Dezhou
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Dezhou () is a
prefecture-level city A prefecture-level city () or prefectural city is an administrative division of the China, People's Republic of China (PRC), ranking below a province of China, province and above a Counties of the People's Republic of China, county in China's ...
in northwestern
Shandong Shandong is a coastal Provinces of China, province in East China. Shandong has played a major role in Chinese history since the beginning of Chinese civilization along the lower reaches of the Yellow River. It has served as a pivotal cultural ...
province,
People's Republic of China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...
. It borders the provincial capital of
Jinan Jinan is the capital of the province of Shandong in East China. With a population of 9.2 million, it is one of the largest cities in Shandong in terms of population. The area of present-day Jinan has played an important role in the history of ...
to the southeast, Liaocheng to the southwest, Binzhou to the northeast, and the province of
Hebei Hebei is a Provinces of China, province in North China. It is China's List of Chinese administrative divisions by population, sixth-most populous province, with a population of over 75 million people. Shijiazhuang is the capital city. It bor ...
to the north.


History


Sulu royal family

In 1417, the pre- sultanate East King of Sulu, Paduka Pahala, sailed to China on a tribute mission to the Yongle Emperor. While on his way home from the mission, he died in Dezhou, and his two sons and wife were left in the care of
Hui people The Hui people are an East Asian ethnoreligious group predominantly composed of Islam in China, Chinese-speaking adherents of Islam. They are distributed throughout China, mainly in the Northwest China, northwestern provinces and in the Zhongy ...
in the city. The two families descended from the two sons were given the surnames An and Wen by the Ming dynasty. They lived through the Ming and Qing dynasties, and still live in Dezhou today. Soon after, Sharif ul-Hāshim of Sulu arrived in Sulu and married a princess of the previous non-Hashemite royal family, founding the Sulu Sultanate. Since then, various Tausūg delegations from Sulu have visited Dezhou to meet the descendants of the previous royal family.


Death of Empress Xiaoxianchun

While on a boat in Dezhou, on 5 April 1748, the Qianlong Emperor's first empress, Empress Xiaoxianchun, died at the age of 37. The circumstances of her death are not well documented by historical sources.


Administration

The
municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having municipal corporation, corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality' ...
of Dezhou comprises thirteen county-level sub divisions: ;Districts * Decheng District (). The government of the prefecture-level city is located in this sub division. * Lingcheng District () ;Cities Cities ( ''xianji shi'') administered by Dezhou are: * Laoling () * Yucheng () ;Counties Counties (县 ''xian'') administered by Dezhou are: * Pingyuan () * Xiajin () * Wucheng () * Qihe () *
Linyi Linyi ( zh, s=临沂 , t=臨沂 , p=Línyí) is a prefecture-level city in the south of Shandong province, China. As of 2011, Linyi is the largest prefecture-level city in Shandong, both by area and population, Linyi borders Rizhao to the eas ...
() * Ningjin () * Qingyun () ;Development zones * Tianquxin-Qu (天衢新区), which is the former: ** Dezhou Economic Development District () ** Dezhou Yunhe Economic Development District ()


Climate


Transport


Historical

The
Yellow River The Yellow River, also known as Huanghe, is the second-longest river in China and the List of rivers by length, sixth-longest river system on Earth, with an estimated length of and a Drainage basin, watershed of . Beginning in the Bayan H ...
and the Grand Canal both run through Dezhou, making it an important hub for cargo transit since ancient times. In antiquity, it was described as "Junction of Nine Arteries" () and "Portal of the Capital" ().


Modern era

Dezhou is on the Shijiazhuang-Dezhou railway, the Shijiazhuang–Ji'nan railway, the
Beijing–Shanghai railway The Beijing–Shanghai railway or Jinghu railway () is a railway line between Beijing and Shanghai. The line has a total length of and connects the municipalities of Beijing, Tianjin, and Shanghai, as well as the provinces of Hebei, Shandong, ...
, and the
Beijing–Shanghai railway The Beijing–Shanghai railway or Jinghu railway () is a railway line between Beijing and Shanghai. The line has a total length of and connects the municipalities of Beijing, Tianjin, and Shanghai, as well as the provinces of Hebei, Shandong, ...
. In addition, a small single-track railway connects Dezhou with Dongying. The main expressway passing Dezhou is the G3 Beijing–Taipei Expressway, running north–south from it. Other highways include the Dezhou–Shanghai Expressway, National Highway 104, and National Highway 105, offering connections in other directions. G2 Beijing–Shanghai Expressway passes through the Laoling urban area and Linyi, making Laoling a sub-center of Dezhou.


