Cyprinidae is a

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

of freshwater fish commonly called the carp or minnow family. It includes the

carp Carp are various species of oily freshwater fish from the family Cyprinidae, a very large group of fish native to Europe and Asia. While carp is consumed in many parts of the world, they are generally considered an invasive species in parts of ...

s, the true

minnow Minnow is the common name for a number of species of small freshwater fish, belonging to several genera of the families Cyprinidae and Leuciscidae. They are also known in Ireland as pinkeens. Smaller fish in the subfamily Leusciscidae are ...

s, and relatives like the barbs and barbels. Cyprinidae is the largest and most diverse fish family and the largest vertebrate animal family in general with about 3,000

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of ...

, of which only 1,270 remain extant, divided into about 370

genera Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial ...

. Cyprinids range from about 12 mm in size to the giant barb (''Catlocarpio siamensis''). By genus and species count, the family makes up more than two-thirds of the ostariophysian order

Cypriniformes Cypriniformes is an order of ray-finned fish, including the carps, minnows, loaches, and relatives. Cypriniformes is an Order within the Superorder Ostariophysi consisting of "Carp-like" Ostariophysins. This order contains 11-12 familie ...

. The family name is derived from the Greek word ( 'carp').

Biology and ecology

Cyprinids are stomachless fish with toothless jaws. Even so, food can be effectively chewed by the gill rakers of the specialized last gill bow. These pharyngeal teeth allow the fish to make chewing motions against a chewing plate formed by a bony process of the

skull The skull is a bone protective cavity for the brain. The skull is composed of four types of bone i.e., cranial bones, facial bones, ear ossicles and hyoid bone. However two parts are more prominent: the cranium and the mandible. In humans, t ...

. The pharyngeal teeth are unique to each species and are used by scientists to identify species. Strong pharyngeal teeth allow fish such as the

common carp The Eurasian carp or European carp (''Cyprinus carpio''), widely known as the common carp, is a widespread freshwater fish of eutrophic waters in lakes and large rivers in Europe and Asia.Fishbase''Cyprinus carpio'' Linnaeus, 1758/ref>Arkive The ...

and ide to eat hard baits such as

snails A snail is, in loose terms, a shelled gastropod. The name is most often applied to land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. However, the common name ''snail'' is also used for most of the members of the molluscan class Ga ...

and bivalves. Hearing is a well-developed sense in the cyprinids since they have the

Weberian organ The Weberian apparatus is an anatomical structure that connects the swim bladder to the auditory system in fishes belonging to the superorder Ostariophysi. When it is fully developed in adult fish, the elements of the apparatus are sometimes coll ...

, three specialized vertebral processes that transfer motion of the gas bladder to the inner ear. The vertebral processes of the Weberian organ also permit a cyprinid to detect changes in motion of the gas bladder due to atmospheric conditions or depth changes. The cyprinids are considered physostomes because the pneumatic duct is retained in adult stages and the fish are able to gulp air to fill the gas bladder, or they can dispose of excess gas to the gut. Giant Barb

Cyprinids are native to North America,

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...

, and

Eurasia Eurasia (, ) is the largest continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia. Primarily in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres, it spans from the British Isles and the Iberian Peninsula in the west to the Japanese archipelag ...

. The largest known cyprinid is the giant barb (''Catlocarpio siamensis''), which may grow up to in length and in weight. Other very large species that can surpass are the golden mahseer (''Tor putitora'') and mangar (''Luciobarbus esocinus''). The largest North American species is the Colorado pikeminnow (''Ptychocheilus lucius''), which can reach up to in length. Conversely, many species are smaller than . The smallest known fish is '' Paedocypris progenetica'', reaching at the longest. All fish in this family are egg-layers and most do not guard their eggs; however, a few species build nests and/or guard the eggs. The bitterlings of subfamily Acheilognathinae are notable for depositing their eggs in bivalve molluscs, where the young develop until able to fend for themselves. Cyprinids contain the first and only known example of androgenesis in a vertebrate, in the Squalius alburnoides allopolyploid complex. Most cyprinids feed mainly on

invertebrates Invertebrates are a paraphyletic group of animals that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column (commonly known as a ''backbone'' or ''spine''), derived from the notochord. This is a grouping including all animals apart from the chordate ...

and

vegetation Vegetation is an assemblage of plant species and the ground cover they provide. It is a general term, without specific reference to particular taxa, life forms, structure, spatial extent, or any other specific botanical or geographic charact ...

, probably due to the lack of teeth and stomach; however, some species, like the

asp Asp may refer to: Places * Asp, part of Densbüren, Aargau, Switzerland * Aspe (''Asp'' in Valencian), Alicante, Spain * Asp Lake, a lake in Minnesota Animals * Asp (fish) * Asp (snake), in antiquity, one of several venomous snakes ** ''Cera ...

, are predators that specialize in fish. Many species, such as the ide and the common rudd, prey on small fish when individuals become large enough. Even small species, such as the

moderlieschen ''Leucaspius delineatus'', known as the sunbleak, belica or moderlieschen is a species of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is currently the only species included in genus ''Leucaspius'', whereas formerly others were included, which no ...

, are opportunistic predators that will eat larvae of the

common frog The common frog or grass frog (''Rana temporaria''), also known as the European common frog, European common brown frog, European grass frog, European Holarctic true frog, European pond frog or European brown frog, is a semi-aquatic amphibian ...

in artificial circumstances. Some cyprinids, such as the grass carp, are specialized herbivores; others, such as the common nase, eat algae and

biofilm A biofilm comprises any syntrophic consortium of microorganisms in which cells stick to each other and often also to a surface. These adherent cells become embedded within a slimy extracellular matrix that is composed of extracellular ...

s, while others, such as the black carp, specialize in snails, and some, such as the silver carp, are specialized filter feeders. For this reason, cyprinids are often introduced as a management tool to control various factors in the aquatic environment, such as aquatic vegetation and diseases transmitted by snails. Unlike most fish species, cyprinids generally increase in abundance in eutrophic lakes. Here, they contribute towards positive feedback as they are efficient at eating the

zooplankton Zooplankton are the animal component of the planktonic community ("zoo" comes from the Greek word for ''animal''). Plankton are aquatic organisms that are unable to swim effectively against currents, and consequently drift or are carried along by ...

that would otherwise graze on the algae, reducing its abundance.

