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Pre-1600

*
AD 69 AD 69 (Roman numerals, LXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. In the Roman Empire, it was known as the Year of the Roman consul, consulship of Galba and Titus Vinius, Vinius (or, less frequently, year 822 ''Ab urbe ...
Antonius Primus enters
Rome Rome (Italian language, Italian and , ) is the capital city and most populated (municipality) of Italy. It is also the administrative centre of the Lazio Regions of Italy, region and of the Metropolitan City of Rome. A special named with 2, ...
to claim the title of
Emperor The word ''emperor'' (from , via ) can mean the male ruler of an empire. ''Empress'', the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife (empress consort), mother/grandmother (empress dowager/grand empress dowager), or a woman who rules ...
for
Nero Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ( ; born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus; 15 December AD 37 – 9 June AD 68) was a Roman emperor and the final emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, reigning from AD 54 until his ...
's former general
Vespasian Vespasian (; ; 17 November AD 9 – 23 June 79) was Roman emperor from 69 to 79. The last emperor to reign in the Year of the Four Emperors, he founded the Flavian dynasty, which ruled the Empire for 27 years. His fiscal reforms and consolida ...
. * 1192
Richard I of England Richard I (8 September 1157 – 6 April 1199), known as Richard the Lionheart or Richard Cœur de Lion () because of his reputation as a great military leader and warrior, was King of England from 1189 until his death in 1199. He also ru ...
is captured and imprisoned by Leopold V of Austria on his way home to England after the
Third Crusade The Third Crusade (1189–1192) was an attempt led by King Philip II of France, King Richard I of England and Emperor Frederick Barbarossa to reconquer the Holy Land following the capture of Jerusalem by the Ayyubid sultan Saladin in 1187. F ...
. * 1334
Cardinal Cardinal or The Cardinal most commonly refers to * Cardinalidae, a family of North and South American birds **''Cardinalis'', genus of three species in the family Cardinalidae ***Northern cardinal, ''Cardinalis cardinalis'', the common cardinal of ...
Jacques Fournier, a
Cistercian The Cistercians (), officially the Order of Cistercians (, abbreviated as OCist or SOCist), are a Catholic religious order of monks and nuns that branched off from the Benedictines and follow the Rule of Saint Benedict, as well as the contri ...
monk, is elected Pope Benedict XII.


1601–1900

*
1803 Events January–March * January 1 – The first edition of Alexandre Balthazar Laurent Grimod de La Reynière's ''Almanach des gourmands'', the first guide to restaurant cooking, is published in Paris. * January 4 – William Symingt ...
– The
Louisiana Purchase The Louisiana Purchase () was the acquisition of the Louisiana (New France), territory of Louisiana by the United States from the French First Republic in 1803. This consisted of most of the land in the Mississippi River#Watershed, Mississipp ...
is completed at a ceremony in
New Orleans New Orleans (commonly known as NOLA or The Big Easy among other nicknames) is a Consolidated city-county, consolidated city-parish located along the Mississippi River in the U.S. state of Louisiana. With a population of 383,997 at the 2020 ...
. * 1808
Peninsular War The Peninsular War (1808–1814) was fought in the Iberian Peninsula by Kingdom of Portugal, Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom against the invading and occupying forces of the First French ...
: The Siege of Zaragoza begins. * 1832HMS ''Clio'' under the command of Captain Onslow arrives at Port Egmont under orders to take possession of the
Falkland Islands The Falkland Islands (; ), commonly referred to as The Falklands, is an archipelago in the South Atlantic Ocean on the Patagonian Shelf. The principal islands are about east of South America's southern Patagonian coast and from Cape Dub ...
. * 1848French presidential election: Having won the popular vote in a landslide, Louis Napoleon Bonaparte is inaugurated in the chamber of the
National Assembly In politics, a national assembly is either a unicameral legislature, the lower house of a bicameral legislature, or both houses of a bicameral legislature together. In the English language it generally means "an assembly composed of the repr ...
as the first (and only) president of the
French Second Republic The French Second Republic ( or ), officially the French Republic (), was the second republican government of France. It existed from 1848 until its dissolution in 1852. Following the final defeat of Napoleon, Napoleon Bonaparte at the Battle ...
. *
1860 Events January * January 2 – The astronomer Urbain Le Verrier announces the discovery of a hypothetical planet Vulcan (hypothetical planet), Vulcan at a meeting of the French Academy of Sciences in Paris, France. * January 10 &ndas ...
South Carolina South Carolina ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders North Carolina to the north and northeast, the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast, and Georgia (U.S. state), Georg ...
becomes the first state to attempt to secede from the United States with the South Carolina Declaration of Secession.


