Deficit 83 Lines (赤字83線, Akaji-Hachijyusansen) is a list of railway lines owned by
Japanese National Railways
The , abbreviated JNR or , was the business entity that operated Japan's national railway network from 1949 to 1987.
Network Railways
As of June 1, 1949, the date of establishment of JNR, it operated of narrow gauge () railways in all 46 pre ...
(JNR) proposed for abolishment or transferring to third sector companies as it has fulfilled its goals in 1968.
Criteria
The criteria for a railway line being listed are the following:
*The length of the track is under 100 kilometers, and the function seen from the line is small, and there is a small population along the tracks.
*The one-way transportation volume of regular customers is less than 3,000 people, and the daily departure and arrival of cargo is within 600 tons.
*The transportation volume growth is lower than that of competing transportation institutions, and both passengers and cargo are decreasing.
The idea to close lines and replace them with bus services that cost less to operate was formulated as early as 1968.
By these criteria, 83 railway lines of in length have been listed, and the JNR began talks with the local municipalities to close the lines. However, due to furious protests from the local residents, out of the 83 lines, before 1972 only 11 of those listed were closed, i.e. .
However, the
Japan Railway Construction Public Corporation
(JRCC) was a public corporation responsible for the construction of railway lines in Japan.
The JRCC was established in 1964 as the successor to JNR's railway line construction division. Kakuei Tanaka, then an influential member of the House of ...
continued to build local lines, and most of the 11 lines opened during the talks were generating negative income, resulting in no improvements from the closure of the 11 lines.
In 1972, when
Kakuei Tanaka
was a Japanese politician who served as Prime Minister of Japan, prime minister of Japan from 1972 to 1974. Known for his background in construction and earthy and tenacious political style, Tanaka is the only modern Japanese prime minister who ...
became the prime minister, all efforts to close the remaining
lines were cancelled.
However, most of the lines that continued service after being listed as 83 deficit lines were abolished by
Specified local lines
The were the railway lines specified by Japanese National Railways (JNR) under the 1980 to be closed. All of 83 lines were closed and substituted by buses or transferred to other railway operators between 1983 and 1990.
Selection
Article 8 of ...
movement.
Aftermath of all 83 lines
This table shows the current status of the lines.
Lines that were closed as a part of deficit 83 lines movement
Lines that continued service after the movement, but were abolished in later movements
Lines that continue service
See also
*
Specified local lines
The were the railway lines specified by Japanese National Railways (JNR) under the 1980 to be closed. All of 83 lines were closed and substituted by buses or transferred to other railway operators between 1983 and 1990.
Selection
Article 8 of ...
*
Beeching cuts
The Beeching cuts, also colloquially referred to as the Beeching Axe, were a major series of route closures and service changes made as part of the restructuring of the nationalised railway system in Great Britain in the 1960s. They are named ...
References
Footnotes
Bibliography
*
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* {{Cite book , last1=Imashiro , first1=Mitsuhide , title=The Privatization of Japanese National Railways , last2=Ishikawa , first2=Tatsujiro , date=1998 , publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing Co. , isbn=9781780939278 , publication-date=2012
Japanese National Railways