Relationship with humans

Food

Cyprinids are highly important food fish; they are fished and

farmed Agriculture or farming is the practice of cultivating plants and livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled peop ...

across

. In land-locked countries in particular, cyprinids are often the major species of fish eaten because they make the largest part of

biomass Biomass is plant-based material used as a fuel for heat or electricity production. It can be in the form of wood, wood residues, energy crops, agricultural residues, and waste from industry, farms, and households. Some people use the terms biom ...

in most water types except for fast-flowing rivers. In Eastern Europe, they are often prepared with traditional methods such as drying and salting. The prevalence of inexpensive

frozen Frozen may refer to: * the result of freezing * a paralysis response in extreme cases of fear Films * ''Frozen'' (1997 film), a film by Wang Xiaoshuai * ''Frozen'' (2005 film), a film by Juliet McKoen * ''Frozen'' (2007 film), a film by Sh ...

fish products made this less important now than it was in earlier times. Nonetheless, in certain places, they remain popular for food, as well as

recreational fishing Recreational fishing, also called sport fishing or game fishing, is fishing for leisure, exercise or competition. It can be contrasted with commercial fishing, which is professional fishing for profit; or subsistence fishing, which is fishing ...

, for ornamental use, and have been deliberately stocked in ponds and lakes for centuries for this reason.

Sport

Cyprinids are popular for angling especially for match fishing (due to their dominance in biomass and numbers) and fishing for common carp because of its size and strength.

As pest control

Several cyprinids have been introduced to waters outside their natural ranges to provide food, sport, or biological control for some

pest Pest or The Pest may refer to: Science and medicine * Pest (organism), an animal or plant deemed to be detrimental to humans or human concerns ** Weed, a plant considered undesirable * Infectious disease, an illness resulting from an infection ** ...

species. The common carp (''Cyprinus carpio'') and the grass carp (''Ctenopharyngodon idella'') are the most important of these, for example in

Florida Florida is a state located in the Southeastern region of the United States. Florida is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Bahamas and Atlantic Ocean, a ...

As a pest species

Carp in particular can stir up

sediment Sediment is a naturally occurring material that is broken down by processes of weathering and erosion, and is subsequently transported by the action of wind, water, or ice or by the force of gravity acting on the particles. For example, sa ...

, reducing the clarity of the water and making plant growth difficult. In America and Australia, such as the Asian carp in the Mississippi Basin, they have become

invasive species An invasive species otherwise known as an alien is an introduced organism that becomes overpopulated and harms its new environment. Although most introduced species are neutral or beneficial with respect to other species, invasive species adv ...

that compete with native fishes or disrupt the environment. ''Cyprinus carpio'' is a major pest species in Australia impacting freshwater environments, amenity, and the agricultural economy, devastating

biodiversity Biodiversity or biological diversity is the variety and variability of life on Earth. Biodiversity is a measure of variation at the genetic ('' genetic variability''), species ('' species diversity''), and ecosystem ('' ecosystem diversity' ...

by decimating native fish populations where they first became established as a major pest in the wild in the 1960s. In the major river system of eastern Australia, the Murray-Darling Basin, they constitute 80-90 per cent of fish biomass. In 2016 the federal government announced A$15.2 million to fund the National Carp Control Plan to investigate using Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (carp virus) as a biological control agent while minimising impacts on industry and environment should a carp virus release go ahead. Despite initial, favourable assessment, in 2020 this plan was found to be unlikely to work due to the high fecundity of the fish.

Aquarium fish

Numerous cyprinids have become important in the aquarium and fishpond hobbies, most famously the goldfish, which was bred in China from the Prussian carp (''Carassius (auratus) gibelio''). First imported into Europe around 1728, it was much fancied by Chinese nobility as early as 1150AD and after it arrived there in 1502, also in Japan. In the latter country, from the 18th century onwards, the common carp was bred into the ornamental variety known as koi – or more accurately , as simply means "common carp" in Japanese. Other popular aquarium cyprinids include danionins, rasborines, and true barbs. Larger species are bred by the thousands in outdoor ponds, particularly in

Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical United Nations geoscheme for Asia#South-eastern Asia, south-eastern region of Asia, consistin ...

, and trade in these aquarium fishes is of considerable commercial importance. The small rasborines and danionines are perhaps only rivalled by characids and poecilid livebearers in their popularity for community aquaria. One particular species of these small and undemanding danionines is the

zebrafish The zebrafish (''Danio rerio'') is a freshwater fish belonging to the minnow family (Cyprinidae) of the order Cypriniformes. Native to South Asia, it is a popular aquarium fish, frequently sold under the trade name zebra danio (and thus often c ...

(''Danio rerio''). It has become the standard model species for studying developmental genetics of

vertebrate Vertebrates () comprise all animal taxon, taxa within the subphylum Vertebrata () (chordates with vertebral column, backbones), including all mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish. Vertebrates represent the overwhelming majority of the ...

s, in particular fish.

Threatened families

Habitat destruction Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reduction) is the process by which a natural habitat becomes incapable of supporting its native species. The organisms that previously inhabited the site are displaced or dead, thereby ...

and other causes have reduced the wild stocks of several cyprinids to dangerously low levels; some are already entirely extinct. In particular, the cyprinids of the subfamily Leuciscinae from southwestern North America have been hit hard by

pollution Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse change. Pollution can take the form of any substance (solid, liquid, or gas) or energy (such as radioactivity, heat, sound, or light). Pollutants, the ...

and unsustainable water use in the early to mid-20th century; most globally extinct cypriniform species are in fact leuciscinid cyprinids from the southwestern United States and northern Mexico.

