David Hunt (planter)
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David Hunt (October 22, 1779 – May 18, 1861) was an American planter based in the Natchez District of Mississippi. From
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in approximately 1800, he took a job in his uncle Abijah Hunt's Mississippi business. After his uncle's untimely 1811 death, as a beneficiary and as the executor of the estate, he began to convert the estate into his plantation empire. By the time of the 1860 slave census, Hunt owned over 500
enslaved Africans Slavery has historically been widespread in Africa. Systems of servitude and slavery were once commonplace in parts of Africa, as they were in much of the rest of the Ancient history, ancient and Post-classical history, medieval world. When t ...
. Had he not given approximately 500
enslaved Africans Slavery has historically been widespread in Africa. Systems of servitude and slavery were once commonplace in parts of Africa, as they were in much of the rest of the Ancient history, ancient and Post-classical history, medieval world. When t ...
to his children, he would have had over 1,000. He gave each of his five adult children at least one plantation and about 100 slaves. In fact, Hunt and his five adult children and their spouses owned some 1,700 slaves by 1860. Known as "King David," Hunt made a fortune in cotton production and sales. He was one of twelve millionaires residing near
Natchez, Mississippi Natchez ( ) is the only city in and the county seat of Adams County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 14,520 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census. Located on the Mississippi River across from Vidalia, Louisiana, Natchez was ...
, at a time when there only were 35 millionaires in the entire United States. He became a major philanthropist in the South, contributing to educational institutions in Mississippi, as well as the
American Colonization Society The American Colonization Society (ACS), initially the Society for the Colonization of Free People of Color of America, was an American organization founded in 1816 by Robert Finley to encourage and support the repatriation of freeborn peop ...
and Mississippi Colonization Society, the latter of which he was a founding member.


Biography


Early life in New Jersey

David Hunt was born on October 22, 1779, on a farm near
Ringoes, New Jersey Ringoes is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located within East Amwell Township in Hunterdon County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The community is served by the United States Postal Service as ZIP Code 08551 a ...
.Dunbar Hunt,

," '' The Fayette Chronicle'', 29 May 1908, Volume XLI, Number 35.
It was west and in the country compared to the capital of
Trenton, New Jersey Trenton is the List of capitals in the United States, capital city of the U.S. state of New Jersey and the county seat of Mercer County, New Jersey, Mercer County. It was the federal capital, capital of the United States from November 1 until D ...
. He had a brother, Andrew Hunt, and several half siblings from his father Jonathan's second marriage. They were descendants of Ralph Hunt the line being Ralph, Edward, Jonathan, Jonathan, Jonathan.


Plantation Empire in the Natchez District

David Hunt's uncle Abijah Hunt (1762-1811) had become wealthy as a merchant to the Army at Fort Washington in
Cincinnati, Ohio Cincinnati ( ; colloquially nicknamed Cincy) is a city in Hamilton County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. Settled in 1788, the city is located on the northern side of the confluence of the Licking River (Kentucky), Licking and Ohio Ri ...
and later in every area of cotton related business in the
Natchez District The Natchez District was one of two areas established in the Kingdom of Great Britain's British West Florida, West Florida colony during the 1770sthe other being the Tombigbee District. The first Anglo settlers in the district came primarily fro ...
. Abijah lived in Old Greenville, Jefferson County, Mississippi. David moved as a young man to the
Natchez District The Natchez District was one of two areas established in the Kingdom of Great Britain's British West Florida, West Florida colony during the 1770sthe other being the Tombigbee District. The first Anglo settlers in the district came primarily fro ...
in approximately 1800. He laid claim to 200 acres on Coles Creek in Jefferson County where he lived and cultivated the land beginning in the spring of 1800.May Wilson McBee, ''The Natchez Court Records, 1767-1805: Abstracts of Early Records'', Baltimore, Maryland: Reprinted for Clearfield Co., Inc. by Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., 1994, 2003, p. 51

