Documentation Center Nazi Party Rally Grounds
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The Documentation Center Nazi Party Rallying Grounds (German: Dokumentationszentrum Reichsparteitagsgelände) is a museum in
Nuremberg Nuremberg (, ; ; in the local East Franconian dialect: ''Nämberch'' ) is the Franconia#Towns and cities, largest city in Franconia, the List of cities in Bavaria by population, second-largest city in the States of Germany, German state of Bav ...
. It is in the north wing of the unfinished remains of the Congress Hall of the former Nazi party rallies. From 2001 to 2020, it housed the "Fascination and Terror" exhibition concerning the causes, connections, and consequences of
Nazi Germany Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German Reich, German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a Totalit ...
. The center is currently under renovation and houses an interim exhibition. Attached to the museum is an education forum.


Architecture

In 1994 the city council of Nuremberg decided to establish the Documentation Center. Austrian architect
Günther Domenig Günther Domenig (6 July 1934 – 15 June 2012) was an Austrian architect. Domenig was born in Klagenfurt, and studied architecture at the Graz University of Technology (1953–1959). After working as an architectural assistant, he set ...
designed the museum, winning the 1998 international competition with his proposal to spear through the northern head of the building with a diagonal glass and steel passageway. Inherent in the gesture of this project is a pun on the name and a refutation of the chief Nazi architect
Albert Speer Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer (; ; 19 March 1905 – 1 September 1981) was a German architect who served as Reich Ministry of Armaments and War Production, Minister of Armaments and War Production in Nazi Germany during most of W ...
who had directed a masterplan for this site including a Zeppelin Field, a stadium to hold 400,000, a March Field for military exercises, a Congress Hall for 50,000, and a wide Great Road. This is where Speer had created the "cathedral of light" and where the Nazis drew nearly a million people in rallies between 1933 and 1938. These were captured on film by
Leni Riefenstahl Helene Bertha Amalie "Leni" Riefenstahl (; 22 August 1902 – 8 September 2003) was a German film director, Film producer, producer, screenwriter, Film editing, editor, photographer, and actress. She is considered one of the most controversial ...
in ''
Triumph of the Will ''Triumph of the Will'' () is a 1935 German Nazi propaganda film directed, produced, edited and co-written by Leni Riefenstahl. Adolf Hitler commissioned the film and served as an unofficial executive producer; his name appears in the opening ...
''. Domenig, the son of a Nazi judge, confronted his own personal history in addition to the history and
Nazi architecture Nazi architecture is the architecture promoted by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Germany, Nazi regime from 1933 until its fall in 1945, connected with urban planning in Nazi Germany. It is characterized by three forms: a Stripped Classicism, stripp ...
of the project's site. On 4 November 2001 the project was unveiled by
Johannes Rau Johannes Rau (; 16 January 193127 January 2006) was a German politician who served as President of Germany from 1999 to 2004. A member of the Social Democratic Party, he previously served as the Minister-President of North Rhine-Westphalia fro ...
, then
President of Germany The president of Germany, officially titled the Federal President of the Federal Republic of Germany (),The official title within Germany is ', with ' being added in international correspondence; the official English title is President of the F ...
.


