Dendrobieae is a tribe in the subfamily

Epidendroideae Epidendroideae is a subfamily of plants in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. Epidendroideae is larger than all the other orchid subfamilies together, comprising more than 15,000 species in 576 genera. Most epidendroid orchids are tropical epiphyt ...

, in the family

Orchidaceae Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant. Along with the Asteraceae, they are one of the two largest families of flowering ...

. The ''Dendrobieae'' are mostly

tropical The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the Equator. They are defined in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere at N and the Tropic of Capricorn in the Southern Hemisphere at S. The tropics are also referred to ...

epiphytic An epiphyte is an organism that grows on the surface of a plant and derives its moisture and nutrients from the air, rain, water (in marine environments) or from debris accumulating around it. The plants on which epiphytes grow are called phoroph ...

orchids which contain

pseudobulbs The pseudobulb is a storage organ found in many epiphytic and terrestrial sympodial orchids. It is derived from a thickening of the part of a stem between leaf nodes and may be composed of just one internode or several, termed heteroblastic and h ...

. The tribe contains two genera, ''

Dendrobium ''Dendrobium'' is a genus of mostly Epiphyte, epiphytic and Lithophyte, lithophytic orchids in the Family (biology), family Orchidaceae. It is a very large genus, containing more than 1,800 species that are found in diverse habitats throughout m ...

'' and ''

Bulbophyllum ''Bulbophyllum'' is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids in the family Orchidaceae. It is the largest genus in the orchid family and one of the largest genera of flowering plants with more than 2,000 species, exceeded in number onl ...

'', which are both among the largest genera of orchids, and are common in cultivation. Previously, other genera were included in the tribe, which are now subsumed in ''Dendrobium'' and ''Bulbophyllum''.

Features

''Dendrobieae'' are mostly small,

orchids. The roots are covered by velamen. There are usually

present, with leaves at the top; sometimes the species lacks pseudobulbs and the leaves are spread across the stem or the plant is leafless. The

flowers A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants (plants of the division Angiospermae). The biological function of a flower is to facilitate reproduction, usually by providing a mechani ...

are terminal or axillary and spread across the stalk. The gynostemium is firm, with a clear foot. The anther is bent. The two or four pollinia are naked, they contain no viscidium, just like the ''

Malaxideae Malaxideae is an orchid tribe in the subfamily Epidendroideae. See also * Taxonomy of the Orchidaceae The taxonomy of the Orchidaceae (orchid family) has evolved slowly during the last 250 years, starting with Carl Linnaeus who in 1753 recogni ...

''.

Distribution

''Dendrobieae'' have a

pantropical A pantropical ("all tropics") distribution is one which covers tropical regions of both hemispheres. Examples of species include caecilians, modern sirenians and the plant genera ''Acacia'' and '' Bacopa''. '' Neotropical'' is a zoogeographic t ...

distribution.

Taxonomy

Taxonomy according to Dressler, Cameron and van den Berg

The taxonomy of ''Dendrobieae'' is still under discussion. The group has been described with the composition below by

Dressler Dressler is a surname of German origin. Notable people with the surname include: * Conrad Dressler (1856–1940), sculptor and potter * Erich Dressler, luger * Ernst Christoph Dressler (1734–1779), German composer, operatic tenor, violinist and ...

(1993),, 1993: ''Phylogeny and Classification of the Orchid Family''. S. 105ff. Cambridge University Press, but appears to be a

polyphyletic A polyphyletic group is an assemblage of organisms or other evolving elements that is of mixed evolutionary origin. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as homoplasies, which are explained as a result of conver ...

group. This was investigated by

Cameron Cameron may refer to: People * Clan Cameron, a Scottish clan * Cameron (given name), a given name (including a list of people with the name) * Cameron (surname), a surname (including a list of people with the name) ;Mononym * Cam'ron (born 1 ...

et al. (1999) and

van den Berg Van den Berg is a Dutch-language toponymic surname meaning " of/from the mountain/slope". With 58,562 people carrying the name, it was the fourth most common surname in The Netherlands in 2007. However, they moved the genus ''

Pseuderia ''Pseuderia'' is a genus of orchids consisting of about 20 species distributed from the Moluccas through New Guinea to Samoa, Fiji and Micronesia. The genus has its center of diversity in New Guinea. Species accepted as of June 2014: #''Pseude ...