This land was near Greenville. In addition to working his land, David also worked as a clerk in one of his uncle's stores - probably in the nearby (now extinct) town of Old Greenville, Mississippi, Old Greenville. In his third year, David was promoted to a position managing all of his uncle's stores, which were along the Old Natchez Trace at Natchez in Adams County, Greenville in Jefferson County and at the Grindstone Ford in Claiborne County. It made sense for Abijah and David to live in the Greenville area because it was in approximately equidistance between Abijah's Natchez and Grindstone Ford stores along the Old Natchez Trace. David's salary was, consequently, increased from $200 per year to $3,000 per year due to this promotion. Now he could more quickly expand his enslaved African and land purchases. He married Thomas Calvit's daughter - Mary Calvit - in 1808 and moved to her parents' Calviton Plantation, which was near Old Greenville and David's uncle's Jefferson County plantation called Huntley. Soon after, Mary died in childbirth, and her new child died too. David's Uncle Abijah died in a duel in 1811. After his uncle's 1811 death, David inherited his uncle's extensive land investments and his share in various businesses (general stores, public cotton gins, and a cotton brokerage). Shortly, in 1813 David built a new house on his Woodlawn Plantation, which adjoined Calviton, and in 1817 married Ann Ferguson. Abijah's estate included more than just the land investments and various businesses. From Abijah's estate inventory, land records and enslaved African censuses, it appears that he had two plantations in total at his death with about 30 enslaved Africans on each. These were Hunt Plantation on the east side of Port Gibson in Claiborne County and Huntley Plantation near the now extinct town of Greenville in Jefferson County. He also had a home in Greenville with a few enslaved house servants, as well as a nice library (which found its way to David's estate). Though David only inherited a very small share of the two plantations and Greenville home, he seems to have acquired most or all of it. As an executor of his uncle's estate, from probate records it appears that David slowly used the profits of the two plantations - rather than selling them - as well as profits from his big inheritance to pay off the other heirs. This helped him to be able to buy out his Uncle's business partners, and sell the businesses to create a large inventory of plantations.Gary D. Joiner, Cheryl H. White, ''Historic Haunts of Shreveport'', The History Press, 2010, pp. 73-7