1901–present

* 1915
World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
: The last Australian troops are evacuated from Gallipoli. *
1917 Events Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix. January * January 9 – WWI – Battle of Rafa: The last substantial Ottoman Army garrison on the Sinai Peninsula is captured by the Egyptian Expeditionary Force's ...
Cheka, the first
Soviet The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...
secret police force, is founded. * 1924
Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was the dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his suicide in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the lea ...
is released from
Landsberg Prison Landsberg Prison is a prison in the town of Landsberg am Lech in the southwest of the German state of Bavaria, about west-southwest of Munich and south of Augsburg. It is best known as the prison where Adolf Hitler was held in 1924, after the ...
. *
1940 A calendar from 1940 according to the Gregorian calendar, factoring in the dates of Easter and related holidays, cannot be used again until the year 5280. Events Below, events related to World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January *Janu ...
– ''
Captain America Comics ''Captain America Comics'' is a comic book series featuring the superhero character Captain America. The series was originally published by Timely Comics from 1941 to 1950, with a brief revival by Atlas Comics (1950s), Atlas Comics in 1954. Pub ...
'' #1, containing the first appearance of the superhero
Captain America Captain America is a superhero created by Joe Simon and Jack Kirby who appears in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character first appeared in '' Captain America Comics'' #1, published on December 20, 1940, by Timely C ...
, is published. * 1941
World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
: First battle of the American Volunteer Group, better known as the "
Flying Tigers The First American Volunteer Group (AVG) of the Republic of China Air Force, nicknamed the Flying Tigers, was formed to help oppose the Japanese invasion of China. Operating in 1941–1942, it was composed of pilots from the United States Ar ...
", in
Kunming Kunming is the capital and largest city of the province of Yunnan in China. The political, economic, communications and cultural centre of the province, Kunming is also the seat of the provincial government. During World War II, Kunming was a Ch ...
, China. *
1942 The Uppsala Conflict Data Program project estimates this to be the deadliest year in human history in terms of conflict deaths, placing the death toll at 4.62 million. However, the Correlates of War estimates that the prior year, 1941, was th ...
– World War II: Japanese air forces bomb
Calcutta Kolkata, also known as Calcutta (List of renamed places in India#West Bengal, its official name until 2001), is the capital and largest city of the Indian States and union territories of India, state of West Bengal. It lies on the eastern ba ...
,
India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...
. *
1946 1946 (Roman numerals, MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1946th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 946th year of the 2nd millennium, the 46th year of the 20th centur ...
– '' It's a Wonderful Life'' premieres at the
Globe Theatre The Globe Theatre was a Theater (structure), theatre in London associated with William Shakespeare. It was built in 1599 at Southwark, close to the south bank of the Thames, by Shakespeare's playing company, the Lord Chamberlain's Men. It was ...
in New York to mixed reviews
[1
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/nowiki>* 1946 – 1946 Nankai earthquake">An earthquake in Nankaidō, Japan causes a tsunami which kills at least one thousand people and destroys 36,000 homes. *1948 – Indonesian National Revolution: The Dutch military Operation Kraai, captures Yogyakarta, the temporary capital of the newly formed Republic of Indonesia. *1951 – The Experimental Breeder Reactor I, EBR-1 in Arco, Idaho becomes the first
nuclear power plant A nuclear power plant (NPP), also known as a nuclear power station (NPS), nuclear generating station (NGS) or atomic power station (APS) is a thermal power station in which the heat source is a nuclear reactor. As is typical of thermal power st ...
to generate electricity. The electricity powered four light bulbs. *
1952 Events January–February * January 26 – Cairo Fire, Black Saturday in Kingdom of Egypt, Egypt: Rioters burn Cairo's central business district, targeting British and upper-class Egyptian businesses. * February 6 ** Princess Elizabeth, ...
– A
United States Air Force The United States Air Force (USAF) is the Air force, air service branch of the United States Department of Defense. It is one of the six United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States. Tracing its ori ...
C-124 crashes and burns in Moses Lake, Washington, killing 87 of the 115 people on board. * 1955
Cardiff Cardiff (; ) is the capital city, capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of Wales. Cardiff had a population of in and forms a Principal areas of Wales, principal area officially known as the City and County of Ca ...
is proclaimed the capital city of
Wales Wales ( ) is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is bordered by the Irish Sea to the north and west, England to the England–Wales border, east, the Bristol Channel to the south, and the Celtic ...
, United Kingdom. *
1957 Events January * January 1 – The Saarland joins West Germany. * January 3 – Hamilton Watch Company introduces the first electric watch. * January 5 – South African player Russell Endean becomes the first batsman to be Dismissal (cricke ...
– The initial production version of the
Boeing 707 The Boeing 707 is an early American long-range Narrow-body aircraft, narrow-body airliner, the first jetliner developed and produced by Boeing Commercial Airplanes. Developed from the Boeing 367-80 prototype, the initial first flew on Decembe ...
makes its first flight. * 1960
Vietnam War The Vietnam War (1 November 1955 – 30 April 1975) was an armed conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia fought between North Vietnam (Democratic Republic of Vietnam) and South Vietnam (Republic of Vietnam) and their allies. North Vietnam w ...
: The National Liberation Front of South Vietnam, popularly known as the Viet Cong, is formally established in Tân Lập village, present day Tây Ninh province. *
1967 Events January * January 1 – Canada begins a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of Canadian Confederation, Confederation, featuring the Expo 67 World's Fair. * January 6 – Vietnam War: United States Marine Corps and Army of ...
– A Pennsylvania Railroad Budd Metroliner exceeds on their New York Division, also present-day
Amtrak The National Railroad Passenger Corporation, Trade name, doing business as Amtrak (; ), is the national Passenger train, passenger railroad company of the United States. It operates intercity rail service in 46 of the 48 contiguous United Stat ...
's Northeast Corridor. * 1968 – The Zodiac Killer murders his first two officially confirmed victims, David Arthur Faraday and Betty Lou Jensen, on Lake Herman Road in Benicia, California, United States. *
1970 Events January * January 1 – Unix time epoch reached at 00:00:00 UTC. * January 5 – The 7.1 1970 Tonghai earthquake, Tonghai earthquake shakes Tonghai County, Yunnan province, China, with a maximum Mercalli intensity scale, Mercalli ...
Koza riot: After a series of hit-and-runs and other vehicular incidents involving American service personnel, roughly 5,000 Okinawans take to the streets, clashing with American law enforcement in protest against the U.S. occupation of Okinawa. *
1973 Events January * January 1 – The United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland and Denmark 1973 enlargement of the European Communities, enter the European Economic Community, which later becomes the European Union. * January 14 - The 16-0 19 ...
Assassination of Luis Carrero Blanco: A car bomb planted by ETA in
Madrid Madrid ( ; ) is the capital and List of largest cities in Spain, most populous municipality of Spain. It has almost 3.5 million inhabitants and a Madrid metropolitan area, metropolitan area population of approximately 7 million. It i ...
kills three people, including the
Prime Minister of Spain The prime minister of Spain, officially president of the Government (), is the head of government of Spain. The prime minister nominates the Spanish government departments, ministers and chairs the Council of Ministers (Spain), Council of Mini ...
, Admiral Luis Carrero Blanco. *
1977 Events January * January 8 – 1977 Moscow bombings, Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group. * January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (no ...
– With the approval of the State Council,
China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...
’s two largest newspapers, the '' People’s Daily'' and the '' Guangming Daily'', publish in full for the first time the Second Chinese Character Simplification Scheme. * 1984 – The Summit Tunnel fire, one of the largest transportation tunnel fires in history, burns after a freight train carrying over one million liters of