Systematics

The massive diversity of cyprinids has so far made it difficult to resolve their

phylogeny A phylogenetic tree (also phylogeny or evolutionary tree Felsenstein J. (2004). ''Inferring Phylogenies'' Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA.) is a branching diagram or a tree showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological spe ...

in sufficient detail to make assignment to subfamilies more than tentative in many cases. Some distinct lineages obviously exist – for example, the Cultrinae and Leuciscinae, regardless of their exact delimitation, are rather close relatives and stand apart from Cyprininaebut the overall

systematics Biological systematics is the study of the diversification of living forms, both past and present, and the relationships among living things through time. Relationships are visualized as evolutionary trees (synonyms: cladograms, phylogenetic t ...

and

taxonomy Taxonomy is the practice and science of categorization or classification. A taxonomy (or taxonomical classification) is a scheme of classification, especially a hierarchical classification, in which things are organized into groups or types. ...

of the Cyprinidae remain a subject of considerable debate. A large number of

are ''

incertae sedis ' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertain ...

'', too equivocal in their traits and/or too little-studied to permit assignment to a particular subfamily with any certainty. Part of the solution seems that the delicate rasborines are the core group, consisting of minor lineages that have not shifted far from their evolutionary niche, or have coevolved for millions of years. These are among the most basal lineages of living cyprinids. Other "rasborines" are apparently distributed across the diverse lineages of the family. The validity and circumscription of proposed subfamilies like the Labeoninae or

Squaliobarbinae Squaliobarbinae is a small subfamily of the carp and minnow family, Cyprinidae, which consists of three monotypic genera which have their natural distributions in eastern Asia. Two species, the grass carp (''Ctenopharyngodon idella'') and the ...

also remain doubtful, although the latter do appear to correspond to a distinct lineage. The sometimes-seen grouping of the large-headed carps ( Hypophthalmichthyinae) with '' Xenocypris'', though, seems quite in error. More likely, the latter are part of the Cultrinae. The entirely

paraphyletic In taxonomy (general), taxonomy, a group is paraphyletic if it consists of the group's most recent common ancestor, last common ancestor and most of its descendants, excluding a few Monophyly, monophyletic subgroups. The group is said to be pa ...

"Barbinae" and the disputed Labeoninae might be better treated as part of the Cyprininae, forming a close-knit group whose internal relationships are still little known. The small African " barbs" do not belong in '' Barbus'' ''

sensu stricto ''Sensu'' is a Latin word meaning "in the sense of". It is used in a number of fields including biology, geology, linguistics, semiotics, and law. Commonly it refers to how strictly or loosely an expression is used in describing any particular c ...

'' – indeed, they are as distant from the typical barbels and the typical carps (''Cyprinus'') as these are from ''

Garra ''Garra'' is a genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae. These fish are one example of the " log suckers", sucker-mouthed barbs and other cyprinids commonly kept in aquaria to keep down algae. The doctor fish of Anatolia and the Middle East be ...

'' (which is placed in the Labeoninae by most who accept the latter as distinct) and thus might form another as yet unnamed subfamily. However, as noted above, how various minor lineages tie into this has not yet been resolved; therefore, such a radical move, though reasonable, is probably premature. The

tench The tench or doctor fish (''Tinca tinca'') is a fresh- and brackish-water fish of the order Cypriniformes found throughout Eurasia from Western Europe including the British Isles east into Asia as far as the Ob and Yenisei Rivers. It is als ...

(''Tinca tinca''), a significant food species farmed in western Eurasia in large numbers, is unusual. It is most often grouped with the Leuciscinae, but even when these were rather loosely circumscribed, it always stood apart. A

cladistic Cladistics (; ) is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups (" clades") based on hypotheses of most recent common ancestry. The evidence for hypothesized relationships is typically shared derived ch ...

analysis of DNA sequence data of the S7

ribosomal protein A ribosomal protein (r-protein or rProtein) is any of the proteins that, in conjunction with rRNA, make up the ribosomal subunits involved in the cellular process of translation. ''E. coli'', other bacteria and Archaea have a 30S small subunit ...

intron An intron is any nucleotide sequence within a gene that is not expressed or operative in the final RNA product. The word ''intron'' is derived from the term ''intragenic region'', i.e. a region inside a gene."The notion of the cistron .e., gene ...

1 supports the view that it is distinct enough to constitute a

monotypic In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispec ...

subfamily. It also suggests it may be closer to the small

East Asia East Asia is the eastern region of Asia, which is defined in both geographical and ethno-cultural terms. The modern states of East Asia include China, Japan, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan. China, North Korea, South Korea ...

n ''

Aphyocypris ''Aphyocypris'' is a genus of cyprinid fishes consisting of eight species, all of which are restricted to East Asia. Species There are currently ten recognized species in this genus: * ''Aphyocypris amnis'' T. Y. Liao, S. O. Kullander & H. ...

'', '' Hemigrammocypris'', and '' Yaoshanicus''. They would have diverged roughly at the same time from cyprinids of east-central Asia, perhaps as a result of the Alpide orogeny that vastly changed the

topography Topography is the study of the forms and features of land surfaces. The topography of an area may refer to the land forms and features themselves, or a description or depiction in maps. Topography is a field of geoscience and planetary s ...

of that region in the late

Paleogene The Paleogene ( ; also spelled Palaeogene or Palæogene; informally Lower Tertiary or Early Tertiary) is a geologic period and system that spans 43 million years from the end of the Cretaceous Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of ...

, when their divergence presumably occurred. A DNA-based analysis of these fish places the Rasborinae as the basal lineage with the Cyprininae as a sister clade to the Leuciscinae. The subfamilies Acheilognathinae, Gobioninae, and Leuciscinae are monophyletic.

