Dendrobieae is a tribe in the subfamily

Epidendroideae Epidendroideae is a subfamily of plants in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. Epidendroideae is larger than all the other orchid subfamilies together, comprising more than 15,000 species in 576 genera. Most epidendroid orchids are tropical epiphytes ...

, in the family

Orchidaceae Orchids are plants that belong to the family (biology), family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant. Orchids are cosmopolitan distribution, cosmopolitan plants that ...

. The ''Dendrobieae'' are mostly

tropical The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the equator, where the sun may shine directly overhead. This contrasts with the temperate or polar regions of Earth, where the Sun can never be directly overhead. This is because of Earth's ax ...

epiphytic An epiphyte is a plant or plant-like organism that grows on the surface of another plant and derives its moisture and nutrients from the air, rain, water (in marine environments) or from debris accumulating around it. The plants on which epiphyt ...

orchids which contain

pseudobulbs In botany, a pseudobulb is a storage organ found in many epiphytic and terrestrial sympodial orchids. It is derived from a thickening of the part of a stem between leaf nodes and may be composed of just one internode or several, termed ''heterob ...

. The tribe contains two genera, ''

Dendrobium ''Dendrobium'' is a genus of mostly Epiphyte, epiphytic and Lithophyte, lithophytic orchids in the Family (biology), family Orchidaceae. It is a very large genus, containing more than 1,800 species that are found in diverse habitats throughout m ...

'' and ''

Bulbophyllum ''Bulbophyllum'' is a genus of mostly Epiphyte, epiphytic and Lithophyte, lithophytic orchids in the Family (biology), family Orchidaceae. It is the largest genus in the orchid family and one of the List of the largest genera of flowering plants, ...

'', which are both among the largest genera of orchids, and are common in cultivation. Previously, other genera were included in the tribe, which are now subsumed in ''Dendrobium'' and ''Bulbophyllum''.

Features

''Dendrobieae'' are mostly small,

orchids. The roots are covered by velamen. There are usually

present, with leaves at the top; sometimes the species lacks pseudobulbs and the leaves are spread across the stem or the plant is leafless. The

flowers Flowers, also known as blooms and blossoms, are the reproductive structures of flowering plants ( angiosperms). Typically, they are structured in four circular levels, called whorls, around the end of a stalk. These whorls include: calyx, m ...

are terminal or axillary and spread across the stalk. The gynostemium is firm, with a clear foot. The anther is bent. The two or four pollinia are naked, they contain no viscidium, just like the ''

Malaxideae Malaxideae is an orchid tribe in the subfamily Epidendroideae. Taxonomy In their 2015 review of Orchidaceae taxonomy, Chase and colleagues divided the tribe into two subtribes, Malaxidinae and Dendrobiinae. The latter is treated as a tribe by s ...

''.

Distribution

''Dendrobieae'' have a

pantropical A pantropical ("all tropics") distribution is one which covers tropical regions of both the Eastern and Western hemispheres. Examples of species include caecilians, modern sirenians and the plant genera ''Acacia'' and ''Bacopa''. ''Neotropical' ...

distribution.

Taxonomy

Taxonomy according to Dressler, Cameron and van den Berg

The taxonomy of ''Dendrobieae'' is still under discussion. The group has been described with the composition below by Dressler (1993),, 1993: ''Phylogeny and Classification of the Orchid Family''. S. 105ff. Cambridge University Press, but appears to be a

polyphyletic A polyphyletic group is an assemblage that includes organisms with mixed evolutionary origin but does not include their most recent common ancestor. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as Homoplasy, homoplasies ...

group. This was investigated by

Cameron Cameron may refer to: People * Clan Cameron, a Scottish clan * Cameron (given name), a given name (including a list of people with the name) * Cameron (surname), a surname (including a list of people with the name) ;Mononym * Cam'ron (born 19 ...

et al. (1999) and van den Berg et al. (2000). However, they moved the genus ''

Pseuderia ''Pseuderia'' is a genus of orchids consisting of about 20 species distributed from the Moluccas through New Guinea to Samoa, Fiji and Micronesia. The genus has its center of diversity in New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; , ...

'' to the tribe Podochileae. As a result, the tribe contained two

subtribe Subtribe is a taxonomic category ranking which is below the rank of tribe and above genus. The standard suffix for a subtribe is -ina (in animals) or -inae (in plants). The first use of this word dates back to the late 19th century. An example of ...

s, 27 genera and about 3,000 species. ''Dendrobieae'' ' s phylogenetics can be seen below: *Subtribe: ''

Bulbophyllinae Dendrobieae is a tribe in the subfamily Epidendroideae, in the family Orchidaceae. The ''Dendrobieae'' are mostly tropical, epiphytic orchids which contain pseudobulbs. The tribe contains two genera, ''Dendrobium'' and ''Bulbophyllum'', which ar ...