/ref> Thus, shrewdly using this large inheritance from his Uncle is how David became one of the twelve millionaires in the Natchez area in the antebellum era. It seems to have taken being a rich doctor, lawyer, merchant, banker or having a large inheritance to ever have the wealth necessary to build up more than just one plantation. David and his children eventually owned many plantations. David Hunt's enslaved African ownership numbers from census data in various years: * 1805 - Jefferson County, MS, 9 * 1808 - Jefferson County, MS, 11 * 1810 - Jefferson County, MS, 24 (also David's father-in-law Thomas Calvit, 50 enslaved and 3,050 acres on Coles Creek and the MS. River) *1811 - David Inherited from his Uncle Abijah: well over 10,000 acres of land in Adams (including Franklin), Jefferson, and Claiborne Counties in Mississippi; and in Concordia and Tensas Parishes in Louisiana. He also was executor for two plantations with approximately 30 enslaved each - Huntley in Jefferson County and Hunt Plantation adjacent to Port Gibson, Claiborne County. David inherited the land comprising these plantations and possibly slowly bought the enslaved, livestock and equipment as he settled his uncle's estate, which was still being settled in 1838. * 1816 - Jefferson County, MS, 31 (During the War of 1812 when many firms went bankrupt and could be purchased cheaply, David had bought out the other heirs to his uncle's stores. He later sold the stores making $30,000, and invested in a plantation on the Bayou Pierre, probably in Claiborne County. Possibly this was David investing in his uncle's former plantation that was adjacent to Port Gibson and the Bayou Pierre. However, it was sold before very many years, because David was not listed as having slaves in Claiborne County in later years.) * 1818 - Jefferson County, MS, 70 * 1820 - Jefferson County, MS, 101. Some of the details of this follow. 776 acres which was Fatlands Plantation (also known as Flatlands) on the north side of Dowds Creek with 43 enslaved, 636 acres on Coles Creek known as the Hunt Place, and the 880-acre Black Creek Plantation (which was mainly valuable for its cypress trees). 50 slaves were shared between the Hunt Place (Woodlawn) and Black Creek Plantation. * 1827 - Jefferson County, MS, 159 enslaved worth $47,800, 7,968 acres worth $78,975, 212 horses and cattle worth $4,460, 6 wheels of pleasure carriages, $3,000 loaned at interest, assessed for tax purposes on $134,235. * 1860 - Jefferson County, MS, 386 shared between Woodlawn, Southside and Brick Quarters, Fatlands, and Black Creek; Concordia Parish, LA, Hole-in-the-Wall 99; Issaquena County, MS, 82 on Wilderness Plantation; Tensas Parish, LA, 139 on Argyle - in trust for grandchildren by his son Abijah. Thus, he had 567 enslaved if the 139 Argyle enslaved are already being counted as belonging to his grandchildren. Otherwise, he had 706 on seven plantations. Of course, it has been written that by this time he had given away another 500 enslaved and at least five plantations (but most likely eight plantations) to his children - Mary Ann, Abijah, George, Catherine and Charlotte. In addition to the many plantations listed below, the Hunt family is also assiciated with the following plantations: Waverly, Fatherland, Fairview, Oak Burn, Givin Place and others.Harnett T. Kane, ''Natchez on the Mississippi'', New York: William Morrow & Company, 1947, p. 174-189 Approximately, by 1860 the Hunt clan (David Hunt, his children and their spouses) had built up to at least 450 enslaved in Issaquena County (including William Balfour's Fairland), 359 enslaved in Louisiana, 25 enslaved in Adams County, and 750 enslaved in Jefferson County (Including Edgar Wood's Givin Place). Thus, Hunt clan ownership of between 1,600 to 1,700
enslaved Africans Slavery has historically been widespread in Africa. Systems of servitude and slavery were once commonplace in parts of Africa, as they were in much of the rest of the Ancient history, ancient and Post-classical history, medieval world. When t ...
is not an exaggeration. From loans to his children in David Hunt's probate records and from land inherited and purchased by David that went to his children, it is clear that David was bankrolling the aggressive expansion of the family cotton plantation empire with each year's plantation profits. * Jefferson County. In 1862 David's approximately 375 Jefferson County enslaved Africans were shared between Woodlawn (123 enslaved), Brick Quarters (sometimes called Southside and Brick Quarters - 128 enslaved), Fatlands (approximately 121 enslaved), and Black Creek (3 enslaved). Only three enslaved Africans were on Black Creek - possibly because it was mostly a cypress swamp. The enslaved are listed by name in the probate records on the Family Search website. Other Jefferson County plantations that David Hunt was associated with included: Calviton, Huntley, Ashland, Oakwood, Buena Vista, and Servis Island. These were plantations that David bought, created or inherited and gave to his children or plantations that others created on land that David sold to them. **Plantations David still owned in Jefferson County when he died in 1861. *** Woodlawn Plantation (Jefferson County, Mississippi), Woodlawn. Woodlawn was David Hunt's home plantation. Probate records show 123 enslaved by 1862. David's Woodlawn home is dated 1813, which is shortly after his Uncle Abijah's death. After inheriting Huntley, land records show that David purchased about 300 acres adjoining Calviton for his Woodlawn house and much more land over the years, which eventually created the plantation and connected it to Huntley Plantation as well. Calviton and Huntley were given to David's sons Adijah and George, respectively. Woodlawn was on Cole's Creek, seven miles south of the town of Rodney. It was about 1,500 acres when it was sold to the Wagners after the Hunts owned it. It was then increased to 2,200 