Daharki
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Daharki () is a city in
Ghotki District Ghotki District (; ) is a Districts of Pakistan, district of the province of Sindh, Pakistan, with headquarter in the city of Mirpur Mathelo. Prior to its establishment as a district in 1993, it formed part of Sukkur District. Geography Ghot ...
in the
Sindh Sindh ( ; ; , ; abbr. SD, historically romanized as Sind (caliphal province), Sind or Scinde) is a Administrative units of Pakistan, province of Pakistan. Located in the Geography of Pakistan, southeastern region of the country, Sindh is t ...
province of
Pakistan Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of over 241.5 million, having the Islam by country# ...
. It is the capital of Daharki Taluka, an administrative subdivision of the district with an area of 2,088 km2. It is situated about 100 km north-east of
Sukkur Sukkur is a city in the Pakistani province of Sindh along the western bank of the Indus River, directly across from the historic city of Rohri. Sukkur is the List of cities in Sindh by population, third largest city in Sindh after Karachi and H ...
, between
Mirpur Mathelo Mirpur Mathelo ( Sindhi:) is a city in Ghotki District, Sindh province, Pakistan. The city is administratively subdivided into ten union councils. It is the 97th largest city in Pakistan. It is also the location of the archaeological site, Moomal ...
and Ubauro on Pakistan's
N-5 National Highway The N-5 or National Highway 5 (Urdu: ) is a 1819 km national highway in Pakistan, which extends from Karachi in Sindh to Torkham in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Route The N-5 is the longest national highway in Pakistan and serves as an impor ...
. According to the
2023 Census of Pakistan The 2023 Census of Pakistan was the census, detailed enumeration of the Pakistani population and the census in Pakistan, seventh national census in the country. It was conducted by the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. It was also the first ever di ...
, it is the 25th largest city of Sindh, having a population of 335,145.


History

Ghotki was founded as a camp by an Ambassador General of Raja Ibn Selaj Birhman (a relative of Raja Dahar of Sindh) in 637 A.D. At that time it was named as Hath Sam. In 712 A.D, Mohammad Bin Qasim conquered Sindh by defeating Raja Dahar, Ghot Ibn Samed Ibn Patel, the grandson of Raja Dahar, was settled in the area as he converted to Islam and in whose name the Ghota tribe came into being. Arabs awarded many Jagirs (Estates) to Ghotas and named this village as "Daharwali", to honor their grandfather. Later on, this region was ruled by different dynasties, including the Soomros (1024-1351), the Arghuns (1520-1650), the Kalhoras (1657-1783) and the Talpurs (1783-1843). When Britain invaded the subcontinent, General Charles Napier, a commander in the British Army, defeated the Talpur dynasty and conquered Sindh in 1843. After the
British conquest of Sindh The British conquest of Sindh was a successful British military campaign and conquest of Sindh into the British Indian Empire, British India from the rule of the Talpur dynasty, Talpurs. The East India Company, supported by the British Army and ...
province, in 1847, they awarded huge blocks of irrigated fertile land to the Ghotta tribal chieftains in return for their loyalty to the British. Gradually, the town's name changed into
Ghotki Ghotki (; ) is a city in northern Sindh, Pakistan, and the headquarter of Ghotki District. Its population as of 2023 is . Ghotki is famous for its date palm ''Phoenix dactylifera'', commonly known as the date palm, is a flowering-plant spec ...
(of Ghottas). General Charles Napier was appointed as the first Governor-General of Sindh. The province was divided into different administrative units and assigned to Zamindars (landlords) to collect taxes for the
British government His Majesty's Government, abbreviated to HM Government or otherwise UK Government, is the central government, central executive authority of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
. The British government developed these areas as urban centers. Consequently, people migrated from other districts and provinces as well and started to reside here. The British named these small, developed areas as "Talukas".


Economy

Daharki is home to several cotton factories, a major fertilizer plant, and oil and gas exploratory facilities, among other industries. Notable companies with facilities at Daharki include Engro Fertilizers, Mari Energies, and Tullow Oil. Nearby
power station A power station, also referred to as a power plant and sometimes generating station or generating plant, is an industrial facility for the electricity generation, generation of electric power. Power stations are generally connected to an electr ...
s include Foundation Power Plant and Liberty Power Plant. The local industries are a major driver of the local economy, after the agricultural sector. After the
Partition of India The partition of India in 1947 was the division of British India into two independent dominion states, the Dominion of India, Union of India and Dominion of Pakistan. The Union of India is today the Republic of India, and the Dominion of Paki ...
in 1947, Daharki, located in what became Pakistan, saw the beginning of large-scale industrial development. In 1957, Pak Stanvac (an Esso/Mobil joint venture) stumbled upon vast deposits rich in natural gas in Mari while pursuing viable oil exploration in Sindh. With Pak Stanvac focused exclusively on oil exploration, the discovery shifted the impetus to Esso which decided to invest on the massive industrial potential of Mari gas field. In 1965, Esso Pakistan Fertilizer Company Limited (now known as Engro Fertilizers) commissioned a TOYO urea plant with a production capacity of 173,000 tons per annum , becoming the largest foreign investment in the private sector in the history of Pakistan until that date. Engro Fertilizers commissioned the world's largest single-train ammonia-urea plant of its time, covering 1.24 square miles in 2009. The facility's
prill A prill is a small aggregate or globule of a material, most often a dry sphere, formed from a melted liquid through spray crystallization. Prilled is a term used in mining and manufacturing to refer to a product that has been pelletized. ANFO e ...
ing tower was the tallest prilling tower in the world at the time of commissioning with a height of about 125 m, and is an iconic landmark of the city visible from miles away.


