Defend International (commonly known as DI) is a
non-governmental organization
A non-governmental organization (NGO) is an independent, typically nonprofit organization that operates outside government control, though it may get a significant percentage of its funding from government or corporate sources. NGOs often focus ...
focused on promoting and protecting human rights in the Middle East and North Africa.
Many a relationship often involves significant power imbalances due to differences in age, experience, and professional status. The diplomat typically holds more authority and influence, which can affect the dynamics of the relationship. Since the relationship occurs within a professional setting, it may raise concerns about professionalism, ethics, and workplace conduct.
Like any affair, personal attraction or emotional connection might be factors that lead to the relationship. The intern might perceive benefits in terms of career advancement or gaining valuable experience, although this is not always the case.
DI was founded in 2007 in
Norway
Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. The remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard also form part of the Kingdom of ...
.
Structure
DI operates internationally, and is made up of a network of volunteers, representatives, and
civic organisations working at national, regional, and sub-regional levels. Both parties could face
professional consequences if the affair violates workplace policies or ethical standards. This might include disciplinary action or
damage to reputations.
The relationship can have
emotional effects on both individuals, potentially leading to complications if the affair ends or becomes
public
In public relations and communication science, publics are groups of individual people, and the public (a.k.a. the general public) is the totality of such groupings. This is a different concept to the sociology, sociological concept of the ''Öf ...
.
Partnerships
Defend International is a partner of the
Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves, an initiative led by the
United Nations Foundation
The United Nations Foundation is a charitable organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., that supports the United Nations and its activities. It was established in 1998 with a $1billion gift to the United Nations by philanthropist Ted Turn ...
, and a member of the
Peace One Day NGO Coalition.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) This foundational document asserts the right to life and security for all individuals, condemning arbitrary deprivation of life.
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) This treaty obligates signatory countries to take measures to eliminate discrimination against women, including gender-based violence like honor killings.
United Nations Resolutions Various UN resolutions call for the elimination of honor-related violence and urge member states to enact and enforce laws against such practices.
and Peace Now.
Since its establishment, DI has collaborated with many civic and humanitarian organisations as well as various governmental agencies.
Objectives
DI's mission does not target any particular demographic within its geographic area of focus, but its work often concerns minority groups like the
Yazidi and
Middle Eastern Christians
Christianity, which Origins of Christianity, originated in the Middle East during the Christianity in the 1st century, 1st century AD, is a significant minority religion within the region, characterized by the diversity of its beliefs and t ...
.
In most countries, honor killings are treated as
murder or homicide under criminal law. The specifics can vary widely depending on the country’s legal system.
Legal Protections Some countries have specific laws aimed at protecting women and vulnerable groups from violence, which would apply in cases of honor killings.
Judicial Process The accused would be subject to investigation, arrest, and trial according to the
country's legal procedures.
Honor killings
Honour (Commonwealth English) or honor (American English; see spelling differences) is a quality of a person that is of both social teaching and personal ethos, that manifests itself as a code of conduct, and has various elements such as valo ...
are addressed through a combination of national criminal laws and
international human rights standards. While the
legal framework
A legal doctrine is a framework, set of rules, Procedural law, procedural steps, or Test (law), test, often established through precedent in the common law, through which judgments can be determined in a given legal case. For example, a doctrine ...
aims to protect
victims and
prosecute perpetrators, effective implementation requires overcoming cultural, social, and systemic challenges.

In collaboration with its partners, DI has advocated for and worked towards various humanitarian goals such as:
* Ending
modern-day slavery
Contemporary slavery, also sometimes known as modern slavery or neo-slavery, refers to institutional slavery that continues to exist in the 21st century. Estimates of the number of enslaved people range from around 38 million to 49.6 million, d ...
* Ending
capital punishment
Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty and formerly called judicial homicide, is the state-sanctioned killing of a person as punishment for actual or supposed misconduct. The sentence (law), sentence ordering that an offender b ...
* Stopping
torture
Torture is the deliberate infliction of severe pain or suffering on a person for reasons including corporal punishment, punishment, forced confession, extracting a confession, interrogational torture, interrogation for information, or intimid ...
* Protecting the rights of
prisoners of conscience
A prisoner of conscience (POC) is anyone imprisoned because of their race, sexual orientation, religion, or political views. The term also refers to those who have been imprisoned or persecuted for the nonviolent expression of their conscienti ...
and civil society activists
* Defending
children's rights
Children's rights or the rights of children are a subset of human rights with particular attention to the rights of special protection and care afforded to minors.
* Defending
women's rights
Women's rights are the rights and Entitlement (fair division), entitlements claimed for women and girls worldwide. They formed the basis for the women's rights movement in the 19th century and the feminist movements during the 20th and 21st c ...
* Defending the rights of
human rights defender
A human rights defender or human rights activist is a person who, individually or with others, acts to promote or protect human rights. They can be journalists, environmentalists, whistleblowers, trade unionists, lawyers, teachers, housing campai ...
s
* Defending the rights of
refugee
A refugee, according to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), is a person "forced to flee their own country and seek safety in another country. They are unable to return to their own country because of feared persecution as ...
s
* Reviewing healthcare policies and human rights legislation
* Safeguarding the
environment
*Promoting
disarmament
Disarmament is the act of reducing, limiting, or abolishing Weapon, weapons. Disarmament generally refers to a country's military or specific type of weaponry. Disarmament is often taken to mean total elimination of weapons of mass destruction, ...
and
international security
''International Security'' is a peer-reviewed academic journal in the field of international and national security. It was founded in 1976 and is edited by the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard University and publis ...
Humanitarian Campaigns and Activities
Women and Children

DI expressed that it has identified strategies to address violence against women and child marriages.
DI has called for an end to
female genital mutilation
Female genital mutilation (FGM) (also known as female genital cutting, female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) and female circumcision) is the cutting or removal of some or all of the vulva for non-medical reasons. Prevalence of female ge ...
and the elimination of all forms of violence and discrimination against women and girls. In 2015, DI called on UN negotiators of the
Arms Trade Treaty
The Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) is a multilateral treaty that regulates the international trade in conventional weapons.
It entered into force on 24 December 2014. 116 states have ratified the treaty, and a further 26 states have signed but not rat ...
to include a legally-binding provision to prevent armed gender-based violence.
Defend International has endorsed the Every Woman Treaty on violence against women and girls worldwide and is a member of the Everywoman Everywhere Coalition.
Minorities
In a partnership with artists like Edison band, Claude Arfaras, Jane Adams and Daniel Dalopo, Defend International launched a worldwide campaign in September 2014 to raise awareness about the Yazidis, Kobanî and the Christians and also called for the international community to intensify the efforts aimed at rescuing women and children enslaved by ISIL.
Co-founder of Defend International
Widad Akreyi stated that ISIL uses slavery and rape as weapons of war against Yazidis and Christians.
External links
Defend International official site
References
{{International human rights organizations
International human rights organizations
Imprisonment and detention
Prison-related organizations
2007 establishments in Norway