'' **Genera: ***'' Acrochaene'' - ''

'' - '' Chaseella'' - '' Cirrhopetalum'' - '' Codonosiphon'' - '' Drymoda'' - '' Epicrianthes'' - '' Ferruminaria'' - '' Hapalochilus'' - '' Ione'' - '' Mastigion'' - '' Monomeria'' - '' Monosepalum'' - '' Osyricera'' - '' Pedilochilus'' - '' Rhytionanthos'' - '' Saccoglossum'' - '' Sunipia'' - '' Synarmosepalum'' - '' Tapeinoglossum'' - '' Trias'' - '' Vesicisepalum''

Taxonomy according to Clements

In various studies in 2003 based on DNA analysis, Mark Alwin Clements, Clements"> (2003): Molecular phylogenetic systematics in the Dendrobiinae (Orchidaceae), with emphasis on Dendrobium section Pedilonum. Telopea 10: 247 - 298 and 2006 based on DNA analysis, Mark Alwin Clements, Clements
called for a review of ''Dendrobieae'' to be placed in the more monophyletic groups. Thus

was positioned earlier while Podochileae in its original position. He placed the genus Epigeneium in a separate monophyletic subtribe, Epigeneiinae, after ''Dendrobieae''. The genus ''Dendrobium'' is split further: The species of the section ''Oxystophyllum'' were placed under ''Podochileae'', the

Australasia Australasia is a subregion of Oceania, comprising Australia, New Zealand (overlapping with Polynesia), and sometimes including New Guinea and surrounding islands (overlapping with Melanesia). The term is used in a number of different context ...

n ''Dendrobium''-species were split into a new set of genera in the Grastidiinae subtribe. The ''Dendrobiinae'' subtribe then contained the genus ''Dendrobium'' which includes the

Asia Asia ( , ) is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population. It covers an area of more than 44 million square kilometres, about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8% of Earth's total surface area. The continent, which ...

tic species of the former giant genus, totalling over 450 species, and several genera separated from it. Based on his ''Dendrobium'' research, it was found that in the future, even more monophyletic groups could be identified in the future as separate genera. The pedigree chart of ''Dendrobieae'' can be found below: *Subtribe: '' Dendrobiinae'' s.s. **Genera: ***'' Anisopetala'' - ''

Aporum ''Dendrobium'' is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids in the family Orchidaceae. It is a very large genus, containing more than 1,800 species that are found in diverse habitats throughout much of south, east and southeast Asia, ...

'' - '' Callista'' - '' Ceraia'' - '' Coelandria'' - ''

'' s.s. - '' Distichorchis'' - '' Eurycaulis'' - '' Pedilonum'' *Subtribe: '' Epigeneiinae'' **Genera: ***'' Epigeneium'' *Subtribe: '' Grastidiinae'' **Genera: ***'' Abaxianthus'' - '' Australorchis'' - '' Bouletia'' - ''

Cadetia ''Dendrobium'' is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids in the family Orchidaceae. It is a very large genus, containing more than 1,800 species that are found in diverse habitats throughout much of south, east and southeast Asia, ...

'' - '' Cannaeorchis'' - '' Cepobaculum'' - '' Ceratobium'' - '' Davejonesia'' - ''

Dendrobates ''Dendrobates'' is a genus of poison dart frogs native to Central and South America. It once contained numerous species, but most originally placed in this genus have been split off into other genera such as '' Adelphobates'', '' Ameerega'', '' ...

'' - '' Dichopus'' - ''

Diplocaulobium ''Dendrobium'' is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids in the family Orchidaceae. It is a very large genus, containing more than 1,800 species that are found in diverse habitats throughout much of south, east and southeast Asia, ...

'' - '' Dockrillia'' - '' Durabaculum'' - '' Eleutheroglossum'' - '' Eriopexis'' - '' Euphlebium'' - '' Exochanthus'' - ''

Flickingeria ''Dendrobium'' is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids in the family Orchidaceae. It is a very large genus, containing more than 1,800 species that are found in diverse habitats throughout much of south, east and southeast Asia, ...

'' - '' Grastidium'' - '' Herpetophytum'' - '' Inobulbum'' - '' Kinetochilus'' - '' Leioanthum'' - '' Microphytanthe'' - '' Monanthos'' - '' Sarcocadetia'' - '' Sayeria'' - '' Stilbophyllum'' - '' Tetrabaculum'' - '' Tetrodon'' - '' Thelychiton'' - '' Trachyrhizum'' - '' Tropilis'' - '' Vappodes'' - '' Winika''

Taxonomy according to Chase

In their 2015 taxonomic review of Orchidaceae, Chase and colleagues relegated tribe Dendrobieae to a subtribe, Dendrobiinae, which they placed in tribe

. The two genera, ''