gasoline Gasoline ( North American English) or petrol ( Commonwealth English) is a petrochemical product characterized as a transparent, yellowish, and flammable liquid normally used as a fuel for spark-ignited internal combustion engines. When for ...
derails near the town of Todmorden, England, in the
Pennines The Pennines (), also known as the Pennine Chain or Pennine Hills, are a range of highland, uplands mainly located in Northern England. Commonly described as the "Vertebral column, backbone of England" because of its length and position, the ra ...
. * 1984 – Disappearance of Jonelle Matthews from Greeley, Colorado. Her remains were discovered on July 23, 2019, located about southeast of Jonelle's home. The cause of death "was a gunshot wound to the head." *
1985 The year 1985 was designated as the International Youth Year by the United Nations. Events January * January 1 ** The Internet's Domain Name System is created. ** Greenland withdraws from the European Economic Community as a result of a n ...
Pope John Paul II Pope John Paul II (born Karol Józef Wojtyła; 18 May 19202 April 2005) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 16 October 1978 until Death and funeral of Pope John Paul II, his death in 2005. In his you ...
announces the institution of
World Youth Day World Youth Day (WYD) is an event for the youth organized by the Catholic Church that was initiated by Pope John Paul II in 1985. Its concept has been influenced by the Light-Life Movement that has existed in Poland since the 1960s, where dur ...
. *
1987 Events January * January 1 – Bolivia reintroduces the Boliviano currency. * January 2 – Chadian–Libyan conflict – Battle of Fada: The Military of Chad, Chadian army destroys a Libyan armoured brigade. * January 3 – Afghan leader ...
– In the worst peacetime sea disaster, the passenger ferry '' Doña Paz'' sinks after colliding with the oil tanker MT ''Vector'' in the Tablas Strait of the
Philippines The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of List of islands of the Philippines, 7,641 islands, with a tot ...
, killing an estimated 4,000 people (1,749 official). * 1988War on drugs: The
United Nations The United Nations (UN) is the Earth, global intergovernmental organization established by the signing of the Charter of the United Nations, UN Charter on 26 June 1945 with the stated purpose of maintaining international peace and internationa ...
agrees upon and promulgates the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, one of three major drug control treaties currently in force. *
1989 1989 was a turning point in political history with the "Revolutions of 1989" which ended communism in Eastern Bloc of Europe, starting in Poland and Hungary, with experiments in power-sharing coming to a head with the opening of the Berlin W ...
– The United States invasion of Panama deposes Manuel Noriega. *
1991 It was the final year of the Cold War, which had begun in 1947. During the year, the Soviet Union Dissolution of the Soviet Union, collapsed, leaving Post-soviet states, fifteen sovereign republics and the Commonwealth of Independent State ...
– A Missouri court sentences the Palestinian militant Zein Isa and his wife Maria to death for the honor killing of their daughter Palestina. * 1995
NATO The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO ; , OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental organization, intergovernmental Transnationalism, transnational military alliance of 32 Member states of NATO, member s ...
begins peacekeeping in Bosnia. * 1995 – American Airlines Flight 965, a
Boeing 757 The Boeing 757 is an American Narrow-body aircraft, narrow-body airliner designed and built by Boeing Commercial Airplanes. The then-named 7N7, a twinjet successor for the trijet Boeing 727, 727, received its first orders in August 1978. The ...
, crashes into a mountain 50 km north of
Cali Santiago de Cali (), or Cali, is the capital of the Valle del Cauca department, and the most populous city in southwest Colombia, with 2,280,522 residents estimate by National Administrative Department of Statistics, DANE in 2023. The city span ...
,
Colombia Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country primarily located in South America with Insular region of Colombia, insular regions in North America. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Caribbean Sea to the north, Venezuel ...
, killing 159 of the 163 people on board. *
1999 1999 was designated as the International Year of Older Persons. Events January * January 1 – The euro currency is established and the European Central Bank assumes its full powers. * January 3 – The Mars Polar Lander is launc ...
Macau Macau or Macao is a special administrative regions of China, special administrative region of the People's Republic of China (PRC). With a population of about people and a land area of , it is the most List of countries and dependencies by p ...
is handed over to
China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...
by
Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe. Featuring Cabo da Roca, the westernmost point in continental Europe, Portugal borders Spain to its north and east, with which it share ...
. *
2004 2004 was designated as an International Year of Rice by the United Nations, and the International Year to Commemorate the Struggle Against Slavery and Its Abolition (by UNESCO). Events January * January 3 – Flash Airlines Flight 60 ...
– A gang of thieves steal £26.5 million worth of currency from the Donegall Square West headquarters of
Northern Bank Northern Bank Limited, trading as Danske Bank, is a retail bank in Northern Ireland. Northern Banking Company Limited was formed from a private bank, with the Deed of Partnership being signed on 1 August 1824. It is one of the oldest banks in ...
in
Belfast Belfast (, , , ; from ) is the capital city and principal port of Northern Ireland, standing on the banks of the River Lagan and connected to the open sea through Belfast Lough and the North Channel (Great Britain and Ireland), North Channel ...
,
Northern Ireland Northern Ireland ( ; ) is a Countries of the United Kingdom, part of the United Kingdom in the north-east of the island of Ireland. It has been #Descriptions, variously described as a country, province or region. Northern Ireland shares Repub ...
, United Kingdom, one of the largest
bank robberies Bank robbery is the criminal act of stealing from a bank, specifically while bank employees and customers are subjected to force, violence, or a threat of violence. This refers to robbery of a bank Branch (banking), branch or Bank teller, tel ...
in British history. *
2004 2004 was designated as an International Year of Rice by the United Nations, and the International Year to Commemorate the Struggle Against Slavery and Its Abolition (by UNESCO). Events January * January 3 – Flash Airlines Flight 60 ...
Cave Story releases to the public. *
2007 2007 was designated as the International Heliophysical Year and the International Polar Year. Events January * January 1 **Bulgaria and Romania 2007 enlargement of the European Union, join the European Union, while Slovenia joins the Eur ...
Elizabeth II Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 19268 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until Death and state funeral of Elizabeth II, her death in 2022. ...
becomes the oldest monarch in the history of the United Kingdom, surpassing
Queen Victoria Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until Death and state funeral of Queen Victoria, her death in January 1901. Her reign of 63 year ...
, who lived for 81 years and 243 days. * 2007 – The '' Portrait of Suzanne Bloch'' (1904), by the Spanish artist
Pablo Picasso Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, Ceramic art, ceramicist, and Scenic ...
, and ''O Lavrador de Café'' by Brazilian modernist painter Cândido Portinari, are stolen from the São Paulo Museum of Art in Brazil. Both will be recovered a few weeks later. *
2019 This was the year in which the first known human case of COVID-19 was documented, preceding COVID-19 pandemic, the pandemic which was declared by the World Health Organization the following year. Up to that point, 2019 had been described as ...
– The
United States Space Force The United States Space Force (USSF) is the space force branch of the United States Department of Defense. It is one of the six United States Armed Forces, armed forces of the United States and one of the eight uniformed services of the Unite ...
becomes the first new branch of the United States Armed Forces since 1947. *
2024 The year saw the list of ongoing armed conflicts, continuation of major armed conflicts, including the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Myanmar civil war (2021–present), Myanmar civil war, the Sudanese civil war (2023–present), Sudane ...
– Six people are killed and over 200 are injured when an anti-Islam activist drives a car into a crowd at a Christmas market in
Magdeburg Magdeburg (; ) is the Capital city, capital of the Germany, German States of Germany, state Saxony-Anhalt. The city is on the Elbe river. Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, Otto I, the first Holy Roman Emperor and founder of the Archbishopric of Mag ...
,
Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...
.