acres. *** Brick Quarters Plantation. The Brick Quarters enslaved count was 128 in 1862 probate records. It was sometimes referred to as Southside or Southside and Brick Quarters in later years when it was expanded to the Mississippi River and to adjoin Fatlands Plantation on the southside of Dowd's creek. It adjoined Calviton Plantation. David Hunt's son Dunbar inherited Southside after the Civil War. Dunbar had more than 50 acres of pecan trees there. He sold one crop to the Hotel Waldorf in New York for one dollar per pound. Southside was 2,200 acres. Southside and Brick Quarters was located on maps in and around Sections 28-29-38 T10N-R1W. *** Fatlands Plantation. It was on the north side of Dowds Creek opposite Southside Plantation. It was also on the Mississippi River - just south of the town of Rodney. In 1862 probate records, the plantation had 121 enslaved. ***Black Creek Plantation. It possibly contained 3,200 acres located on Coles Creek near the Mississippi River. It was given to David Hunt's daughter Elizabeth when she married William F. Ogden after the Civil War. Its main value was in its cypress trees. Thus, it was probably swampy, and only had 3 enslaved in 1862 probate records. It was put into a trust for Elizabeth's children. Black Creek Plantation was located on maps in and around Sections 39-40 T10N-R1W. **Oakwood. David gave his daughter Mary Ann Hunt and her husband James Archer Oakwood Plantation for their home. Census records show that they had 98 enslaved in the county in 1860. The house was large with wings on each side. Between 1840 and 1860 Mr. Archer ran a school there for the area youngsters. The plantation started with 1,000 acres and was enlarged to 2,000 acres. Oakwood was located on maps in and around Section 27 T8N-R1W. **Calviton. It adjoined Woodlawn and was Thomas Calvit's Plantation. David Hunt's wife Mary Calvit was Thomas Calvit's daughter. David lived on Calviton while he was married to Mary. David later bought the plantation. David gave it to his son Abijah. Abijah died, and his widow married Edgar G. Wood who also owned Wilkin Place. They had 88 enslaved on Calviton and 156 on Wilkin Place in the 1860 census. Calviton Plantation was located on maps in and around Section 47 T10N-R1W. ** Huntley. It was inherited by David from his Uncle Abijah when it had about 30 enslaved. David gave it to his son George Ferguson Hunt when he married Anna Watson, daughter of James Watson. It had 59 enslaved in the 1860 census. Huntley was located on maps in and around Sections 10 T9N-R1E & Sect 3-26 T9N-R1W. It adjoined Woodlawn Plantation on the opposite side of Cole's Creek. **Buena Vista.
Zachary Taylor Zachary Taylor (November 24, 1784 – July 9, 1850) was an American military officer and politician who was the 12th president of the United States, serving from 1849 until his death in 1850. Taylor was a career officer in the United States ...
bought the approximately 2,000-acre Buena Vista Plantation (also known as Cypress Grove Plantation), which bordered Ashland Plantation and was formed on the land of David Hunt and others. It was located about ten miles south of Rodney on the
Mississippi River The Mississippi River is the main stem, primary river of the largest drainage basin in the United States. It is the second-longest river in the United States, behind only the Missouri River, Missouri. From its traditional source of Lake Ita ...
. President Taylor and his son Richard "Dick" Taylor - later a Confederate General - visited Hunt's residence on Woodlawn Plantation. Buena Vista was located on maps in and around T10N-R2W. **Ashland and Servis Island Plantations. They were sold to David Servis, making him very rich. He had probably worked helping David Hunt manage his plantations previously. Ashland was located on maps in and around Sect-13-14 T10N-R2W on the Mississippi River. * His Adams County plantations came from his wife Ann Ferguson Hunt's ancestors. ** Lansdowne, located three miles north of Natchez (on what is now highway 555 - M.L. King Road); David gave the land to his daughter Charlotte when she married George Marshall. Because Marshall's father was also one of the Natchez millionaires like David Hunt, George and Charlotte could afford to operate Lansdowne as a residence and hunting estate before the Civil War, with 16 enslaved in 1860. It became a plantation after the War because their larger Arcola plantation had been lost. ** Homewood, which adjoined Lansdowne. It was located on Pine Ridge Road, now M.L. King Road, in the northern suburbs of Natchez. David gave the land to his daughter Catherine when she married William Balfour. Balfour's father was rich enough to give several of his children large plantations like David Hunt did for his children, so William and Catherine too were able to just operate Homewood as a residence and hunting estate before the Civil War with 9 enslaved. Balfour also had the large Fairland Plantation in Issaquena County. **Oakley Grove, located nine miles northeast of Natchez. Oakley Grove was Ann's grandfather, Robert Dunbar's, home at the site of the current Adams County airport. He had previously lived in a house at the Lansdowne mansion site which had burned. He was the patriarch of the rich country Dunbar planter clan in the area. Possibly this plantation never belonged to the Hunt's, or they only inherited a partial share. * His
Issaquena County Issaquena County (, '' ISS-ə-KWEEN-ə'') is a county located in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2020 Census, its population was 1,338, making it the least populous county in the United States east of the Mississippi River. Its count ...
