HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

David "Dave" Charles Berkoff (born November 30, 1966) is an American former competition Hall of Fame
swimmer Swimming is an individual or team racing sport that requires the use of one's entire body to move through water. The sport takes place in pools or open water (e.g., in a sea or lake). Competitive swimming is one of the most popular Olympic ...
, Olympic champion, and former world record-holder in two events. Berkoff was a
backstroke Backstroke or back crawl is one of the four Swimming (sport), swimming styles used in competitive events regulated by FINA, and the only one of these styles swum on the back. This swimming style has the advantage of easy breathing, but the disa ...
specialist who won a total of four medals during his career at the
Olympic Games The modern Olympic Games (Olympics; ) are the world's preeminent international Olympic sports, sporting events. They feature summer and winter sports competitions in which thousands of athletes from around the world participate in a Multi-s ...
in 1988 and 1992. He is best known for breaking the world record for the 100-meter backstroke three times, beginning at the 1988 Olympic trial preliminaries, becoming the first swimmer to go under 55 seconds for the event. He is also remembered for his powerful underwater backstroke start, the eponymous "Berkoff Blastoff" which after a strong push-off from the side of the pool used a horizontal body position with locked arms outstretched overhead and an undulating or wavelike aerodynamic
dolphin kick The dolphin kick is a kicking movement used in swimming. It is frequently used by competitive swimmers during entry and turns, and as part of the butterfly stroke. Description The dolphin kick is named for its resemblance to the motions made by ...
to provide thrust and build speed.


Biography

Remaining consistent with his swim training, Berkoff swam for a number of clubs in the greater Philadelphia area from a young age. He began swimming with Dick Shoulberg's Germantown Academy Aquatics Club in Fort Washington, Pennsylvania outside Philadelphia when he was only eight years old around 1974. He eventually swam for the prestigious Foxcatcher Swim Club which Coach Jack Simon, who also coached Berkoff, moved to West Chester, Southwest of Fort Washington, in the early 1980's, when Berkoff was in his high school years. Jack Simon continued to coach Foxcatcher through around 1985. Dick Shoulberg coached the Germantown Academy Aquatics Club from 1969-1985, but the club changed its name to the Foxcatcher Swim Club from 1985-2000 when it merged with Foxcatcher. Berkoff attended and swam for the
William Penn Charter School William Penn Charter School (commonly known as Penn Charter or simply PC) is an elite private school in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was founded in 1689 at the urging of William Penn as the "Public Grammar School" and chartered in 1689 to b ...
and around the age of 15 broke the swimming team's pool record for the 100-yard backstroke in a 1982 meet against St. Joseph's Prep with a time of 1:02.10. His time showed great promise, but not a national record. With hard work and attention to technique, Berkoff would greatly improve on his backstroke times. Stroke technique, strength training, and arduous workouts were all part of Berkoff's club Coach Dick Shoulberg's focuses. In February 1982, representing Penn Charter, Berkoff won the 100-yard backstroke with an improved time of 56.3 in the Inter-Academic League Championships, and though Penn Charter sponsored the meet, they lost to Germantown Academy.


Harvard era swimming

In 1985, he was accepted at Cambridge's Harvard University and swam for their swim team where he was managed by Coach Joe Bernal. He also swam for Bernal's Gator Swim Club during this period. He had two NCAA National Championship swims during his Harvard years, one in his signature stroke, the 100-yard backstroke at the NCAA nationals at the University of Texas in 1987 where he won the event, with a time of :48.2, breaking the NCAA standing record. That year, he notably became Harvard's first NCAA National Champion since 1960. Improving slightly on his time, two years later, on March 31, 1989, Berkoff again won the 100-yard backstroke event at the NCAA championships in Indianapolis with an American and U.S. Open Record time of :47.02."Cover Story", ''The Philadelphia Inquirer'', Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1 March 1984, pg. 133 He graduated Harvard that year with a degree in Anthropology.Josephs, Ira, "For Former Swimming Olympian", ''The Philadelphia Inquirer'', Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 3 October 1994, pg. 105 Known later as the "Berkoff Blastoff", early in his Harvard career, Berkoff began swimming his backstroke start and turns underwater for a distance as long as 35 meters using a powerful push-off from the side of the pool remaining horizontal and as aerodynamic as possible, with a powerful wavelike
dolphin kick The dolphin kick is a kicking movement used in swimming. It is frequently used by competitive swimmers during entry and turns, and as part of the butterfly stroke. Description The dolphin kick is named for its resemblance to the motions made by ...
and outstretched locked arms for the starts and turns. Above water, while on his back Berkoff's arms entered the water fairly straight and outstretched above his head, but after the catch phase moved toward the body ending with a pulling forward motion with bent elbows. The lengthy underwater start and turn would become controversial with officials, but lead Berkoff to faster times until the rules changed in 1988.