Births


Pre-1600

* 1494Oronce Finé, French mathematician and cartographer (died 1555) * 1496Joseph ha-Kohen, historian and physician (died 1575) * 1537John III, king of Sweden (died 1592) * 1576John Sarkander, Moravian priest and saint (died 1620)


1601–1900

* 1626Veit Ludwig von Seckendorff, German scholar and politician (died 1692) * 1629Pieter de Hooch, Dutch painter (died 1684) *
1641 Events January–March * January 4 – The stratovolcano Mount Parker (Philippines), Mount Parker in the Philippines has a major eruption. * January 14 – Battle of Malacca (1641), The Battle of Malacca concludes with the D ...
Urban Hjärne, Swedish chemist, geologist, and physician (died 1724) * 1740Arthur Lee, American physician and diplomat (died 1792) * 1786Pietro Raimondi, Italian composer (died 1853) *
1792 Events January–March * January 9 – The Treaty of Jassy ends the Russian Empire's war with the Ottoman Empire over Crimea. * January 25 – The London Corresponding Society is founded. * February 18 – Thomas Holcrof ...
Nicolas Toussaint Charlet, French painter and educator (died 1845) * 1806Martín Carrera, Mexican general and president (1855) (died 1871) * 1812Laura M. Hawley Thurston, American poet and educator (died 1842) * 1838
Edwin Abbott Abbott Edwin Abbott Abbott (20 December 1838 – 12 October 1926) was an English schoolmaster, theology, theologian, and Anglican priest, best known as the author of the novella ''Flatland'' (1884). Early life and education Edwin Abbott Abbott ...
, English theologian, author, and educator (died 1926) * 1841Ferdinand Buisson, French academic and politician,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; ; ) are awards administered by the Nobel Foundation and granted in accordance with the principle of "for the greatest benefit to humankind". The prizes were first awarded in 1901, marking the fifth anniversary of Alfred N ...
laureate (died 1932) * 1851
Knut Wicksell Johan Gustaf Knut Wicksell (December 20, 1851 – May 3, 1926) was a Swedish economist of the Stockholm school. He was professor at Uppsala University and Lund University. He made contributions to theories of population, value, capital and mon ...
, Swedish economist (died 1926) * 1861Ferdinand Bonn, German actor (died 1933) * 1861 – Ivana Kobilca, Slovenian painter (died 1926) * 1865Elsie de Wolfe, American actress and interior decorator (died 1950) * 1868Harvey Samuel Firestone, American businessman, founded the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company (died 1938) * 1869Charley Grapewin, American actor (died 1956) * 1871Henry Kimball Hadley, American composer and conductor (died 1937) * 1873Kan'ichi Asakawa, Japanese historian, author, and academic (died 1948) * 1873 – Mehmet Akif Ersoy, Turkish poet, academic, and politician (died 1936) * 1874Mary Ann Bevan, English
nurse Nursing is a health care profession that "integrates the art and science of caring and focuses on the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and human functioning; prevention of illness and injury; facilitation of healing; and alle ...
who, after developing
acromegaly Acromegaly is a disorder that results in excess growth of certain parts of the human body. It is caused by excess growth hormone (GH) after the growth plates have closed. The initial symptom is typically enlargement of the hands and feet. There ...
, toured the
circus A circus is a company of performers who put on diverse entertainment shows that may include clowns, acrobats, trained animals, trapeze acts, musicians, dancers, hoopers, tightrope walkers, jugglers, magicians, ventriloquists, and unicy ...
sideshow circuit as "the ugliest
woman A woman is an adult female human. Before adulthood, a female child or Adolescence, adolescent is referred to as a girl. Typically, women are of the female sex and inherit a pair of X chromosomes, one from each parent, and women with functi ...
in the world" *1881 – Branch Rickey, American baseball player and manager (died 1965) *1884 – Ruhana Kuddus, Indonesian activist and journalist (died 1972) *1886 – Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman, American tennis player and businessman (died 1974) *1888 – Yitzhak Baer, German-Israeli historian and academic (died 1980) * 1888 – Fred Merkle, American baseball player and manager (died 1956) *1890 – Yvonne Arnaud, French pianist, actress and singer (died 1958) * 1890 – Jaroslav Heyrovský, Czech chemist and academic, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1967) *1891 – Erik Almlöf, Swedish triple jumper (died 1971) *1894 – Robert Menzies, Australian lawyer and politician, 12th Prime Minister of Australia (died 1978) *1898 – Konstantinos Dovas, Greek general and politician, 156th List of Prime Ministers of Greece, Prime Minister of Greece (died 1973) * 1898 – Irene Dunne, American actress and singer (died 1990) *1899 – Martyn Lloyd-Jones, Welsh preacher and physician (died 1981) *1900 – Lissy Arna, German actress (died 1964) * 1900 – Gabby Hartnett, American baseball player and manager (died 1972)