'' to the tribe

Podochileae Podochileae is an orchid tribe in the subfamily Epidendroideae. Genera Genera: *''Aeridostachya'' (Hook.f.) Brieger *''Appendicula'' Blume *''Ascidieria'' Seidenf. *''Bambuseria'' Schuit., Y.P.Ng & H.A.Pedersen *'' Bryobium'' Lindl. *''Callosty ...

. As a result, the tribe contained two

subtribe Subtribe is a taxonomic category ranking which is below the rank of tribe and above genus. The standard suffix for a subtribe is -ina (in animals) or -inae (in plants). The early use of this word is from 19th century. An example of subtribe i ...

s, 27 genera and about 3,000 species. ''Dendrobieae'' ' s phylogenetics can be seen below: *Subtribe: ''

Bulbophyllinae Dendrobieae is a tribe in the subfamily Epidendroideae, in the family Orchidaceae. The ''Dendrobieae'' are mostly tropical, epiphytic orchids which contain pseudobulbs. The tribe contains two genera, '' Dendrobium'' and '' Bulbophyllum'', whic ...

'' **Genera: ***''

Acrochaene ''Bulbophyllum rimannii'' is a species of orchid. Previously known as ''Acrochaene rimannii'', it was placed within '' Bulbophyllum'' in 2014. It is native to Sikkim, Bhutan, Assam, Myanmar and Thailand Thailand ( ), historically known ...

'' - ''

Chaseella ''Bulbophyllum pseudohydra'' is a species of epiphytic orchid, formerly the sole species in ''Bulbophyllum'' sect. ''Chaseella'' ummerh.G A Fischer & J J. It is endemic to the Honde and Haroni Valleys of Zimbabwe. It has also been report ...

'' - '' Cirrhopetalum'' - ''

Codonosiphon ''Bulbophyllum'' is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids in the family Orchidaceae. It is the largest genus in the orchid family and one of the largest genera of flowering plants with more than 2,000 species, exceeded in number onl ...

'' - ''

Drymoda ''Bulbophyllum'' sect. ''Drymoda'' is a section of the genus '' Bulbophyllum''. Description Species in this section is distinguished by very long columns and four pollina. Distribution Plants from this section are found in Myanmar, Thailand a ...

'' - ''

Epicrianthes ''Bulbophyllum'' sect. ''Epicranthes'' is a Section (biology), section of the genus ''Bulbophyllum''. Description Species in this section have small adpressed pseudobulbs carrying carrying a single, small, elliptic, fleshy leaf. Distribution Pl ...

'' - '' Ferruminaria'' - '' Hapalochilus'' - ''

Ione Ione may refer to: Places * Ione, California, a city * Ione, Colorado, an unincorporated community * Ione, Nevada, an unincorporated community * Ione, Oregon, a city * Ione, Washington, a town * Ionopolis or Ione, an ancient town near Antioch ...

'' - ''

Mastigion ''Bulbophyllum'' is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids in the family Orchidaceae. It is the largest genus in the orchid family and one of the largest genera of flowering plants with more than 2,000 species, exceeded in number onl ...

'' - '' Monomeria'' - ''

Monosepalum ''Bulbophyllum'' is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids in the family Orchidaceae. It is the largest genus in the orchid family and one of the largest genera of flowering plants with more than 2,000 species, exceeded in number onl ...

'' - ''

Osyricera ''Bulbophyllum'' is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids in the family Orchidaceae. It is the largest genus in the orchid family and one of the largest genera of flowering plants with more than 2,000 species, exceeded in number ...

'' - ''

Pedilochilus ''Bulbophyllum'' is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids in the family Orchidaceae. It is the largest genus in the orchid family and one of the largest genera of flowering plants with more than 2,000 species, exceeded in number onl ...

'' - ''

Rhytionanthos ''Bulbophyllum'' is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids in the family Orchidaceae. It is the largest genus in the orchid family and one of the largest genera of flowering plants with more than 2,000 species, exceeded in number onl ...

'' - ''

Saccoglossum ''Bulbophyllum'' is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids in the family Orchidaceae. It is the largest genus in the orchid family and one of the largest genera of flowering plants with more than 2,000 species, exceeded in number onl ...

'' - ''

Sunipia ''Bulbophyllum'' sect. ''Ione'' is a Section (biology), section of the genus ''Bulbophyllum''. Description Species in this section have one to many flowers with 4 to 8 bracts on the peduncle and 4 pollina equal in size. Distribution Plants from ...

'' - '' Synarmosepalum'' - ''

Tapeinoglossum ''Bulbophyllum'' is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids in the family Orchidaceae. It is the largest genus in the orchid family and one of the largest genera of flowering plants with more than 2,000 species, exceeded in number onl ...