1988 Olympic trials world record

At the Olympic Trials on August, 13, 1988, Berkoff swam a 54.95 for the 100-meter backstroke preliminaries breaking Igor Poliansky’s (URS) 100-meter backstroke world record and again broke the world record in the Olympic Trial finals with a 54.91. He became the first swimmer to go under 55 seconds for the event.


1988 Seoul Olympic world record

At the October
1988 Summer Olympics The 1988 Summer Olympics (), officially the Games of the XXIV Olympiad () and officially branded as Seoul 1988 (), were an international multi-sport event held from 17 September to 2 October 1988 in Seoul, South Korea. 159 nations were represe ...
in Seoul, South Korea, he won a gold medal by swimming the backstroke leg for the winning U.S. men's team in the men's 4×100-meter medley relay in the event final with a World record time of 3:36.93. He broke the 100-meter backstroke event world record a third time at the 1988 Seoul Olympics preliminary heat with a 54.51, but could not match the time in the men's 100-meter backstroke event final where he swam a 55.18, placing him second in the event, and capturing the silver medal.


Berkoff's impact

After the 1988 Olympics, a limit of 10 meters was initially set for a few years by FINA officials for the distance a backstroker could swim underwater at their starts and turns, but the use of the underwater dolphin kick at starts and turns with outstretched locked arms would be adopted by a great number of competitive backstroke swimmers as well as butterfly and freestyle swimmers. Prior to Berkoff's innovation, many or most backstroke and freestyle swimmers used the flutter kick during the underwater phase of their starts and turns. In 1991, and remaining as of 2022, the distance limit increased to 15 meters at the start and after the turns for backstrokers, butterfly and freestyle swimmers. The limit for backstrokers of 15 meters for backstroke swimmers was set as early as 1989.Estrada, Richard, "Staying Submerged Makes You Faster", ''The Modesto Bee'', Mosesto, California, 1 May 2009, pg. 23 Berkoff, along with Olympians Dan Jorgensen, Sean Killian and Dave Wharton trained with Dick Shoulberg at Pennsylvania's Germantown Academy Aquatics Club in Fort Washington outside Philadelphia and Foxcatcher Swim Club in nearby Newtown Square for the 1992 swim season in preparation for the Olympics. Shoulberg had coached a number of stroke and IM competitors, besides Berfkoff, and had written a chapter on Individual Medley Training for ''The Swim Coaches Bible''.Didinger, Ray, "Kindergarten Coach, Shoulberg Works His Magic", ''Philadelphia Daily News'', Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 7 July 1992, pg. 55


1992 Barcelona Olympics

At the
1992 Summer Olympics The 1992 Summer Olympics (, ), officially the Games of the XXV Olympiad (, ) and officially branded as Barcelona '92, were an international multi-sport event held from 25 July to 9 August 1992 in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Beginning in 1994 ...
in
Barcelona Barcelona ( ; ; ) is a city on the northeastern coast of Spain. It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second-most populous municipality of Spain. With a population of 1.6 million within c ...
,
Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...
, where Shoulberg was an Assistant Coach, Berkoff earned another gold medal by swimming for the winning U.S. team in the preliminary heats of the men's 4×100-meter medley relay. He also won a bronze medal by placing third in the 100-meter backstroke with a time of 54.78.