1901–present

*1901 – Robert J. Van de Graaff, American physicist and academic, invented the Van de Graaff generator (died 1967) *1902 – Prince George, Duke of Kent (died 1942) * 1902 – Sidney Hook, American philosopher and author (died 1989) *1904 – Spud Davis, American baseball player, coach, and manager (died 1984) * 1904 – Yevgenia Ginzburg, Russian author (died 1977) *1905 – Bill O'Reilly (cricketer), Bill O'Reilly, Australian cricketer and sportscaster (died 1992) *1907 – Paul Francis Webster, American soldier and songwriter (died 1984) *1908 – Dennis Morgan, American actor and singer (died 1994) *1909 – Vakkom Majeed, Indian journalist and politician (died 2000) *1911 – Hortense Calisher, American author (died 2009) *1914 – Harry F. Byrd Jr., American lieutenant, publisher, and politician (died 2013) * 1915 – Aziz Nesin, Turkish author and poet (died 1995) *1916 – Michel Chartrand, Canadian trade union leader and activist (died 2010) *
1917 Events Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix. January * January 9 – WWI – Battle of Rafa: The last substantial Ottoman Army garrison on the Sinai Peninsula is captured by the Egyptian Expeditionary Force's ...
– David Bohm, American-English physicist, neuropsychologist, and philosopher (died 1992) * 1917 – Cahit Külebi, Turkish poet and author (died 1997) * 1917 – Audrey Totter, American actress (died 2013) *1918 – Jean Marchand, Canadian trade union leader and politician, 43rd Secretary of State for Canada (died 1988) *1920 – Väinö Linna, Finnish author (died 1992) *1921 – George Roy Hill, American director, producer, and screenwriter (died 2002) *1922 – Beverly Pepper, American sculptor and painter (died 2020) * 1922 – William Soeryadjaya, Chinese-Indonesian businessman and co-founder of Astra International (died 2010) * 1924 – Charlie Callas, American actor and comedian (died 2011) * 1924 – Judy LaMarsh, Canadian soldier, lawyer, and politician, 42nd Secretary of State for Canada (died 1980) *1925 – Benito Lorenzi, Italian footballer (died 2007) *1926 – Geoffrey Howe, Welsh lawyer and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (died 2015) * 1926 – Otto Graf Lambsdorff, German lawyer and politician, Federal Ministry of Economics and Energy, German Federal Minister of Economics (died 2009) *1927 – Michael Beaumont, 22nd Seigneur of Sark, English engineer and politician (died 2016) * 1927 – Jim Simpson (sportscaster), Jim Simpson, American sportscaster (died 2016) * 1927 – Kim Young-sam, South Korean soldier and politician, 7th President of South Korea (died 2015) *1928 – John Menkes, Austrian-American pediatric and writer (died 2008) *1929 – Don Sunderlage, American basketball player (died 1961) *1931 – Mala Powers, American actress (died 2007) *1932 – John Hillerman, American actor (died 2017) *1933 – Olavi Salonen, Finnish runner * 1933 – Rik Van Looy, Belgian cyclist (died 2024) *1935 – Khalid Ibadulla, Pakistani cricketer and sportscaster (died 2024) *1939 – Kathryn Joosten, American actress (died 2012) * 1939 – Kim Weston, American soul singer *
1942 The Uppsala Conflict Data Program project estimates this to be the deadliest year in human history in terms of conflict deaths, placing the death toll at 4.62 million. However, the Correlates of War estimates that the prior year, 1941, was th ...
– Rana Bhagwandas, Pakistani lawyer and judge, Chief Justice of Pakistan (died 2015) * 1942 – Bob Hayes, American sprinter and football player (died 2002) * 1942 – Jean-Claude Trichet, French banker and economist * 1942 – Roger Woodward, Australian classical pianist, composer, conductor, teacher and human rights activist. *1944 – Ray Martin (television presenter), Ray Martin, Australian television host and journalist *1945 – Peter Criss, American singer-songwriter, drummer, and producer * 1945 – Sivakant Tiwari, Indian-Singaporean lawyer and author (died 2010) *
1946 1946 (Roman numerals, MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1946th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 946th year of the 2nd millennium, the 46th year of the 20th centur ...
– Uri Geller, Israeli-English magician and psychic * 1946 – Bill Hosket Jr., American basketball player * 1946 – Sonny Perdue, American politician, 31st United States Secretary of Agriculture, 81st Governor of Georgia * 1946 – Dick Wolf, American director, producer, and screenwriter *1947 – Gigliola Cinquetti, Italian singer-songwriter *1948 – Alan Parsons, English keyboard player and producer * 1948 – Mitsuko Uchida, Japanese pianist *1949 – Soumaïla Cissé, Malian engineer and politician (died 2020) * 1949 – Cecil Cooper, American baseball player and manager *1950 – Arturo Márquez, Mexican-American composer *1951 – Nuala O'Loan, Baroness O'Loan, Northern Irish academic and police ombudsman * 1951 – Marta Russell, American author and activist (died 2013) *
1952 Events January–February * January 26 – Cairo Fire, Black Saturday in Kingdom of Egypt, Egypt: Rioters burn Cairo's central business district, targeting British and upper-class Egyptian businesses. * February 6 ** Princess Elizabeth, ...