'' - '' Trias'' - ''

Vesicisepalum ''Bulbophyllum'' sect. ''Polymeres'' is a Section (biology), section of the genus ''Bulbophyllum''. Description Species in this section have creeping or pendant rhizome and a single flowered inflorescence. Distribution Plants from this section ...

Taxonomy according to Clements

In various studies in 2003 based on DNA analysis, Mark Alwin Clements, Clements"> (2003): Molecular phylogenetic systematics in the Dendrobiinae (Orchidaceae), with emphasis on Dendrobium section Pedilonum. Telopea 10: 247 - 298 and 2006 based on DNA analysis, Mark Alwin Clements, Clements
called for a review of ''Dendrobieae'' to be placed in the more monophyletic groups. Thus

was positioned earlier while

in its original position. He placed the genus

Epigeneium ''Dendrobium'' is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids in the family Orchidaceae. It is a very large genus, containing more than 1,800 species that are found in diverse habitats throughout much of south, east and southeast Asia, ...

in a separate monophyletic subtribe, Epigeneiinae, after ''Dendrobieae''. The genus ''Dendrobium'' is split further: The species of the section ''Oxystophyllum'' were placed under ''Podochileae'', the

Australasia Australasia is a region that comprises Australia, New Zealand and some neighbouring islands in the Pacific Ocean. The term is used in a number of different contexts, including geopolitically, physiogeographically, philologically, and ecolo ...

n ''Dendrobium''-species were split into a new set of genera in the Grastidiinae subtribe. The ''Dendrobiinae'' subtribe then contained the genus ''Dendrobium'' which includes the

Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an ...

tic species of the former giant genus, totalling over 450 species, and several genera separated from it. Based on his ''Dendrobium'' research, it was found that in the future, even more monophyletic groups could be identified in the future as separate genera. The pedigree chart of ''Dendrobieae'' can be found below: *Subtribe: ''

Dendrobiinae Dendrobieae is a tribe in the subfamily Epidendroideae, in the family Orchidaceae. The ''Dendrobieae'' are mostly tropical, epiphytic orchids which contain pseudobulbs. The tribe contains two genera, '' Dendrobium'' and '' Bulbophyllum'', whic ...

'' s.s. **Genera: ***''

Anisopetala ''Dendrobium'' is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids in the family Orchidaceae. It is a very large genus, containing more than 1,800 species that are found in diverse habitats throughout much of south, east and southeast Asia, ...

'' - '' Aporum'' - '' Callista'' - '' Ceraia'' - '' Coelandria'' - ''

'' s.s. - '' Distichorchis'' - ''

Eurycaulis ''Dendrobium'' is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids in the family Orchidaceae. It is a very large genus, containing more than 1,800 species that are found in diverse habitats throughout much of south, east and southeast Asia, ...

'' - ''

Pedilonum ''Dendrobium'' is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids in the family Orchidaceae. It is a very large genus, containing more than 1,800 species that are found in diverse habitats throughout much of south, east and southeast Asia, i ...

'' *Subtribe: '' Epigeneiinae'' **Genera: ***''

'' *Subtribe: '' Grastidiinae'' **Genera: ***'' Abaxianthus'' - '' Australorchis'' - '' Bouletia'' - '' Cadetia'' - ''

Cannaeorchis ''Dendrobium'' is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids in the family Orchidaceae. It is a very large genus, containing more than 1,800 species that are found in diverse habitats throughout much of south, east and southeast As ...

'' - ''

Cepobaculum ''Dendrobium'' is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids in the family Orchidaceae. It is a very large genus, containing more than 1,800 species that are found in diverse habitats throughout much of south, east and southeast Asi ...

'' - ''

Ceratobium ''Dendrobium'' is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids in the family Orchidaceae. It is a very large genus, containing more than 1,800 species that are found in diverse habitats throughout much of south, east and southeast Asia, ...

'' - ''

Davejonesia ''Dendrobium'' is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids in the family Orchidaceae. It is a very large genus, containing more than 1,800 species that are found in diverse habitats throughout much of south, east and southeast Asia, ...

'' - ''

Dendrobates ''Dendrobates'' is a genus of poison dart frogs native to Central and South America. It once contained numerous species, but most originally placed in this genus have been split off into other genera such as ''Adelphobates'', ''Ameerega'', ''Andi ...

'' - ''

Dichopus ''Dendrobium'' is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids in the family Orchidaceae. It is a very large genus, containing more than 1,800 species that are found in diverse habitats throughout much of south, east and southeast Asia, ...

