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Depth hoar, also called sugar snow or temperature gradient snow (or TG snow), are large snow-
Depth Hoar, Avalanches, And Wet Slabs: A Case Study Of The Historic March, 2012 Wet Slab Avalanche Cycle At Bridger Bowl, Montana
'montana.edu''.
The formation rate of depth hoar J. C. Giddings E. LaChapelle
First published in June 1962.
The Avalanche Encyclopedia
extensive summary with animation of formation process {{Ice Snow
Depth hoar, also called sugar snow or temperature gradient snow (or TG snow), are large snow-crystal
A crystal or crystalline solid is a solid material whose constituents (such as atoms, molecules, or ions) are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions. In addition, macros ...
s occurring at the base of a snowpack
Snowpack is an accumulation of snow that compresses with time and melts seasonally, often at high elevation or high latitude. Snowpacks are an important water resource that feed streams and rivers as they melt, sometimes leading to flooding. Snow ...
that form when uprising water vapor deposits
A deposit account is a bank account maintained by a financial institution in which a customer can deposit and withdraw money. Deposit accounts can be savings accounts, current accounts or any of several other types of accounts explained below.
...
, or desublimates, onto existing snow crystals. Depth hoar crystals are large, sparkly grains with facet
Facets () are flat faces on geometric shapes. The organization of naturally occurring facets was key to early developments in crystallography, since they reflect the underlying symmetry of the crystal structure. Gemstones commonly have facets cu ...
s that can be cup-shaped and that are up to 10 mm in diameter. Depth hoar crystals bond poorly to each other, increasing the risk for avalanche
An avalanche is a rapid flow of snow down a Grade (slope), slope, such as a hill or mountain. Avalanches can be triggered spontaneously, by factors such as increased precipitation or snowpack weakening, or by external means such as humans, othe ...
s.
The formation of depth hoar in Arctic
The Arctic (; . ) is the polar regions of Earth, polar region of Earth that surrounds the North Pole, lying within the Arctic Circle. The Arctic region, from the IERS Reference Meridian travelling east, consists of parts of northern Norway ( ...
or Antarctic
The Antarctic (, ; commonly ) is the polar regions of Earth, polar region of Earth that surrounds the South Pole, lying within the Antarctic Circle. It is antipodes, diametrically opposite of the Arctic region around the North Pole.
The Antar ...
firn
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Firn (; from Swiss German "last year's", cognate with ''before'') is partially compacted névé, a type of snow that has been left over from past seasons and has been recrystallized into a substance denser than névé. It is ice that ...
can cause isotopic changes in the accumulating ice. This can influence analysis of ice core
An ice core is a core sample that is typically removed from an ice sheet or a high mountain glacier
A glacier (; or ) is a persistent body of dense ice, a form of rock, that is constantly moving downhill under its own weight. A glacier ...
s in scientific research.
References
Further reading
Depth Hoar, Avalanches, And Wet Slabs: A Case Study Of The Historic March, 2012 Wet Slab Avalanche Cycle At Bridger Bowl, Montana
'montana.edu''.
The formation rate of depth hoar J. C. Giddings E. LaChapelle
First published in June 1962.
External links
The Avalanche Encyclopedia
extensive summary with animation of formation process {{Ice Snow