Subfamilies and genera

Pseudogobio esocinus(Hamamatsu,Shizuoka,Japan)

The 5th Edition of

Fishes of the World ''Fishes of the World'' by the American Ichthyology, ichthyologist Joseph S. Nelson (1937–2011) is a standard reference for fish systematics. Now in its fifth edition (2016), the work is a comprehensive overview of the diversity and classificat ...

sets out the following subfamilies:

Subfamily Acheilognathinae

* '' Acanthorhodeus'' (Khanka spiny bitterling) * '' Acheilognathus'' (bitterlings) * '' Rhodeus'' (bitterlings) * '' Tanakia'' (bitterlings)

Subfamily Alburninae

* '' Alburnoides'' * '' Alburnus'' (bleaks) * '' Aspiolucius'' (pike asp) * '' Metzia''

Subfamily Barbinae

* '' Acrossocheilus'' * '' Anchicyclocheilus'' * '' Aulopyge'' (Dalmatian barbelgudgeon) * '' Balantiocheilos'' * '' Barbus'' (typical barbels and barbs) * '' Carasobarbus'' * '' Clypeobarbus'' * '' Dawkinsia'' * '' Desmopuntius'' * '' Diptychus'' * ''

Enteromius ''Enteromius'' is a genus of small to medium-sized cyprinid fish native to tropical Africa. Most species were placed in the genus '' Barbus''. Species Species in this genus are: References External links {{Taxonbar, from=Q23072870 C ...

'' * '' Haludaria'' * '' Hsianwenia'' * '' Kalimantania'' * '' Luciobarbus'' * '' Mesopotamichthys'' * '' Neobarynotus'' * '' Oliotius'' * '' Oreichthys'' * '' Pethia'' * ''

Pseudobarbus ''Pseudobarbus'' is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cyprinidae. The type species is Burchell's redfin (''P. burchelli''). The scientific name is derived from the Ancient Greek ''pseudes'' ("false") and the Latin word ''barbus'' ("bear ...

'' (redfins) * '' Puntigrus'' * '' Puntius'' (spotted barbs) * '' Sahyadria'' * ''

Schizopyge ''Schizopyge'' is a genus of cyprinid freshwater fish found in Pakistan and the northwestern part of India. ''Schizopyge'' is closely related to ''Schizothorax ''Schizothorax'' is a genus of cyprinid fish found in southern and western China, ...

'' (snowtrouts) * ''

Schizothorax ''Schizothorax'' is a genus of cyprinid fish found in southern and western China, through northern South Asia ( Himalaya) and Central Asia, to Iran, with a single species, ''S. prophylax'', in Turkey.Yang, J.; J.X. Yang; and X.Y. Chen (2012). A ...

'' (snowtrouts) * '' Sinocyclocheilus'' (golden-line fish) * '' Striuntius'' * ''

Systomus ''Systomus'' is a genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae native to tropical Asia.Kottelat, M. (2013)The fishes of the inland waters of southeast Asia: A catalogue and core bibliography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters, mangroves and e ...

Subfamily Cultrinae

* '' Anabarilius'' * '' Chanodichthys'' * '' Culter'' * '' Cultrichthys'' * '' Hainania'' * '' Hemiculter'' (sharpbellies) * '' Ischikauia'' * '' Megalobrama'' * '' Parabramis'' (white Amur bream) * '' Paralaubuca'' * '' Pseudohemiculter'' * ''

Pseudolaubuca ''Pseudolaubuca'' is a genus of cyprinid fish from eastern Asia. There are currently four species in this genus. Species * '' Pseudolaubuca engraulis'' ( Nichols, 1925) * '' Pseudolaubuca hotaya'' Đ. Y. Mai, 1978 * '' Pseudolaubuca jouyi'' ( ...

'' * '' Sinibrama'' * ''

Toxabramis ''Toxabramis'' is a genus of cyprinid fish found in eastern Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares th ...

Subfamily Cyprininae

* ''

Arabibarbus ''Arabibarbus'' is a genus of Cyprinidae. They are medium-small to very large freshwater carps found in the Western Asia.Borkenhagen, K. (2014): A new genus and species of cyprinid fish (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) from the Arabian Peninsula, an ...

'' * ''

Barboides ''Barboides'' is a genus of very small ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae from freshwater habitats in West and Middle Africa. Species *''Barboides britzi'' Conway & Moritz, 2006 *''Barboides gracilis ''Barboides gracilis'' is a species ...

'' * '' Barbonymus'' (tinfoil barbs) * '' Capoeta'' (khramulyas) * '' Carassioides'' * ''

Carassius ''Carassius ''is a genus in the ray-finned fish family Cyprinidae. Most species in this genus are commonly known as crucian carps, though this term often specifically refers to '' C. carassius''. The most well known is the goldfish (''C. auratu ...

'' (Crucian carps and goldfish) * '' Cyprinus'' (typical carps) * '' Eechathalakenda'' * '' Gymnocypris''

Subfamily Danioninae

* '' Amblypharyngodon'' (carplets) * ''

Aspidoparia ''Aspidoparia'' is a small genus of cyprinid fishes that are found in South Asia South Asia is the southern subregion of Asia, which is defined in both geographical and ethno-cultural terms. The region consists of the countries of Afghan ...

'' * '' Barilius'' * '' Betadevario'' * '' Boraras'' (rasboras) * '' Cabdio'' * '' Chelaethiops'' * '' Chela'' * ''

Danio ''Danio'' is a genus of small freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae found in South and Southeast Asia, commonly kept in aquaria. They are generally characterised by a pattern of horizontal stripes, rows of spots or vertical bars. Some species ...

'' (danios) * '' Danionella'' * '' Devario'' * '' Esomus'' (flying barbs) * '' Engraulicypris'' * '' Fangfangia'' * ''

Horadandia ''Horadandia'' is a small genus of cyprinid fish from South Asia South Asia is the southern subregion of Asia, which is defined in both geographical Geography (from Greek: , ''geographia''. Combination of Greek words ‘Geo’ ...

'' * '' Inlecypris'' * '' Laubuka'' * '' Leptocypris'' * '' Luciosoma'' * '' Malayochela'' * '' Microdevario'' * '' Microrasbora'' * '' Nematabramis'' * '' Neobola'' * '' Opsaridium'' * '' Opsarius'' * '' Paedocypris'' * '' Pectenocypris'' * '' Raiamas'' * ''

Rasbora ''Rasbora'' is a genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae. They are native to freshwater habitats in South and specimen that reputedly originated from Africa (Cameroon), but this locality is considered doubtful. They are small, up to long, altho ...