Demographics

According to the 2023 Census of Pakistan, Daharki has a population of 335,145 people with 174,433 males (52%), 160,706 females (48%) and 6 identifying as transgender. The population density is 160.5/km2, with an annualized growth rate of 1.3% (compared to 2017 census). Majority of the population lives in rural households (73.1% vs. 26.9% living in urban). 54.5% of the population is less than 20 years old. Age distribution of the population is as follows: Only 36.8% of the population aged 10+ years is considered literate (48.9% male vs. 23.7% female). Out of a population of 335,145 people, only 100,028 have received any sort of formal school education with only 6,899 people seeking education further than high school (matriculation). The
mother tongue A first language (L1), native language, native tongue, or mother tongue is the first language a person has been exposed to from birth or within the critical period. In some countries, the term ''native language'' or ''mother tongue'' refers ...
spoken in Daharki is predominantly Sindhi (95.6%), followed by Punjabi (1.6%) and
Urdu Urdu (; , , ) is an Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in South Asia. It is the Languages of Pakistan, national language and ''lingua franca'' of Pakistan. In India, it is an Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of Indi ...
(1.3%). In terms of religion, the population is majority
Muslim Muslims () are people who adhere to Islam, a Monotheism, monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God ...
(89.11%) and
Hindu Hindus (; ; also known as Sanātanīs) are people who religiously adhere to Hinduism, also known by its endonym Sanātana Dharma. Jeffery D. Long (2007), A Vision for Hinduism, IB Tauris, , pp. 35–37 Historically, the term has also be ...
(8.74%), with small
Christian A Christian () is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity, a Monotheism, monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus in Christianity, Jesus Christ. Christians form the largest religious community in the wo ...
and
Sikh Sikhs (singular Sikh: or ; , ) are an ethnoreligious group who adhere to Sikhism, a religion that originated in the late 15th century in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent, based on the revelation of Guru Nanak. The term ''Si ...
minorities. Important Muslim religious sites in and around the city include Bharchundi Shareef Dargah, Chalan Faqeer, Pir Aziz Karmani, Pir Pakhroi Laal, Soi Sharif, Pir Gulab, and Shah Bukhari. The Bharchundi Sharif
dargah A Sufi shrine or dargah ( ''dargâh'' or ''dargah'', Turkish: ''dergâh'', Hindustani: ''dargāh'' दरगाह درگاہ, ''dôrgah'') is a shrine or tomb built over the grave of a revered religious figure, often a Sufi saint or dervi ...
and its custodian is Mian Abdul Khaliq. Hindu sites include the spiritual darbar and the Sant Satram Das Temple at Raharki, 5 km away from Daharki. Christian sites include
St. Francis Xavier Francis Xavier, SJ (born Francisco de Jasso y Azpilicueta; ; ; ; ; ; 7 April 15063 December 1552), venerated as Saint Francis Xavier, was a Navarrese cleric and missionary. He co-founded the Society of Jesus and, as a representative o ...
Church Church may refer to: Religion * Church (building), a place/building for Christian religious activities and praying * Church (congregation), a local congregation of a Christian denomination * Church service, a formalized period of Christian comm ...
, which was rebuilt in 2011. The Baba Nanik Shah
Gurdwara A gurdwara or gurudwara () is a place of assembly and place of worship, worship in Sikhism, but its normal meaning is "place of guru" or "home of guru". Sikhism, Sikhs also refer to gurdwaras as ''Gurdwara Sahib''. People from all faiths and rel ...
is a place of worship for Daharki's Sikh population.


Education

There are several schools in Daharki, those being: * The Educators Daharki Campus * Government Boys Lower Secondary School * Government Boys High School, Raharki *
The Citizens Foundation The Citizens Foundation (TCF) is a non-profit organization, and one of the largest privately owned networks of low-cost formal schools in Pakistan. The foundation operates a network of 1,833 school units, educating 280,000 students through over 1 ...
School * Sahara Welfare School * Noor-e-Sehar Special Education School * Engro Model School *
Mari Petroleum Mari Energies Limited, formerly Mari Petroleum Company Limited, and commonly known as Mari ( ), is a Pakistani energy company based in Islamabad. It is controlled by the Fauji Foundation, which holds a 40 percent stake. It primarily operates in ...
School * Daharki School System * Technical Training College (TTC) * Government Primary School, Kaloo Burero


Food

The local cuisine is a blend of traditional Sindhi recipes and unique flavors. Rice, wheat, and lentils are staple foods that serve as the foundation for many recipes. Some of the signature dishes that define Daharki's food culture include both vegetarian and non-vegetarian options. Here are a few examples: * Sindhi
Biryani Biryani () is a mixed rice dish originating in South Asia, made with rice, meat (chicken, goat, lamb, beef) or seafood (prawns or fish), and spices. To cater to vegetarians, the meat or seafood can be substituted with vegetables or pane ...
: Daharki City's version of biryani frequently includes basmati rice, pieces of meat (usually mutton or chicken), and spices that give it a distinct flavor. * Sai Bhaji: Saag is a side dish prepared from mustard leaves. Sindhi Kadhi, a tangy dish made with gram flour and different veggies, goes well with steaming rice. * Sindhi Karahi: Sindhi Karahi, another local favorite, is a spicy and aromatic curry made with yogurt, gram flour, and assorted vegetables. It is often enjoyed with steamed rice or chapati. Additionally, Daharki has a street food culture. The city offers an array of street snacks and quick bites, from bazaars and restaurants to roadside vendors. These street foods include shawarma, chaat, samosas, gol gappe, and other local specialties.


References

{{Ghotki District Cities and towns in Ghotki District