Jiuzhen (Vietnamese: Cửu Chân,

Chinese Chinese may refer to: * Something related to China * Chinese people, people identified with China, through nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity **Han Chinese, East Asian ethnic group native to China. **'' Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic ...

: 九真) was a

Chinese commandery A commandery ( zh, s=郡, p=jùn) was a historical administrative division of China that was in use from the Eastern Zhou (c. 7th century BCE) until the early Tang dynasty (c. 7th century CE). Several neighboring countrie ...

within Jiaozhou. It is located in present-day Thanh Hóa Province,

Vietnam Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's List of countries and depende ...

Michel Ferlus Michel Ferlus (; 1935 – 10 March 2024) was a French linguistics, linguist who specialized in the historical phonology of languages of Southeast Asia. In addition to phonological systems, he also studied writing systems, in particular the evoluti ...

(2012) and Frédéric Pain (2020) propose that 九真

Old Chinese Old Chinese, also called Archaic Chinese in older works, is the oldest attested stage of Chinese language, Chinese, and the ancestor of all modern varieties of Chinese. The earliest examples of Chinese are divinatory inscriptions on oracle bones ...

*''kuˀ-cin'' transcribed *''k.cin'', a local autonym which is reflected in Puoc ''ksiːŋ muːl'' & Thavung ''ktiːŋ²'' meaning "human being, people". Both ''ksiːŋ'' and ''ktiːŋ²'' are from Proto-Vietic *''kciːŋ'', which consists of prefix *''k-'' and

root In vascular plants, the roots are the plant organ, organs of a plant that are modified to provide anchorage for the plant and take in water and nutrients into the plant body, which allows plants to grow taller and faster. They are most often bel ...

*''ciɲ'' (“leg, foot”); thus, "human beings" are "(those who are) on foot", "those who stand on their feet." Pain further suggests that " Cửu Chân might therefore have been inhabited by some ancestors of the Southern Vietic Thavung - Aheu."

History

In 111 BC, Jiuzhen was formed after the

Han conquest of Nanyue The Han conquest of Nanyue was a military conflict between the Han Empire and the Nanyue kingdom in modern Guangdong, Guangxi, and Northern Vietnam. During the reign of Emperor Wu, Imperial Han military forces formally launched a punitive campa ...

. In 157, Chu Đạt rebelled in Jiuzhen and was defeated. In 377, Li Xun seized Jiuzhen.

References

Cited works

* * * * * Former commanderies of China in Vietnam Commanderies of the Han dynasty {{Vietnam-hist-stub