'' - '' Diplocaulobium'' - ''

Dockrillia ''Dendrobium'' section ''Rhizobium'' is a section of the genus ''Dendrobium''. Description Plants in this section have thick, fleshy to terete leaves produced along a thin and wiry stem. The section was established in 1851 by John Lindley and J ...

'' - '' Durabaculum'' - ''

Eleutheroglossum ''Dendrobium'' is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids in the family Orchidaceae. It is a very large genus, containing more than 1,800 species that are found in diverse habitats throughout much of south, east and southeast A ...

'' - ''

Eriopexis ''Dendrobium'' is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids in the family Orchidaceae. It is a very large genus, containing more than 1,800 species that are found in diverse habitats throughout much of south, east and southeast A ...

'' - ''

Euphlebium ''Dendrobium'' is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids in the family Orchidaceae. It is a very large genus, containing more than 1,800 species that are found in diverse habitats throughout much of south, east and southeast As ...

'' - ''

Exochanthus ''Dendrobium'' is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids in the family Orchidaceae. It is a very large genus, containing more than 1,800 species that are found in diverse habitats throughout much of south, east and southeast Asia, ...

'' - ''

Flickingeria ''Dendrobium'' is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids in the family Orchidaceae. It is a very large genus, containing more than 1,800 species that are found in diverse habitats throughout much of south, east and southeast Asia, i ...

'' - ''

Grastidium ''Dendrobium'' is a genus of mostly Epiphyte, epiphytic and Lithophyte, lithophytic orchids in the Family (biology), family Orchidaceae. It is a very large genus, containing more than 1,800 species that are found in diverse habitats throughout m ...

'' - ''

Herpetophytum ''Dendrobium'' is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids in the family Orchidaceae. It is a very large genus, containing more than 1,800 species that are found in diverse habitats throughout much of south, east and southeast A ...

'' - '' Inobulbum'' - ''

Kinetochilus ''Dendrobium'' is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids in the family Orchidaceae. It is a very large genus, containing more than 1,800 species that are found in diverse habitats throughout much of south, east and southeast Asia, ...

'' - ''

Leioanthum ''Dendrobium'' is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids in the family Orchidaceae. It is a very large genus, containing more than 1,800 species that are found in diverse habitats throughout much of south, east and southeast Asia, ...

'' - ''

Microphytanthe ''Dendrobium'' is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids in the family Orchidaceae. It is a very large genus, containing more than 1,800 species that are found in diverse habitats throughout much of south, east and southeast Asia, ...

'' - ''

Monanthos ''Dendrobium'' is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids in the family Orchidaceae. It is a very large genus, containing more than 1,800 species that are found in diverse habitats throughout much of south, east and southeast A ...

'' - ''

Sarcocadetia ''Dendrobium'' is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids in the family Orchidaceae. It is a very large genus, containing more than 1,800 species that are found in diverse habitats throughout much of south, east and southeast Asia, i ...

'' - ''

Sayeria ''Dendrobium'' is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids in the family Orchidaceae. It is a very large genus, containing more than 1,800 species that are found in diverse habitats throughout much of south, east and southeast Asia, ...

'' - ''

Stilbophyllum ''Dendrobium'' is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids in the family Orchidaceae. It is a very large genus, containing more than 1,800 species that are found in diverse habitats throughout much of south, east and southeast Asia, ...

'' - '' Tetrabaculum'' - '' Tetrodon'' - ''

Thelychiton ''Dendrobium'' is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids in the family Orchidaceae. It is a very large genus, containing more than 1,800 species that are found in diverse habitats throughout much of south, east and southeast Asia, ...

'' - ''

Trachyrhizum ''Dendrobium'' is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids in the family Orchidaceae. It is a very large genus, containing more than 1,800 species that are found in diverse habitats throughout much of south, east and southeast Asia, ...

'' - '' Tropilis'' - ''

Vappodes ''Dendrobium'' is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids in the family Orchidaceae. It is a very large genus, containing more than 1,800 species that are found in diverse habitats throughout much of south, east and southeast Asia, ...

'' - ''

Winika ''Dendrobium cunninghamii'', commonly known as winika, pekapeka, Christmas orchid, bamboo orchid or ladies slipper orchid, is a species of epiphytic orchids that is endemic to New Zealand. It is commonly found growing in rainforest in the No ...

Features

Distribution

Taxonomy

Taxonomy according to Dressler, Cameron and van den Berg

Taxonomy according to Clements

References

Further reading