Exhibition

The former permanent exhibition "Fascination and Terror" (''Faszination und Gewalt'') studied the causes, coherence, and consequences of National Socialism. It described the Nazi Party Rallies and explained the fascination they exercised upon participants and visitors. At the same time, the exhibition endeavored to explain what led to the National Socialists' criminal exercise of power and to reveal how the various causal factors were interrelated. A further goal was a frank presentation of the violent consequences that ensued for the population. The events that are inseparably linked with Nuremberg ("city of the party rally" — ''Stadt der Reichsparteitage'') and the National Socialist period were also explained: the activities of
Julius Streicher Julius Sebastian Streicher (12 February 1885 – 16 October 1946) was a German publicist, politician and convicted war criminal. A member of the Nazi Party, he served as the ''Gauleiter'' (regional leader) of Franconia and a member of the '' Reic ...
, editor of the anti-Semitic rabble-rousing weekly ''Der Stürmer'' (''The Storm Trooper''), the history of the
Nuremberg Rally The Nuremberg rallies ( , meaning ) were a series of celebratory events coordinated by the Nazi Party and held in the German city of Nuremberg from 1923 to 1938. The first nationwide party convention took place in Munich in January 1923, but the ...
, the proclamation of the so-called
Nuremberg Laws The Nuremberg Laws (, ) were antisemitic and racist laws that were enacted in Nazi Germany on 15 September 1935, at a special meeting of the Reichstag convened during the annual Nuremberg Rally of the Nazi Party. The two laws were the Law ...
in 1935, the buildings of the Nazi party rally grounds and the trouble with
Nazi architecture Nazi architecture is the architecture promoted by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Germany, Nazi regime from 1933 until its fall in 1945, connected with urban planning in Nazi Germany. It is characterized by three forms: a Stripped Classicism, stripp ...
after 1945, and the criminal
Nuremberg Trials #REDIRECT Nuremberg trials {{redirect category shell, {{R from other capitalisation{{R from move ...
against the chief executives of the National Socialist agenda in 1945–1946 and twelve succeeding trials. The exhibition concluded with an examination of the problem that has been with Germany since 1945: how Germans should deal with the legacy in stone left at the Party Rally Grounds by the National Socialists. The exhibition was structured in chronological order. The individual exhibition rooms varied in size and structure. They ranged from corridors of just a few square meters in size to large halls. The exhibition area offered a total of 1,300 square meters of floor space. The exhibition was presented in narrative form. Use was made of classical exhibition methods as well as of modern forms of presentation. Five films newly created for the Documentation Center were essential elements on the route through the exhibition. Easy-to-use electronic display stations on various topics offered a wealth of informative pictorial material. Eyewitness interviews which were especially filmed were aimed at making history much more amenable, particularly for the younger generation. A wearable "Audioguide" led visitors through the exhibition in English, French, Italian, Spanish, Russian, and Polish. The exhibition "Fascination and Terror" was closed at the end of 2020 and the City of Nuremberg started expanding the Documentation Center Nazi Party Rally Grounds. From May 2021, a specially designed Interim Exhibition, "Nuremberg – Site of the Nazi Party Rallies. The Staging, the Experience, the Violence," in the large Exhibition Hall of the Documentation Center, presents a concise history of the Nazi Party Rallies and the Grounds. The opening of a new permanent exhibition is planned for 2025. This new exhibition will occupy a larger space and offer expanded content as well as a Media and Research Center.


Education forum

The attached education forum was in the glazed cube on the roof of the congress hall. A union of seven Nuremberg educational institutions under the management of the ''museen der stadt nürnberg'' makes possible an extensive and target group oriented program. The offer extended from 45 minute exhibition tours to several day seminars aimed at school classes for both youth and adult groups. The content included such topics as "the power of images", "youth between adaptation and resistance", and "the system of concentration camps." The partners of the education center are: * Geschichte Für Alle e.V. – Institut für Regionalgeschichte * Jugendakademie im Caritas-Pirckheimer-Haus * Jugendzentrum für kulturelle und politische Bildung der Stadt Nürnberg * Jugendring/Kreisjugendring Nürnberg-Stadt * Kunst -und Kulturpädagogisches Zentrum der Museen in Nürnberg * Menschenrechtsbüro der Stadt Nürnberg * Nürnberger Menschenrechtszentrum e.V.


Awards

In 2001, the Innovation-prize of the Nuremberg region was awarded to the partners of the Documentation Center in the education forum. In 2002, the
British Guild of Travel Writers The British Guild of Travel Writers Limited is described as a community of accredited writers, photographers, and broadcasters; the trusted body for independent editorial comment and expert content on worldwide travel. The organisation was founde ...
awarded the Documentation Center with an award for ''Best New Overseas Tourism Project''. In 2004, Günther Domenig was honored by the 9th International Architecture Exhibition of the
Venice Biennale The Venice Biennale ( ; ) is an international cultural exhibition hosted annually in Venice, Italy. There are two main components of the festival, known as the Art Biennale () and the Venice Biennale of Architecture, Architecture Biennale (), ...
in their section "Transformations." The citation remarked on the opposition of the geometry between the project by Domenig versus the existing structure, and the resulting creation of a profound memorial.Citation from the Venice Biennale 9th International Architecture Exhibition, accessed 30 April 2007.


Information system

Since May 2006, the exhibition in the Documentation Center had been supplemented by an information system with 23
stele A stele ( ) or stela ( )The plural in English is sometimes stelai ( ) based on direct transliteration of the Greek, sometimes stelae or stelæ ( ) based on the inflection of Greek nouns in Latin, and sometimes anglicized to steles ( ) or stela ...
in the grounds, that made possible an individual tour of the former Nazi Party Rallying Grounds.


References


Literature

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Video


''Ruins of the Reich''
R.J. Adams DVD (Then & Now documentary exploration of the NSDAP party grounds)


External links

*
The Information System at the Nazi Party Rally Grounds
{{Authority control Nazi architecture History museums in Germany Museums in Nuremberg World War II museums in Germany