'' * ''

Rasboroides ''Rasboroides'' is a genus of small cyprinid fishes endemic to Sri Lanka. They are found in small, slow-flowing and shaded streams in the southwestern part of the island. They are essentially restricted to lowlands, although one introduced po ...

'' * ''

Rasbosoma ''Rasbosoma'' is a genus of cyprinid fish found in the Mekong Basin The Mekong or Mekong River is a trans-boundary river in East Asia and Southeast Asia. It is the world's twelfth longest river and the third longest in Asia. Its estima ...

'' (dwarf scissortail rasbora) * '' Rastrineobola'' (silver cyprinid) * ''

Salmostoma The razorbelly minnows are a group of fish in the genus ''Salmostoma'' found in southern Asia. They have been placed in the genus ''Salmophasia'' but this is regarded as a junior synonym of ''Salmostoma''. Species There are currently 13 recogn ...

'' (razorbelly minnows) * '' Securicula'' * ''

Sundadanio ''Sundadanio'' is a genus of cyprinid fishes from freshwater habitats, typically peat swamps and blackwater streams, in Borneo and Sumatra (as well as nearby smaller islands) in southeast Asia. At up to in standard length they are very small, ...

'' * ''

Trigonopoma ''Trigonopoma'' is a genus of cyprinid fish found in Southeast Asia. There are two described species in this genus. Species * '' Trigonopoma gracile'' ( Kottelat, 1991) * ''Trigonopoma pauciperforatum ''Trigonopoma'' is a genus of cyprinid ...

'' * ''

Trigonostigma ''Trigonostigma'' is a genus of small cyprinid fish found in Southeast Asia. These social, colorful freshwater fish are often kept in aquariums. Species There are currently four recognized species in this genus: * ''Trigonostigma espei'' ( Mei ...

Subfamily Gobioninae

* ''

Abbottina ''Abbottina'' is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae, the carps and minnows. They are native to eastern Asia (China, Korea, Japan, and Vietnam).Froese, R. and D. Pauly. (Eds.''Abbottina'' species list.FishBase. 2011. The genus w ...

'' (false gudgeons) * '' Belligobio'' * '' Biwia'' * '' Coreius'' * '' Coreoleuciscus'' * '' Gnathopogon'' * '' Gobio'' (typical gudgeons) * '' Gobiobotia'' * '' Gobiocypris'' * ''

Hemibarbus ''Hemibarbus'' is a genus of cyprinid fish found in eastern Asia. There are currently 12 recognized species in this genus. Species * '' Hemibarbus brevipennus'' P. Q. Yue, 1995 * '' Hemibarbus labeo'' ( Pallas, 1776) (Barbel steed) * ''Hemib ...

'' (steeds) * '' Huigobio'' * '' Ladislavia'' * ''

Mesogobio ''Mesogobio'' is a genus of cyprinid fish that is found in Eastern Asia. There are currently two described species. Species There are currently two recognized species in this genus: * '' Mesogobio lachneri'' Bănărescu & Nalbant Nalbant is ...

'' * '' Microphysogobio'' * '' Paracanthobrama'' * '' Paraleucogobio'' * '' Parasqualidus'' * '' Platysmacheilus'' * '' Pseudogobio'' * ''

Pseudopungtungia ''Pseudopungtungia'' is a genus of cyprinid fish found in Korea Korea ( ko, 한국, or , ) is a peninsular region in East Asia. Since 1945, it has been divided at or near the 38th parallel, with North Korea (Democratic People's Republic ...

'' * '' Pseudorasbora'' * '' Pungtungia'' * '' Rhinogobio'' * '' Romanogobio'' * ''

Sarcocheilichthys ''Sarcocheilichthys'' is a genus of cyprinid fishes found in eastern Asia. There are currently 12 species in the genus. Species * '' Sarcocheilichthys biwaensis'' K. Hosoya, 1982 * ''Sarcocheilichthys caobangensis'' V. H. Nguyễn & V. B. V ...

'' * '' Saurogobio'' * '' Squalidus'' * '' Xenophysogobio''

Subfamily Labeoninae

* '' Bangana'' * '' Brevibora'' * '' Cirrhinus'' (mud carps) * '' Cophecheilus'' * '' Crossocheilus'' * '' Discocheilus'' * '' Discogobio'' * '' Discolabeo'' * ''

'' * '' Henicorhynchus'' * '' Horalabiosa'' * '' Hongshuia'' * '' Labeo'' (labeos) * '' Labeobarbus'' (yellowfish) * '' Labiobarbus'' * '' Longanalus'' * '' Osteochilichthys'' * '' Osteochilus'' * '' Paraqianlabeo'' * ''

Parasinilabeo ''Parasinilabeo'' is a genus of cyprinid fish endemic to China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ...

'' * ''

Placocheilus ''Placocheilus caudofasciatus'' is a species of cyprinid native to Laos, Vietnam and China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population e ...

'' * '' Protolabeo'' * '' Pseudocrossocheilus'' * '' Pseudogyrinocheilus'' * ''

Ptychidio ''Ptychidio'' is a genus of cyprinid fish endemic to China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly a ...

'' * '' Qianlabeo'' * ''

Rectoris ''Rectoris'' is a genus of cyprinid fish found in China and Vietnam. Species There are currently five recognized species in this genus: * ''Rectoris longibarbus ''Rectoris longibarbus'' is a species of cyprinid of the genus '' Rectoris''. ...

'' * '' Semilabeo'' * '' Sinigarra'' * ''

Sinilabeo ''Sinilabeo'' is a genus of cyprinid freshwater fish found in China and Vietnam. Species According to FishBase, there are currently six recognized species in this genus. Only two of these (marked with a star* in list) are recognized in this gen ...