International competition

In the 1987 Pan American games, Berkoff took a silver in the 100-meter backstroke. He won three United States Swimming National Championships; one in the 100-yard backstroke in 1988, and 1991, and one in the 100-meter backstroke in 1988. At the 1987 Summer Universiade in Zagreb, Berkoff won a gold in the 4x100 Medley Relay, and a silver in the 100-meter backstroke. Berkoff was inducted into the
International Swimming Hall of Fame The International Swimming Hall of Fame and Museum (ISHOF) is a history museum and hall of fame, located at One Hall of Fame Drive, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States, operated by private interests and serving as the central point for the stu ...
as an "Honor Swimmer" in 2005. Despite never winning an individual Olympic gold medal, he dominated the 100-yard and meter backstroke in NCAA and International competition and his innovative starts and turns influenced many top competitive swimmers. He has also had success as a swim coach.


Professional life and coaching

Beginning his studies in the fall of 1992, after his competitive swimming career, he eventually received a Masters in Environmental Science and a Juris Doctor degree from the University of Montana. Berkoff married Shirley Gustafson, and had two children.Josephs, Ira, "Area Great Swims into Hall", ''The Philadelphia Inquirer'', Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 13 May 2005, pg. D11 As a Missoula attorney, he covers insurance coverage issues and defendants in civil litigation. In 2010, Berkoff accepted a position as technical vice-president of USA Swimming, working as a volunteer, and had worked on a swimming advisory board while in college."Berkoff", ''The Missoulian'', Missoula, Montana, 2 June 2013, pg. 8 He has coached the Missoula Aquatic Club for many years, and in 2016, two of his swimmers, his 15-year-old daughter Katharine and 19-year-old Hannah Leach, were both scheduled to attend the June 2016 Olympic trials in Omaha Nebraska, competing in the 100 and 200 backstroke events. Berkoff coached two other of his swimmers to the Olympic trials in backstroke, Major Robinson (2012) and David Cromwell (2008).Mazzolini, A.J., "Missoula Backstrokers Leach, Berkoff bound for Olympic Swimming," ''The Billings Gazette'', Billings, Montana, 19 June 2016, pg. B4 During his graduate work, he continued with athletics as a highly-rated competitive triathlete. He is a co-founder of the Delphys Foundation for Marine Study, with Olympian Matt Biondi. Delphys is specifically tasked with the study of whales and dolphins in their natural ocean settings.


See also

*
List of members of the International Swimming Hall of Fame The International Swimming Hall of Fame is a history museum and hall of fame, serving as the central point for the study of the history of swimming in the United States and around the world. List of the members of the International Swimming Hall ...
*
List of Olympic medalists in swimming (men) This is the complete list of men's Olympic medalists in swimming. Men's events 50 metre freestyle 100 metre freestyle 200 metre freestyle 400 metre freestyle 800 metre freestyle 1500 metre freestyle 100 metre backstroke 200 m ...
*
World record progression 100 metres backstroke This is a history of the 100 m backstroke world record as swum in both long-course (50 m; Olympic) pools and short-course (25 m) pools—the two categories recognized/tracked by FINA World Aquatics, formerly known as FINA (; ), ...
*
World record progression 4 × 100 metres medley relay This article includes the world record progression for the 4×100 metres medley relay, and it shows the chronological history of world record times in that competitive swimming event. The 4×100 metres medley relay is a medley race in which each ...


References


External links

* * {{DEFAULTSORT:Berkoff, David 1966 births Living people American male backstroke swimmers World record setters in swimming Harvard Crimson men's swimmers Olympic bronze medalists for the United States in swimming Olympic gold medalists for the United States in swimming Olympic silver medalists for the United States in swimming Sportspeople from Missoula, Montana Swimmers from Philadelphia Swimmers at the 1987 Pan American Games Swimmers at the 1988 Summer Olympics Swimmers at the 1992 Summer Olympics William Penn Charter School alumni Medalists at the 1992 Summer Olympics Medalists at the 1988 Summer Olympics Summer World University Games medalists in swimming FISU World University Games gold medalists for the United States FISU World University Games silver medalists for the United States Medalists at the 1987 Summer Universiade Medalists at the 1987 Pan American Games Pan American Games silver medalists for the United States in swimming 20th-century American sportsmen