plantations were: **Wilderness Plantation, located on the Mississippi River near Mayerville; David's son Andrew was given Wilderness; however, the plantation reverted back to David, because Andrew died as a young adult. David's son Dunbar got it when his father died. The plantation had 2,500 acres with about 1,200 under cultivation. It had 82 enslaved Africans in 1860. **Georgiana Plantation, located on Deer Creek south of Rolling Fork. David gave his son George Hunt the Georgiana Plantation along with Huntley Plantation. In the 1860 census, the plantation had 147 enslaved in 26 houses. The manager's house has been restored. It was to the east of Lockwood. **Lockwood. George also owned 400 acres on the Mississippi River in Issaquena County close to Tallulah known as Lochwood. In the 1860 census, the property had 13 slaves in 9 houses. It adjoined George's brother-in-law William Balfour's much larger Fairland Plantation. It had an almost identical manager's house as the one on Georgiana, but it has since been lost in a tornado. * The Hunt Family Louisiana plantations. Bureau of Land Management survey maps show that David Hunt's Uncle Abijah Hunt and his partners originally purchased the core land for these plantations. David wound up with the land after his uncle's 1811 death. Census records don't indicate that Abijah owned any enslaved Africans in Louisiana. **Arcola, located just south of the town of
Waterproof, Louisiana Waterproof is a village in Tensas Parish in northeastern Louisiana, United States with a population of 541 as of the 2020 census. In 2010, 91.7 percent of the village population was African American. Some 24 percent of Waterproof residents ...
, in Tensas Parish near the Mississippi River and Hole-in-the-Wall Plantation. It was given to David's daughter Charlotte when she married George Marshall along with Lansdowne Plantation. Arcola was lost after the Civil War, so Lansdowne then had to be converted from a hunting estate to a plantation by the Marshalls. As of 2025, the Marshall descendants still live in the Lansdowne mansion. **Argyle and Belle Ella. They were adjoining plantations, located to the west of Waterproof, and were also in Tensas Parish; Statistics for Argyle Plantation in 1860 follow. ***The plantation was in a trust for David Hunt's then deceased son Abijah's children who lived on Calviton Plantation. ***135 enslaved Africans in 30 houses ***Real estate value is $120,000 and personal property value is $109,600 ***1,000 improved acres and 1,400 unimproved acres ***2 horses, 34 asses and mules, 10 milch cows, 14 working oxen, 20 other cattle, $4,510 livestock value ***5,000 bushels of Indian corn, 750 bales of cotton at 400 pounds each, 120 pounds of wool, 200 bushels of peas and beans, $50 in slaughtered meat **Hole in the Wall, located on the Mississippi River on Maxwell Road in northern Concordia Parish, Louisiana Hole in the Wall was given to David's daughter Elizabeth after the Civil War when she married William F. Ogden, son of Abner Nash Ogden, along with Black Creek Plantation. The following is information about Hole in the Wall plantation in 1860 *** 99 Enslaved Africans in 16 dwellings *** 700 acres of improved land and 365 acres of unimproved land *** Real estate valued at $78,250, Farm implements and machinery valued at $4,160 *** 30 asses and mules, 20 milch cows, 16 working oxen, 92 sheep, 150 swine, 50 other cattle, $5,284 livestock value *** 4,500 bushels of Indian corn, 607 cotton bales of 400 pounds each, 200 pounds of wool, 1,000 bushels of peas and beans, 150 bushels of Irish potatoes, 1,000 bushels of sweet potatoes, $618 in slaughtered meat. ***From a family account, the plantation had a one and a half storied raised cottage for the manager that faced the levee road (Maxwell Road) and the Mississippi River beyond. Since Ogden had returned from fighting in the Civil War as a captain, his family lived in the
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where he worked as a lawyer. The house was at 287 Jackson at the corner with Carondelet (the street has since been renumbered). Ogden's wife Elizabeth died, and he remarried to the children's music teacher Mary Davies. After the War, Hole-in-the-Wall was losing money. After this second marriage, Ogden moved his family there to try to save it. The account lists the plantation size at 3,500 acres; thus, it was probably expanded from its 1860 size. He eventually lost it for a debt of $3,000. It was thought that, being a lawyer, he did not know how to run a plantation. The family moved in with the Walworths in Natchez at the Burn, because one of the children had married into the Walworth family. William (Billy) Ogden died at the Burn. The remaining family ran a boarding house in Natchez after that. They dispersed as the children married and moved on. Ogden's mother's ancestors had Independence Plantation (Isreal Smith, descendant of Rev. Jedediah Smith) on Second Creek in Adams County Shortly before the
American Civil War The American Civil War (April 12, 1861May 26, 1865; also known by Names of the American Civil War, other names) was a civil war in the United States between the Union (American Civil War), Union ("the North") and the Confederate States of A ...
, Hunt and his adult children owned a total of some 1,700
enslaved Africans Slavery has historically been widespread in Africa. Systems of servitude and slavery were once commonplace in parts of Africa, as they were in much of the rest of the Ancient history, ancient and Post-classical history, medieval world. When t ...
and controlled tens of thousands of acres of land. Two of the people Hunt enslaved, Cyrus Bellus and Peter Brown, recorded interviews that were later included in the WPA
Slave Narrative Collection ''Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States'' (often referred to as the WPA Slave Narrative Collection) is a collection of histories by formerly enslaved people undertaken by the Federal Writers' Project of the Works Progres ...
for the state of Arkansas.Work Projects Administration, ''Slave Narratives: Interviews with Former Slaves Arkansas Narratives, Part 1'', Keith W. Brooks Publishing, 2013, pp 94-97 and 211-21