– Jenny Agutter, English actress *1954 – Michael Badalucco, American actor * 1954 – Sandra Cisneros, American author and poet * 1955 – Martin Schulz, German politician * 1955 – Binali Yıldırım, Turkish lawyer and politician, Ministry of Transport, Maritime and Communication (Turkey), Turkish Minister of Transport *1956 – Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz, Mauritanian general and politician, List of heads of state of Mauritania, President of Mauritania * 1956 – Guy Babylon, American keyboard player and songwriter (died 2009) * 1956 – Blanche Baker, American actress and screenwriter * 1956 – Junji Hirata, Japanese wrestler * 1956 – Andrew Mackenzie (businessman), Andrew Mackenzie, Scottish geologist and businessman * 1956 – Anita Ward, American disco/R&B singer *
1957 Events January * January 1 – The Saarland joins West Germany. * January 3 – Hamilton Watch Company introduces the first electric watch. * January 5 – South African player Russell Endean becomes the first batsman to be Dismissal (cricke ...
– Billy Bragg, English singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1957 – Anna Vissi, Cypriot singer-songwriter and actress * 1957 – Mike Watt, American singer-songwriter and bass player *1958 – Doug Nordquist, American high jumper * 1958 – James Thomson (cell biologist), James Thomson, American biologist and academic *1959 – George Coupland, Scottish scientist * 1959 – Hildegard Körner, German runner * 1959 – Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz, Polish physicist and politician, 12th Prime Minister of Poland * 1960 – Nalo Hopkinson, Jamaican-Canadian author and educator * 1960 – Kim Ki-duk, South Korean director, producer, and screenwriter (died 2020) *1961 – Mohammad Fouad, Egyptian singer-songwriter and actor *1963 – Joel Gretsch, American actor *1966 – Veronica Pershina, Russian-American figure skater and coach * 1966 – Chris Robinson (singer), Chris Robinson, American singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1968 – Karl Wendlinger, Austrian racing driver *1969 – Alain de Botton, Swiss-English philosopher and author * 1969 – Zahra Ouaziz, Moroccan runner *
1970 Events January * January 1 – Unix time epoch reached at 00:00:00 UTC. * January 5 – The 7.1 1970 Tonghai earthquake, Tonghai earthquake shakes Tonghai County, Yunnan province, China, with a maximum Mercalli intensity scale, Mercalli ...
– Nicole de Boer, Canadian actress * 1970 – Grant Flower, Zimbabwean cricketer and coach * 1970 – Jörg Schmidt (footballer), Jörg Schmidt, German footballer *1972 – Jan Čaloun, Czech ice hockey player * 1972 – Anders Odden, Norwegian guitarist, songwriter, and producer *1974 – Die (musician), Die, Japanese guitarist, songwriter, and producer *1975 – Bartosz Bosacki, Polish footballer *1976 – Nenad Vučković (footballer), Nenad Vučković, Croatian footballer *1978 – Yoon Kye-sang, South Korean singer * 1978 – Andrei Markov (ice hockey), Andrei Markov, Russian-Canadian ice hockey player * 1978 – Geremi Njitap, Cameroon footballer * 1978 – Bouabdellah Tahri, French runner *1979 – Michael Rogers (cyclist), Michael Rogers, Australian cyclist *1980 – Israel Castro, Mexican footballer * 1980 – Ashley Cole, English footballer * 1980 – Anthony da Silva, French-Portuguese footballer * 1980 – Martín Demichelis, Argentine footballer *1981 – Royal Ivey, American basketball player and coach * 1981 – James Shields (baseball), James Shields, American baseball player *1982 – Mohammad Asif (cricketer), Mohammad Asif, Pakistani cricketer * 1982 – David Cook (singer), David Cook, American singer-songwriter * 1982 – Kasper Klausen, Danish footballer * 1982 – David Wright, American baseball player *1983 – Jonah Hill, American actor, producer, and screenwriter * 1984 – Bob Morley, Australian actor * 1984 – David Tavaré, Spanish singer and DJ *1986 – Chay Genoway, Canadian ice hockey player *
1987 Events January * January 1 – Bolivia reintroduces the Boliviano currency. * January 2 – Chadian–Libyan conflict – Battle of Fada: The Military of Chad, Chadian army destroys a Libyan armoured brigade. * January 3 – Afghan leader ...
– Malcolm Jenkins, American football player *1990 – JoJo (singer), JoJo, American singer and actress * 1990 – Marta Xargay, Spanish basketball player *
1991 It was the final year of the Cold War, which had begun in 1947. During the year, the Soviet Union Dissolution of the Soviet Union, collapsed, leaving Post-soviet states, fifteen sovereign republics and the Commonwealth of Independent State ...
– Rachael Boyle, Scottish footballer * 1991 – Jorginho (footballer, born December 1991), Jorginho, Brazilian footballer * 1991 – Jillian Rose Reed, American actress * 1991 – Fabian Schär, Swiss footballer *1992 – Ksenia Makarova, Russian-American figure skater *1993 – Andrea Belotti, Italian footballer * 1993 – Robeisy Ramírez, Cuban boxer *1994 – Calvin Ridley, American football player * 1995 – Anžejs Pasečņiks, Latvian basketball player * 1995 – Christian Wilkins, American football player *1996 – Jarrod Bowen, English football player *1997 – De'Aaron Fox, American basketball player * 1997 – Suzuka Nakamoto, Japanese singer *1998 – Kylian Mbappé, French footballer *2000 – Gaboro, Assyrian Swedish rapper and songwriter (died 2024) *2001 – Facundo Pellistri, Uruguayan footballer * 2001 – Sepp van den Berg, Dutch footballer *2002 – Marcelo Pitaluga, Brazilian footballer