'' * '' Sinocrossocheilus'' * '' Stenorynchoacrum'' * ''

Tariqilabeo ''Tariqilabeo'' is a genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae native to Asia.Kottelat, M. (2016): On ''Gonorynchus'', ''Gonorhynchus'', ''Gonorinchus'', ''Gonorhinchus'' and ''Gonorrhynchus'', and some other names of labeonine fishes (Teleostei: G ...

'' * ''

Vinagarra ''Vinagarra'' is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae endemic to Vietnam. Species There are currently 4 recognized species in this genus: * ''Vinagarra elongata'' V. H. Nguyễn & T. A. Bùi, 2010 * ''Vinagarra findolabium'' ( F. ...

'' * '' Vinalabeo''

Subfamily Leptobarbinae

* '' Leptobarbus'' Hemitremia flammea

Subfamily Leuciscinae

* '' Abramis'' (common bream) * '' Acanthobrama'' (bleaks) * '' Achondrostoma'' * ''

Anaecypris ''Anaecypris hispanica'', the Spanish minnowcarp, is a small species of ray-finned fish species in the family Cyprinidae Cyprinidae is a family of freshwater fish commonly called the carp or minnow family. It includes the carps, the true mi ...

'' * '' Acrocheilus'' (chiselmouth) * '' Agosia'' (longfin dace) * '' Algansea'' (Mexican chubs) * '' Aztecula'' (Aztec chub) * '' Ballerus'' (breams) * '' Blicca'' (silver bream) * '' Campostoma'' (stonerollers) * ''

Chondrostoma ''Chondrostoma'' (from the Ancient Greek roots (''khondros'') 'lump' + (''stoma'') 'mouth' = 'lump-mouth') is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. They are commonly known as nases, although this term is also used locally to den ...

'' (typical nases) * '' Chrosomus'' (typical daces) * '' Clinostomus'' (redside daces) * '' Codoma'' (ornate shiner) * '' Coreoleuciscus'' (Korean splendid dace) * '' Couesius'' (lake chub) * '' Cyprinella'' (satinfin shiners) * ''

Delminichthys ''Delminichthys'' is a genus of cyprinid fish which is found in the karst region of the Balkans, Eastern Europe. Until 2006 it was considered part of the genus ''Phoxinellus''. It currently contains four species. Species * ''Delminichthys adsper ...

'' * '' Dionda'' (desert minnows) * '' Eremichthys'' (desert dace) * '' Ericymba'' (longjaw minnows) * '' Erimystax'' (slender chubs) *

† A dagger, obelisk, or obelus is a typographical mark that usually indicates a footnote if an asterisk has already been used. The symbol is also used to indicate death (of people) or extinction (of species). It is one of the modern descendan ...

'' Evarra'' (Mexican daces) * '' Exoglossum'' (cutlips minnows) * '' Gila'' (western chubs) * '' Hemitremia'' (flame chub) * '' Hesperoleucus'' (California roach) * '' Hybognathus'' (silvery minnows) * '' Hybopsis'' (bigeye chubs) * '' Iberochondrostoma'' * '' Iberocypris'' * '' Iotichthys'' (least chub) * '' Kottelatia'' * '' Ladigesocypris'' * ''

Lavinia In Roman mythology, Lavinia ( ; ) is the daughter of Latinus and Amata, and the last wife of Aeneas. Creation It has been proposed that the character was in part intended to represent Servilia Isaurica, Emperor Augustus's first fiancée. Stor ...

'' (hitch) * ''

Lepidomeda ''Lepidomeda'' is a genus of cyprinid fish, commonly known as the spinedaces, found in western North America. Of the four known species, one is extinct and two are threatened. They appear to be fairly close to the leatherside chub and the spike ...

'' (spinedaces) * '' Leucalburnus'' * '' Leucaspius'' (moderlieschen) * '' Leuciscus'' (Eurasian daces) * '' Leucos'' * ''

Luxilus ''Luxilus'' is a genus of cyprinid fish found in North America. They are commonly known as highscale shiners. There are currently nine species in the genus. Species * '' Luxilus albeolus'' ( D. S. Jordan, 1889) (white shiner) * '' Luxilus car ...

'' (highscale shiners) * '' Lythrurus'' (finescale shiners) * '' Macrhybopsis'' (blacktail chubs) * '' Margariscus'' (pearl daces) * ''

Meda Meda may refer to: Places * Meda de Mouros, a parish in Tábua Municipality, Portugal * Medas, a parish in Gondomar Municipality, Portugal * Meda-Ela, Sri Lanka * Međa (Leskovac), village in the municipality of Leskovac, Serbia * Meda, Lombard ...

'' (pikedace) * '' Moapa'' (moapa dace) * '' Mylocheilus'' (peamouth) * '' Mylopharodon'' (hardhead) * '' Nocomis'' (hornyhead chubs) * '' Notemigonus'' (golden shiner) * '' Notropis'' (eastern shiners) * '' Opsopoeodus'' (pugnose minnow) * ''

Oregonichthys ''Oregonichthys'' is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. Collectively known as Oregon chubs, that term can also refer to ''O. crameri'' in particular. Species * ''Oregonichthys crameri'' ( Snyder, 1908) (Oregon chub) * ''Oreg ...

'' (Oregon chubs) * '' Orthodon'' (Sacramento blackfish) * '' Pachychilon'' * ''

Parachondrostoma ''Parachondrostoma'' is a genus of cyprinid fish found mostly in Spain with one species entering France. There are currently four species in this genus. Species There are currently four recognized species in this genus: * '' Parachondrostoma ...

'' * '' Pararhinichthys'' (cheat minnow) * '' Pelasgus'' * '' Pelecus'' (sabre carp) * ''

Petroleuciscus ''Petroleuciscus'' is a genus of four species of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. It was usually included in ''Leuciscus'' until recently. This genus unites the Ponto-Caspian chubs and daces. Recent research has indicated that ''Petroleu ...