As a result of his extensive holdings and cotton production, Hunt became one of the wealthiest cotton planters in the Antebellum South. Additionally, he owned business concerns in
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, and
Lexington, Kentucky Lexington is a Consolidated city-county, consolidated city coterminous with and the county seat of Fayette County, Kentucky, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census the city's population was 322,570, making it the List of ...
. At his financial peak in about 1850, Hunt was worth about $2,000,000.D. Clayton James, ''Antebellum Natchez'', New Orleans: Louisiana State University Press, 1968, p. 15


Philanthropy

Hunt was among the largest financial supporters of Oakland College (Mississippi), Oakland College, near
Rodney, Mississippi Rodney is a ghost town in Jefferson County, Mississippi, United States. Most of the buildings are gone and the remaining structures are in various states of disrepair. The town regularly floods and buildings have extensive flood damage. The Rod ...
and David's home on Woodlawn Plantation, which was founded in affiliation with the Presbyterian Church.''Biographical and Historical Memoirs of Mississippi'', Gretna, Louisiana: Pelican Publishing, 1999, Part 1, p. 31

Over the years he gave a total of about $175,000 to the college. He was a trustee of the College for years. His sons, Abijah, George, Andrew and Dunbar, all graduated from Oakland College. Oakland had to close during the war, as its students went off to war. Some of the facility was damaged during the war, and it never successfully resumed operations after the war. In 1870 the college was sold to the state of Mississippi. The state legislature used this facility to establish the first
land grant institution A land-grant university (also called land-grant college or land-grant institution) is an institution of higher education in the United States designated by a state to receive the benefits of the Morrill Acts of 1862 and 1890, or a beneficiary ...
for African Americans in American history, named Alcorn A&M College and now called Alcorn University, a
historically black college Historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) are institutions of higher education in the United States that were established before the Civil Rights Act of 1964 with the intention of serving African Americans. Most are in the Southern U ...
. The Presbyterian Church used the money from the sale to found
Chamberlain-Hunt Academy Chamberlain-Hunt Academy was a boarding school in Port Gibson, Mississippi. The school was founded in 1830 as Oakland College and closed in 2014. The campus, with its buildings in brick Georgian Revival style, is listed in the National Registe ...
in nearby Port Gibson in 1879. C.H.A. transitioned to the military routine in 1915 and was a military college preparatory school until 1971, when girls were admitted and the military discipline was greatly relaxed. Many of David Hunt's descendants or relatives attended Chamberlain-Hunt over the years. The old school did not open in August 2014 and the future is uncertain. The legacy of Oakland College was named to honor Presbyterian minister Reverend
Jeremiah Chamberlain Jeremiah Chamberlain (January 5, 1794 – September 5, 1851) was an American Presbyterianism, Presbyterian minister, educator and college administrator. He was president of three institutions of higher education between 1823 and 1851, specifica ...
(1794-1851), the founding president of Oakland College, and David Hunt, who had been Oakland's most generous benefactor.Goodspeed Brothers, ''Biographical and Historical Memoirs of Mississippi, Embracing an Authentic and Comprehensive Account of the Chief Events in the History of the State and a Record of the Lives of Many of the Most Worthy and Illustrious Families and Individuals'', Chicago: Goodspeed Publishing Company, 1891, p. 31

/ref>Mary Carol Miller, ''Must See Mississippi: 50 Favorite Places'', Jackson, Mississippi: University Press of Mississippi, 2007, p. 13

Samuel J. Rogal, ''The American Pre-College Military School: A History and Comprehensive Catalog of Institutions'', Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, 2009, p. 16

Hunt also was a major supporter of the Rodney Presbyterian Church. He donated the land upon which the church was built and contributed to the building of the church as well. All of his children were baptized there. When the church decided to rent the pews to the church members to raise money, Hunt paid to rent them all to ensure that the poor could attend. He paid a large portion of the pastor's salary, gave the pastor the use of one of his slaves, and often gave the pastor beef and mutton from his plantations. Hunt also gave beef to the poor families of Rodney each Christmas. As a member of the Mississippi Colonization Society and its parent organization the
American Colonization Society The American Colonization Society (ACS), initially the Society for the Colonization of Free People of Color of America, was an American organization founded in 1816 by Robert Finley to encourage and support the repatriation of freeborn peop ...
, he donated to establish a colony for free African Americans in
Liberia Liberia, officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country on the West African coast. It is bordered by Sierra Leone to Liberia–Sierra Leone border, its northwest, Guinea to Guinea–Liberia border, its north, Ivory Coast to Ivory Coast–Lib ...
.David G. Sansing, Sim C. Callon and Carolyn Vance Smith ''The Annual Report of the American Colonization Society, Volumes 33-46'', Washington: C. Alexander Printer, 1840-1910, The 39th Report of 1856 p4, The 40th Report of 1857 p50, The 41st Report of 1958 P4

Hunt once donated $49,999.99 to this cause. One of Hunt's eccentricities was to write checks for one penny less than an even dollar amount. He also gave a small amount to the Fayette Female Academy in Fayette, Mississippi, Fayette, Mississippi.