Deaths


Pre-1600

* AD 69, 69 – Titus Flavius Sabinus (consul AD 47), Titus Flavius Sabinus, a Roman people, Roman politician and soldier * 217 – Pope Zephyrinus, Zephyrinus, pope of the Catholic Church * 910 – Alfonso III of Asturias, Alfonso III, king of Asturias * 977 – Fujiwara no Kanemichi, Japanese statesman (born 925) *1295 – Margaret of Provence, French queen (born 1221) *1326 – Saint Peter of Moscow, Peter of Moscow, Russian metropolitan bishop *1340 – John I, Duke of Bavaria, John I, duke of Bavaria (born 1329) *1355 – Stefan Dušan, emperor of Serbia (born 1308) *1539 – Johannes Lupi, Flemish composer (born 1506) *1552 – Katharina von Bora, wife of Martin Luther (born 1499) *1590 – Ambroise Paré, French physician and surgeon (born 1510)


1601–1900

*1658 – Jean Jannon, French designer and typefounder (born 1580) *1722 – Kangxi Emperor, Kangxi, emperor of the Qing Dynasty (born 1654) *1723 – Augustus Quirinus Rivinus, German physician and botanist (born 1652) * 1740 – Richard Boyle, 2nd Viscount Shannon, English field marshal and politician, Governor of Portsmouth (born 1675) *1765 – Louis, Dauphin of France (son of Louis XV), Louis, dauphin of France (born 1729) *1768 – Carlo Innocenzo Frugoni, Italian poet and academic (born 1692) *1783 – Antonio Soler (composer), Antonio Soler, Spanish priest and composer (born 1729) * 1812 – Sacagawea, American explorer (born 1788) *1820 – John Bell (farmer), John Bell, American farmer (born 1750) *1849 – Kyai Maja, Javanese ulama and commander of Java War (born 1792) *1856 – Francesco Bentivegna, Italian activist (born 1820) *1862 – Robert Knox (surgeon), Robert Knox, Scottish surgeon and zoologist (born 1791) *1880 – Gaspar Tochman, Polish-American colonel and lawyer (born 1797) *1893 – George C. Magoun, American businessman (born 1840)