'' (Ponto-Caspian chubs and daces) * '' Phenacobius'' (suckermouth minnows) * '' Phoxinellus'' * '' Phoxinus'' (Eurasian minnows and daces) * '' Pimephales'' (bluntnose minnows) * ''

Plagopterus The woundfin (''Plagopterus argentissimus'') is a species of minnow endemic to the Virgin River of the southwestern United States. It is the only species in the monotypic genus ''Plagopterus''. Description The woundfin is a small slender, silv ...

'' (woundfin) * ''

Platygobio The flathead chub (''Platygobio gracilis'') is a species of fish in the carp family, Cyprinidae. It is the only member of the monotypic genus ''Platygobio''.Froese, R. and D. Pauly, Eds. (2011)''Platygobio''.FishBase. It is native to North Ameri ...

'' (flathead chub) * '' Pogonichthys'' (splittails) * '' Protochondrostoma'' (South European nase) * '' Pseudochondrostoma'' * ''

Pseudophoxinus ''Pseudophoxinus'' is a genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae found in Western Asia. Species There are currently 29 recognized species in this genus: * '' Pseudophoxinus alii'' Küçük, 2007 (Pamphylian spring minnow) * '' Pseudophoxinus ...

'' * '' Pteronotropis'' (flagfin shiners) * '' Ptychocheilus'' (pikeminnows) * ''

Relictus The relict dace (''Relictus solitarius'') is a cyprinid fish of the Great Basin of western North America. It is the sole member of its genus. Relict dace coloration is variable, but generally dusky overall, with olive and brassy shades dorsall ...

'' (relict dace) * '' Rhinichthys'' (riffle daces, loach minnows) (including ''Tiaroga'') * ''

Rhynchocypris ''Rhynchocypris'' is a genus of fairly small Eurasian cyprinid fishes. There are currently seven described species in this genus. Species * '' Rhynchocypris czekanowskii'' ( Dybowski, 1869) (Czekanowski's minnow) * '' Rhynchocypris dementjevi'' ...

'' (Eurasian minnows) * '' Richardsonius'' (redside shiners) * '' Rutilus'' (roaches) * '' Sarmarutilus'' * '' Scardinius'' (rudds) * '' Semotilus'' (creek chubs) * '' Siphateles'' * ''

Snyderichthys ''Lepidomeda'' is a genus of cyprinid fish, commonly known as the spinedaces, found in western North America. Of the four known species, one is extinct and two are threatened. They appear to be fairly close to the leatherside chub and the spike ...

'' (spinedaces) * '' Squalius'' (European chubs) *

Stypodon The stumptooth minnow (''Stypodon signifer'') is an extinct species of cyprinid fish. It was found only in Mexico Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is ...

'' (stumptooth minnow) * '' Tampichthys'' * ''

Telestes ''Telestes'' is a genus of cyprinid fish. It was formerly usually included in ''Leuciscus''. Species There are currently 14 recognized species in this genus:Bogutskaya, N.G., Zupancic, P., Bogut, I. & Naseka, A.M. (2012): Two new freshwater fis ...

'' * '' Tribolodon'' * ''

Tropidophoxinellus ''Tropidophoxinellus'' is a genus of cyprinid fish found in Europe. There are currently two described species. Species * '' Tropidophoxinellus hellenicus'' ( Stephanidis, 1971) * '' Tropidophoxinellus spartiaticus'' ( Schmidt-Ries, 1943) Ref ...

'' * '' Vimba'' (Vimbas) * '' Yuriria''

Subfamily Tincinae

* '' Tanichthys'' * '' Tinca'' Trigonostigma somphongsi

Subfamily
Squaliobarbinae Squaliobarbinae is a small subfamily of the carp and minnow family, Cyprinidae, which consists of three monotypic genera which have their natural distributions in eastern Asia. Two species, the grass carp (''Ctenopharyngodon idella'') and the ...

* '' Ctenopharyngodon'' (grass carp) * '' Mylopharyngodon'' (black carp) * ''

Squaliobarbus The barbel chub (''Squaliobarbus curriculus'') is a species of cyprinid fish found in China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population e ...

Subfamily Xenocyprinae

* '' Distoechodon'' * '' Hypophthalmichthys'' (bighead carps) * '' Plagiognathops'' * '' Pseudobrama'' * '' Xenocypris''

''
Incertae sedis ' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertain ...
''

* '' Aaptosyax'' (giant salmon carp) * '' Acanthalburnus'' (bleaks) * ''

Acanthogobio ''Acanthogobio guentheri'' is a species of cyprinid fish endemic to China. It is only found in the Yellow and Sinin Rivers, and is the only recognized species in its genus. It reaches up to a length of 20 cm. Named in honor of the German-born ...

'' * '' Acapoeta'' * '' Albulichthys'' * '' Amblyrhynchichthys'' * '' Ancherythroculter'' * ''

'' * '' Araiocypris'' * '' Aspiorhynchus'' * '' Atrilinea'' * '' Barbichthys'' * '' Barbodes'' * '' Barbopsis'' (Somalian blind barb) * '' Caecobarbus'' (Congo blind barb) * ''

Caecocypris ''Caecocypris basimi'', the Haditha cavefish, is a species of cyprinid fish endemic to Iraq, only occurring in aquifers near Haditha. This cavefish is the only member of its genus. The species is classed as Critically endangered, possibly extin ...

'' * '' Candidia'' * ''

Capoetobrama ''Capoetobrama kuschakewitschi'' is a cyprinid fish that is found in Central Asia, in a region shared by Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. It is the only member of its genus. There are two recognized subspecie ...

'' * '' Catlocarpio'' * ''

Chagunius ''Chagunius'' is a genus of cyprinid fish containing three species which occur in South and Southeast Asia. Species There are currently three recognized species in this genus: * ''Chagunius baileyi ''Chagunius baileyi'' is a species of fres ...

'' * '' Chuanchia'' * '' Coptostomabarbus'' * '' Cosmochilus'' * ''

Cyclocheilichthys ''Cyclocheilichthys'' is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae containing approximately eight valid species. They are native to freshwater habitats in Southeast Asia and China. Two additional species are alternately placed in the g ...