Tourism

Dezhou's biggest historical attraction is the tomb of Sultan Paduka Pahala of Sulu (Philippines), who died in Dezhou on his return journey from a visit to the Yongle Emperor in 1417. The tomb is well preserved and has been declared a national heritage site. Descendants of the sultan's
Muslim Muslims () are people who adhere to Islam, a Monotheism, monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God ...
followers still live in Dezhou today, and are classified as the Hui minority. One of Dezhou's county Lingxian used to be a big county in China in history, when it was called Pingyuan County. Now part of the ancient city wall of Tang Dynasty still exists in the south of the region. Before the
Three Kingdoms The Three Kingdoms of Cao Wei, Shu Han, and Eastern Wu dominated China from AD 220 to 280 following the end of the Han dynasty. This period was preceded by the Eastern Han dynasty and followed by the Jin dynasty (266–420), Western Jin dyna ...
formed, one of the three emperors
Liu Bei Liu Bei (, ; ; 161 – 10 June 223), courtesy name Xuande (), was a China, Chinese warlord in the late Han dynasty#Eastern Han, Eastern Han dynasty who later became the founding Emperor of China, emperor of Shu Han, one of the Three Kingdoms of ...
used to be the chief of the county, together with his fellows Guan Yu and Zhang Fei. In addition, it is the hometown of Dongfang Shuo, the most well-known adviser during the reign of Emperor Wu of Han. In the Tang Dynasty, a major figure of Chinese calligraphy, Yan Zhenqing, once took office as the administrator of the county. Today, a memorial hall for the two historic figures is built in the People's Park of Lingxian, where a lot of materials of Dongfang Shuo and stone inscriptions of Yan Zhenqing are preserved. For tourist attractions, there is also a famous temple in Qingyun County. It is called Haidao Jinshan Temple, which is one of the biggest centers of
Buddhism Buddhism, also known as Buddhadharma and Dharmavinaya, is an Indian religion and List of philosophies, philosophical tradition based on Pre-sectarian Buddhism, teachings attributed to the Buddha, a wandering teacher who lived in the 6th or ...
in Northern China. The most attractive scene is the underground aisle where the portrait of the hell is presented using high technology.


Industry

A new industrial zone hailed as the "Solar Valley" is being built for experimenting with clean-energy urban projects and massive use of household utilities such as solar-powered water-heaters. The Washington Post describes Dezhou's Solar Valley as the "clean-tech version of Silicon Valley". Nowadays one of the biggest and most famous industries in Dezhou is solar energy industry, with two main corporations included—Himin Group () and its partner Ecco Solar Group (). Dezhou increased its international reputation when it was selected to follow previous hosts, Daegu, South Korea (2004),
Oxford Oxford () is a City status in the United Kingdom, cathedral city and non-metropolitan district in Oxfordshire, England, of which it is the county town. The city is home to the University of Oxford, the List of oldest universities in continuou ...
, UK (2006) and
Adelaide Adelaide ( , ; ) is the list of Australian capital cities, capital and most populous city of South Australia, as well as the list of cities in Australia by population, fifth-most populous city in Australia. The name "Adelaide" may refer to ei ...
,
Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl ...
(2008) as host of the 2010 International Solar City Congress. Himin Group has developed into the world's largest solar water heater manufacturer and is also discovering new areas such as photoelectricity. Greenpeace China cited Dezhou in May 2009 as an example of how
renewable energy Renewable energy (also called green energy) is energy made from renewable resource, renewable natural resources that are replenished on a human lifetime, human timescale. The most widely used renewable energy types are solar energy, wind pow ...
can become a more common reality throughout the world. Dezhou houses the world's largest solar-powered office building, covering around 75,000 square meters. Dezhou also has semiconductor and sports equipment manufacturing industries. China's largest seasoning production base is located in Laoling, Dezhou.


Education

* Dezhou University: a comprehensive university which was approved by the National Education Committee in March 2000. It is the aggregation of Dezhou Teachers’ College, Dezhou Education College and Evening College Municipality, which has a more than 30-year history. It currently offers postgraduate education. * Shandong Huayu Institute of Technology: a private science and engineering university offers 4-year undergraduate majors. * Dezhou Vocational and Technical College: a public vocational college in Dezhou, offers 3-year vocational majors. * Technological Vocational College of Dezhou: a private vocational college in Dezhou. * Dezhou Engineering Vocational College: a private polytechnic vocational college in Dezhou.


Notable people

* Dongfang Shuo (154 to 93 BC, The Western Han Dynasty), Writer and poet * Yan Zhenqing (709 to 784, The Tang Dynasty), Calligrapher, poet * Ma Dehua (1945), actor, best known for his role as Zhu Bajie in the television series Journey to the West * He Rong (1962), Minister of Justice * Han Hong (1971), Singer, songwriter, music producer, director * Zhang Yuqi (1986), Chinese actress * Ma Tianyu (1986), Chinese actor


Miscellaneous

*Dezhou is well known for its braised chicken and watermelon. *The name of Dezhou is the same as the abbreviation of the Chinese name for the U.S. state of
Texas Texas ( , ; or ) is the most populous U.S. state, state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. It borders Louisiana to the east, Arkansas to the northeast, Oklahoma to the north, New Mexico to the we ...
. *Pingyuan, Dezhou is the foundation place of Yihetuan ( Boxer Rebellion) against the Eight Power Allied Force during the 1900s.


Notes


References


Works cited

*


External links


德州鲁北热线陵县旅游Dezhou University

Government website of Dezhou
(in Simplified Chinese) {{Authority control Cities in Shandong Prefecture-level divisions of Shandong