1901–present

* 1915 – Upendrakishore Ray, Indian painter and composer (born 1863) *1916 – Arthur Morgan (Queensland politician), Arthur Morgan, Australian politician, 16th Premier of Queensland (born 1856) *
1917 Events Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix. January * January 9 – WWI – Battle of Rafa: The last substantial Ottoman Army garrison on the Sinai Peninsula is captured by the Egyptian Expeditionary Force's ...
– Lucien Petit-Breton, French-Argentinian cyclist (born 1882) *1919 – Philip Fysh, English-Australian politician, 12th Premier of Tasmania (born 1835) *1920 – Linton Hope, English sailor and architect (born 1863) *1921 – Julius Richard Petri, German microbiologist (born 1852) *1925 – João Ferreira Sardo, the founder of Gafanha da Nazaré, also known as Prior Sardo (born 1873). *1927 – Frederick Semple, American golfer and tennis player (born 1872) *1929 – Émile Loubet, French lawyer and politician, 8th President of France (born 1838) *1935 – Martin O'Meara, Irish-Australian sergeant, Victoria Cross recipient (born 1882) *1937 – Erich Ludendorff, German general (born 1865) *1938 – Annie Armstrong, American missionary (born 1850) * 1938 – Lida Howell, American archer (born 1859) *1939 – Hans Langsdorff, German captain (born 1894) * 1941 – Igor Severyanin, Russian-Estonian poet and author (born 1887) *1950 – Enrico Mizzi, Maltese lawyer and politician, 6th Prime Minister of Malta (born 1885) *1954 – James Hilton (novelist), James Hilton, English-American author and screenwriter (born 1900) *1956 – Ramón Carrillo, Argentinian neurologist and physician (born 1906) *1959 – Juhan Simm, Estonian composer and conductor (born 1885) *1961 – Moss Hart, American director and playwright (born 1904) * 1961 – Earle Page, Australian soldier and politician, 11th Prime Minister of Australia (born 1880) * 1968 – John Steinbeck, American novelist and short story writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1902) *1971 – Roy O. Disney, American banker and businessman, co-founded The Walt Disney Company (born 1893) *1972 – Adolfo Orsi, Italian businessman (born 1888) *
1973 Events January * January 1 – The United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland and Denmark 1973 enlargement of the European Communities, enter the European Economic Community, which later becomes the European Union. * January 14 - The 16-0 19 ...
Luis Carrero Blanco, Spanish admiral and politician, 69th President of the Government of Spain (born 1904; assassinated) * 1973 – Bobby Darin, American singer-songwriter and actor (born 1936) *1974 – Rajani Palme Dutt, English journalist and politician (born 1896) * 1974 – André Jolivet, French composer and conductor (born 1905) *1976 – Richard J. Daley, American lawyer and politician, 48th Mayor of Chicago (born 1902) *1976 – Soetardjo Kartohadikusumo, Indonesian politician, 1st Governor of West Java (born 1890) *1981 – Dimitris Rontiris, Greek actor and director (born 1899) *1982 – Arthur Rubinstein, Polish-American pianist and composer (born 1887) * 1984 – Stanley Milgram, American psychologist and academic (born 1933) * 1984 – Dmitry Ustinov, Minister of Defence of the Soviet Union, Minister of Defence of the Soviet Union (1976–84) (born 1908) *1986 – Joe DeSa, American baseball player (born 1959) *
1991 It was the final year of the Cold War, which had begun in 1947. During the year, the Soviet Union Dissolution of the Soviet Union, collapsed, leaving Post-soviet states, fifteen sovereign republics and the Commonwealth of Independent State ...
– Simone Beck, French chef and author (born 1904) * 1991 – Samuel Rabin (artist), Sam Rabin, English wrestler, singer, and sculptor (born 1903) * 1991 – Albert Van Vlierberghe, Belgian cyclist (born 1942) *1993 – W. Edwards Deming, American statistician, author, and academic (born 1900) * 1993 – Nazife Güran, Turkish composer and educator (born 1921) *1994 – Dean Rusk, American lawyer, and politician, 54th United States Secretary of State (born 1909) * 1995 – Madge Sinclair, Jamaican-American actress (born 1938) *1996 – Carl Sagan, American astronomer, astrophysicist, and cosmologist (born 1934) *1997 – Denise Levertov, English-American poet and translator (born 1923) * 1997 – Dick Spooner, English cricketer (born 1919) * 1997 – Dawn Steel, American film producer (born 1946) *1998 – Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, English physiologist and biophysicist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1916) *
1999 1999 was designated as the International Year of Older Persons. Events January * January 1 – The euro currency is established and the European Central Bank assumes its full powers. * January 3 – The Mars Polar Lander is launc ...
– Riccardo Freda, Egyptian-Italian director and screenwriter (born 1909) * 1999 – Hank Snow, Canadian-American singer-songwriter and guitarist (born 1914) *2001 – Léopold Sédar Senghor, Senegalese poet and politician, 1st President of Senegal (born 1906) *2005 – Raoul Bott, Hungarian-American mathematician and academic (born 1923) *2006 – Anne Rogers Clark, American dog breeder and trainer (born 1929) *2008 – Adrian Mitchell, English author, poet, and playwright (born 1932) * 2008 – Robert Mulligan, American director and producer (born 1925) * 2008 – Igor Troubetzkoy, Russian aristocrat and racing driver (born 1912) *2009 – Brittany Murphy, American actress and singer (born 1977) * 2009 – Arnold Stang, American actor (born 1918) *2010 – K. P. Ratnam, Sri Lankan academic and politician (born 1914) *2011 – Barry Reckord, Jamaican playwright and screenwriter (born 1926) *2012 – Stan Charlton, English footballer and manager (born 1929) * 2012 – Robert Juniper, Australian painter and sculptor (born 1929) * 2012 – Victor Merzhanov, Russian pianist and educator (born 1919) *2013 – Pyotr Bolotnikov, Russian runner (born 1930) *2014 – Per-Ingvar Brånemark, Swedish surgeon and academic (born 1929) * 2014 – John Freeman (British politician), John Freeman, English lawyer, politician, and diplomat, List of Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to the United States, British Ambassador to the United States (born 1915) *2020 – Fanny Waterman, British pianist (born 1920) * 2020 – Ezra Vogel, American sociologist (born 1930) *2022 – Franco Harris, American football player (born 1950) *
2024 The year saw the list of ongoing armed conflicts, continuation of major armed conflicts, including the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Myanmar civil war (2021–present), Myanmar civil war, the Sudanese civil war (2023–present), Sudane ...
– Casey Chaos, American singer (born 1965) *2024 – George Eastham, English footballer (born 1936) *2024 – Rickey Henderson, American baseball player (born 1958)


Holidays and observances

*Abolition of Slavery Day, also known as ''Cafres, Fête des Cafres'' (Réunion, French Guiana) *Bo Aung Kyaw Day (Myanmar) *Christian Calendar of saints, feast day: **Dominic of Silos **O Clavis **Ursicinus of Saint-Ursanne **Katharina von Bora (Lutheran) **December 20 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) *Earliest date for Winter solstice's eve (Northern Hemisphere), and its related observances: **Yaldā (Iran) *International Human Solidarity Day (International observance, International) *Macau Special Administrative Region Establishment Day (
Macau Macau or Macao is a special administrative regions of China, special administrative region of the People's Republic of China (PRC). With a population of about people and a land area of , it is the most List of countries and dependencies by p ...
)


References


External links


BBC: On This Day
*
Historical Events on December 20
{{months Days of December