Personal life

Hunt resided on Woodlawn Plantation in
Jefferson County, Mississippi Jefferson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Mississippi; its western border is formed by the Mississippi River. As of the 2020 census, the population was 7,260, making it the fourth-least populous county in Mississippi. Until 182 ...
, which was seven miles south of
Rodney, Mississippi Rodney is a ghost town in Jefferson County, Mississippi, United States. Most of the buildings are gone and the remaining structures are in various states of disrepair. The town regularly floods and buildings have extensive flood damage. The Rod ...
, and approximately 25 miles northeast of Natchez. He was one of the twelve millionaires living near Natchez in the antebellum era, when there were only thirty-five millionaires living in the entire United States. He was nicknamed "King David." Hunt spent many summers in and around
Lexington, Kentucky Lexington is a Consolidated city-county, consolidated city coterminous with and the county seat of Fayette County, Kentucky, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census the city's population was 322,570, making it the List of ...
. He travelled by carriage along with a baggage wagon and saddle horses. The trip from
Mississippi Mississippi ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern and Deep South regions of the United States. It borders Tennessee to the north, Alabama to the east, the Gulf of Mexico to the south, Louisiana to the s ...
took one month. He was related to
John Wesley Hunt John Wesley Hunt (1773–1849) was an American businessman, slave trader, and early civic leader in Lexington, Kentucky. He was one of the first millionaires west of the Allegheny Mountains. Hunt enslaved as many as 77 people, many of them childr ...
, who lived in the Hunt-Morgan House in Lexington. Hunt married three times * His first wife was Margaret (Stampley) Hunt during the Territorial Period. * His second wife was Mary (Calvit) Hunt. He married her in 1808, and she died in childbirth in 1809. The child died soon after that as well. * His third wife was Ann (Ferguson) Hunt. They married in 1816 or 1817. Ann's father David Ferguson (son of William Ferguson and Paulina Burch) grew up on his parents' Mount Locust Inn and Plantation; and her sister Charlotte, who was married to William Aylette Buckner, lived at Airlie. Ann and her husband David Hunt had 14 children, but only seven lived past the age of 21. Five of these adult children married before the Civil War. Hunt gave each at least one plantation and 100 slaves as a
dowry A dowry is a payment such as land, property, money, livestock, or a commercial asset that is paid by the bride's (woman's) family to the groom (man) or his family at the time of marriage. Dowry contrasts with the related concepts of bride price ...
.Marie T. Logan, ''Mississippi-Louisiana Border Country: A History of Rodney, Miss., St. Joseph, La., and Environs'', Baton Rouge: Claitor's Publishing Division, 1970, p.103, p. 143, pp 69-72 These gifts made all of Hunt's children wealthy, but reduced Hunt's net worth, which was listed in the 1860 U.S. Census as $1,086,825.United States Federal Census Detail, 1860, Police District 4, Jefferson County, Mississippi, www.ancestry.com database # His daughter Mary Ann married James Archer and received Oakwood Plantation. # His son Abijah married Mary Agnes Walton and was given Calviton Plantation. Abijah and Mary's children received Argyle Plantation, and Belle Ella Plantation, which was possibly split off from Argyle. When Abijah died, Mary Agnes remarried to Edgar Wood who had Wilkin Place Plantation. # His son George Ferguson Hunt married Anna Watson and received Huntley Plantation. George also received Georgiana Plantation, and he had the Lockwood property. # His daughter Catherine married William S. Balfour and received Homewood. William also had Fairland Plantation # His daughter Charlotte married George Marshall and received Lansdowne Plantation. George and Charlotte also received Arcola Plantation. Two of David's seven adult children (Dunbar and Elizabeth) married after the
American Civil War The American Civil War (April 12, 1861May 26, 1865; also known by Names of the American Civil War, other names) was a civil war in the United States between the Union (American Civil War), Union ("the North") and the Confederate States of A ...
and David's death. They each got at least one plantation, but the slaves had been emancipated. # His son Dunbar married Leila Lawrence Brent and received Wilderness Plantation and Southside Plantation. # His daughter Elizabeth married William F. Ogden and received Hole in the Wall Plantation and Black Creek Plantation.


Death

Hunt died on May 18, 1861, on Woodlawn Plantation at the age of 81. He was buried in the Calviton Plantation cemetery. Calviton Plantation adjoined Woodlawn Plantation where David had his main residence.


Legacy

*The
Chamberlain-Hunt Academy Chamberlain-Hunt Academy was a boarding school in Port Gibson, Mississippi. The school was founded in 1830 as Oakland College and closed in 2014. The campus, with its buildings in brick Georgian Revival style, is listed in the National Registe ...
, a Presbyterian military private academy in
Port Gibson, Mississippi Port Gibson is a city and the county seat of Claiborne County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 1,567 at the 2010 United States Census, 2010 census. It is bordered on the west by the Mississippi River. The first European settlers i ...
, was named in his honor. *The David Hunt Award is made annually at
Alcorn State University Alcorn State University (Alcorn State, ASU or Alcorn) is a public historically black land-grant university adjacent to Lorman, Mississippi. It was founded in 1871 and was the first black land grant college established in the United States. ...
in
Lorman, Mississippi Lorman is an unincorporated community located in Jefferson County, Mississippi, United States. Lorman is approximately north of Fayette, near Highway 61 on Mississippi Highway 552. Lorman is the nearest community to Alcorn State University ...
.Chamberlain-Hunt Academy holds its annual Founders Day Convocation at Oakland Memorial Chapel
Alcorn State University


