Césaire Phisalix (8 October 1852, Mouthier-Haute-Pierre – 16 March 1906) was a French physician and

biologist A biologist is a scientist who conducts research in biology. Biologists are interested in studying life on Earth, whether it is an individual cell, a multicellular organism, or a community of interacting populations. They usually speciali ...

. He was the husband of Marie Picot Phisalix (1861–1946), an expert on venoms and venomous animals.Le Musee Pasteur
Césaire et Marie PHISALIX, deux chercheurs comtois He studied sciences at the Catholic college in

Besançon Besançon (, , , ; archaic german: Bisanz; la, Vesontio) is the prefecture of the department of Doubs in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. The city is located in Eastern France, close to the Jura Mountains and the border with Switzerla ...

and medicine in

Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. ...

, earning his medical doctorate in 1877. Later, he continued his studies at the military school in Val de Grâce with

Alphonse Laveran Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran (18 June 1845 – 18 May 1922) was a French physician who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1907 for his discoveries of parasitic protozoans as causative agents of infectious diseases such as mala ...

, a future winner of the

Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ( sv, Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin) is awarded yearly by the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute, Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute for outstanding discoveries in physiology or ...

. In 1886, he was named deputy professor of

zoology Zoology ()The pronunciation of zoology as is usually regarded as nonstandard, though it is not uncommon. is the branch of biology that studies the animal kingdom, including the structure, embryology, evolution, classification, habits, and ...

at the school of medicine and

pharmacy Pharmacy is the science and practice of discovering, producing, preparing, dispensing, reviewing and monitoring medications, aiming to ensure the safe, effective, and affordable use of medication, medicines. It is a miscellaneous science as it ...

in Besançon, and in 1888 was appointed director of ''travaux de zoologie'' at the faculty of Besançon.Césaire PHISALIX (1852-1906) - Racines Comtoises
(biography) Shortly afterwards, he returned to Paris, where he served as a lecturer at the

Muséum national d'histoire naturelle The French National Museum of Natural History, known in French as the ' (abbreviation MNHN), is the national natural history museum of France and a ' of higher education part of Sorbonne Universities. The main museum, with four galleries, is loca ...

. In 1894, with biochemist

Gabriel Bertrand Gabriel Bertrand (born 17 May 1867 in Paris, died 20 June 1962 in Paris) was a French pharmacologist, biochemist and bacteriologist. Bertrand introduced into biochemistry both the term “ oxidase” and the concept of trace elements. The la ...

, he developed an

antivenom Antivenom, also known as antivenin, venom antiserum, and antivenom immunoglobulin, is a specific treatment for envenomation. It is composed of antibodies and used to treat certain venomous bites and stings. Antivenoms are recommended only if ...

for treatment against

snake bite A snakebite is an injury caused by the bite of a snake, especially a venomous snake. A common sign of a bite from a venomous snake is the presence of two puncture wounds from the animal's fangs. Sometimes venom injection from the bite may occ ...

s. For his research of venom and venomous animals, he was awarded the "Prix Bréant" in 1898.

Selected works

* ''Nouvelles expèriences sur le venin de la Salamandre terrestre'', 1889 - New experiences involving venom of the terrestrial

salamander Salamanders are a group of amphibians typically characterized by their lizard-like appearance, with slender bodies, blunt snouts, short limbs projecting at right angles to the body, and the presence of a tail in both larvae and adults. All ten ...

. * ''Sur l'emploi et le mode d'action du chlorure de chaux contre la morsure des serpents venimeux'' (with Gabriel Bertrand) 1895 - On the use and mode of action of

chloride of lime Calcium hypochlorite is an inorganic compound with formula Ca(OCl)2. It is the main active ingredient of commercial products called bleaching powder, chlorine powder, or chlorinated lime, used for water treatment and as a bleaching agent. Thi ...

against the bite of poisonous snakes. * ''Variation de virulence du venin de vipère'' (with Gabriel Bertrand), 1895 - Variation of virulence of viper venom. * ''La tyrosine, vaccin chimique du venin de vipère'', 1898 -

Tyrosine -Tyrosine or tyrosine (symbol Tyr or Y) or 4-hydroxyphenylalanine is one of the 20 standard amino acids that are used by cells to synthesize proteins. It is a non-essential amino acid with a polar side group. The word "tyrosine" is from the Gr ...

, chemical vaccine of viper venom.WorldCat Search
(publications)

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Phisalix, Cesaire 1852 births 1908 deaths People from Doubs French zoologists