See also

*
Homewood Plantation (Natchez, Mississippi) Homewood is an historic estate in Natchez, Adams County, Mississippi. It was created beginning in 1855 as a wedding present for the Southern belle Catherine Hunt and her husband William S. Balfour. The plantation house remained unscathed durin ...
* Woodlawn Plantation (Jefferson County, Mississippi) * Abijah Hunt * List of plantations in Mississippi * List of the oldest buildings in Mississippi *
Plantation complexes in the Southern United States Plantation complexes were common on agricultural plantations in the Southern United States from the 17th into the 20th century. The complex included everything from the main residence down to the Pen (enclosure), pens for livestock. Until the ...
*
African-American history African-American history started with the forced transportation of List of ethnic groups of Africa, Africans to North America in the 16th and 17th centuries. The European colonization of the Americas, and the resulting Atlantic slave trade, ...
*
American gentry The American gentry were rich landowning members of the American upper class in the colonial Southern United States. The Colonial American use of ''gentry'' was not common. Historians use it to refer to rich landowners in the South before ...
*
Atlantic slave trade The Atlantic slave trade or transatlantic slave trade involved the transportation by slave traders of Slavery in Africa, enslaved African people to the Americas. European slave ships regularly used the triangular trade route and its Middle Pass ...
* Casa-Grande & Senzala (similar concept in
Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...
ian plantations) *
History of the Southern United States The history of the Southern United States spans back thousands of years to the first evidence of human occupation. The Paleo-Indians were the first peoples to inhabit the Americas and what would become the Southern United States. By the time E ...
*''
Journal of a Residence on a Georgian Plantation in 1838–1839 ''Journal of a Residence on a Georgian Plantation in 1838–1839'' (the ''Journal'') is an account by Fanny Kemble of the time spent on her husband's plantation in Butler Island (Georgia), Butler Island, Georgia. The account was not published un ...
'' *
List of plantations in the United States This is a list of plantations and/or plantation houses in the United States of America that are national memorials, National Historic Landmarks, listed on the National Register of Historic Places or other heritage register, or are otherwise signi ...
*
Lost Cause of the Confederacy The Lost Cause of the Confederacy, known simply as the Lost Cause, is an American pseudohistory, pseudohistorical and historical negationist myth that argues the cause of the Confederate States of America, Confederate States during the America ...
*''
Plain Folk of the Old South ''Plain Folk of the Old South'' is a 1949 book by American Vanderbilt University historian Frank Lawrence Owsley, one of the Southern Agrarians. In it he used statistical data to analyze the makeup of Southern United States of America society, ...
'' (1949 book by historian Frank Lawrence Owsley) *
Plantation-era songs A work song is a piece of music closely connected to a form of work, either one sung while conducting a task (usually to coordinate timing) or one linked to a task that may be a connected narrative, description, or protest song. An example is " I' ...
*
Plantation house A plantation house is the main house of a plantation, often a substantial farmhouse, which often serves as a symbol for the plantation as a whole. Plantation houses in the Southern United States and in other areas are known as quite grand and ...
* Plantation tradition (genre of literature) * Plantations of Leon County (Florida) *
Planter class The planter class was a Racial hierarchy, racial and socioeconomic class which emerged in the Americas during European colonization of the Americas, European colonization in the early modern period. Members of the class, most of whom were settle ...
*
Sharecropping Sharecropping is a legal arrangement in which a landowner allows a tenant (sharecropper) to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on that land. Sharecropping is not to be conflated with tenant farming, providing the tenant a ...
in the
United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...
* Slavery at Tuckahoe plantation *
Slavery in the United States The legal institution of human chattel slavery, comprising the enslavement primarily of List of ethnic groups of Africa, Africans and African Americans, was prevalent in the United States of America from its founding in 1776 until 1865 ...
*
Treatment of slaves in the United States Slaves in the United States were often subjected to sexual abuse and rape, the denial of education, and punishments like Flagellation, whippings. Families were often split up by the sale of one or more members, usually never to see or hear of ...
*
Torture of slaves in the United States Torture of slaves in the United States was fairly common, as part of what many slavers claimed was necessary discipline. As one history put it, "Stinted allowance, imprisonment, and whipping were the usual methods of punishment; incorrigibles we ...
*
White supremacy White supremacy is the belief that white people are superior to those of other races. The belief favors the maintenance and defense of any power and privilege held by white people. White supremacy has roots in the now-discredited doctrine ...
* :Commons:Old maps of plantations in the United States


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hunt, David American planters 1779 births 1861 deaths People from Trenton, New Jersey People from Natchez, Mississippi People from Jefferson County, Mississippi American cotton plantation owners 19th-century American planters Philanthropists from Mississippi American Presbyterians American slave owners History of slavery in Mississippi History of slavery in Louisiana
David David (; , "beloved one") was a king of ancient Israel and Judah and the third king of the United Monarchy, according to the Hebrew Bible and Old Testament. The Tel Dan stele, an Aramaic-inscribed stone erected by a king of Aram-Dam ...
People from Mississippi Territory