'' * '' Cyprinion'' * ''

Diplocheilichthys ''Diplocheilichthys'' is a genus of cyprinid fish consisting of two species, both of which are endemic to Indonesia. Species * '' Diplocheilichthys jentinkii'' ( Popta, 1904) * '' Diplocheilichthys pleurotaenia'' (Bleeker Bleeker is a Dutch occu ...

'' * '' Discherodontus'' * ''

Eirmotus ''Eirmotus'' is a genus of cyprinid fish that is found in Southeast Asia. There are currently four recognized species in this genus. Species * '' Eirmotus furvus'' H. H. Tan & Kottelat, 2008 * '' Eirmotus insignis'' H. H. Tan & Kottelat, ...

'' * '' Elopichthys'' * '' Epalzeorhynchos'' * '' Folifer'' * '' Gibelion'' (catla) (some authorities consider this species to belong in the genus ''Catla'') * '' Gymnodanio'' * '' Gymnodiptychus'' * '' Hampala'' * '' Hemiculterella'' * '' Hemigrammocypris'' (close to ''Aphyocypris''?) * '' Herzensteinia'' * '' Hypselobarbus'' * '' Hypsibarbus'' * '' Laocypris'' * '' Lepidopygopsis'' * '' Linichthys'' * '' Lobocheilos'' * '' Longiculter'' * '' Luciobrama'' * '' Luciocyprinus'' * ''

Macrochirichthys ''Macrochirichthys macrochirus'', the long pectoral-fin minnow or giant sword minnow, is a species of cyprinid fish found in rivers and lakes in Southeast Asia (Vietnam and Thailand to the Greater Sundas) where it is used as a food fish. It is t ...

'' (long pectoral-fin minnow) * ''

Megarasbora ''Megarasbora elanga'' ( bn, এলং), commonly known as the Bengala barb is a fish of the carp family Cyprinidae, found commonly in rivers and freshwater lakes in and around Bangladesh. It reaches a maximum length of . It is a valued food fish ...

'' * '' Mekongina'' * '' Metzia'' * '' Mystacoleucus'' * '' Naziritor'' (Zhobi mahseers) * '' Neolissochilus'' (''mahseers'') * '' Nipponocypris'' * '' Ochetobius'' * '' Onychostoma'' * '' Opsariichthys'' * '' Oreoleuciscus'' * '' Osteobrama'' * '' Oxygaster'' * '' Oxygymnocypris'' * '' Parachela'' * '' Paracrossochilus'' * '' Parapsilorhynchus'' * '' Parasikukia'' * '' Paraspinibarbus'' * '' Parator'' * ''

Parazacco ''Parazacco'' is a genus of small freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae, native to China and Vietnam. Species According to FishBase, there are currently two recognized species in this genus, but the Catalog of Fishes Catalog of Fishes is ...

'' * '' Percocypris'' * '' Phreatichthys'' (Somalian cavefish) * '' Placogobio'' * '' Platypharodon'' * '' Pogobrama'' * ''

Poropuntius ''Poropuntius'' is a genus of cyprinid fish found mainly in freshwater habitats of Southeast Asia and Yunnan in China, but ''P. burtoni'' is from South Asia. Several species have highly restricted ranges and are threatened, and a single ''P. spel ...

'' * '' Probarbus'' * '' Procypris'' * '' Prolabeo'' * '' Prolabeops'' * '' Pseudaspius'' * '' Ptychobarbus'' * '' Puntioplites'' * '' Rasborichthys'' * '' Rohtee'' (Vatani rohtee) * '' Rohteichthys'' * '' Sanagia'' * '' Sawbwa'' (Sawbwa barb) * '' Scaphiodonichthys'' * '' Scaphognathops'' * '' Scardinius'' (rudds) * ''

Schismatorhynchos ''Schismatorhynchos'' is an Asian genus of cyprinid freshwater fish found in India, Borneo and Sumatra. There are four species in this genus, although some authorities raise ''Nukta'' to full generic status as a monotypic genus. Species * ' ...

'' * '' Schizocypris'' (snowtrouts) * '' Schizopygopsis'' (snowtrouts) * '' Semiplotus'' * '' Sikukia'' * '' Spinibarbus'' * ''

Thryssocypris ''Thryssocypris'' is a genus of cyprinid fish found in Southeast Asia. Species There are currently four recognized species in this genus: * '' Thryssocypris ornithostoma'' Kottelat, 1991 * '' Thryssocypris smaragdinus'' T. R. Roberts & Kottelat ...

'' * ''

Thynnichthys ''Thynnichthys'' is a genus of cyprinid fish found in southern Asia from India to Borneo. There are currently four species in this genus. Species * '' Thynnichthys polylepis'' Bleeker, 1860 * '' Thynnichthys sandkhol'' (Sykes, 1839) (Sandkhol c ...

'' * '' Tor'' ('' mahseers'') * '' Troglocyclocheilus'' * ''

'' * '' Typhlobarbus'' * '' Typhlogarra'' (Iraq blind barb) * '' Xenobarbus'' * '' Xenocyprioides'' * '' Zacco'' With such a large and diverse family the taxonomy and phylogenies are always being worked on so alternative classifications are being created as new information is discovered, for example:

Phylogeny

Subfamily Probarbinae * '' Catlocarpio'' * '' Probarbus'' Subfamily Labeoninae * Tribe Parapsilorhynchini ** ''

'' ** '' Neorohita'' ** '' Parapsilorhynchus'' ** '' Longanalus'' ** '' Protolabeo'' ** ''

'' * Tribe

Labeonini Labeoninae is a doubtfully distinct subfamily of ray-finned fishes in the family Cyprinidae of order Cypriniformes. They inhabit fresh water and the largest species richness is in the region around southern China, but there are also species e ...

** '' Bangana'' ** '' Cirrhinus'' (mud carps) ** '' Decourus'' ** '' Gymnostomus'' ** '' Incisilabeo'' ** '' Labeo'' (labeos) ** '' Speolabeo'' ** ''

'' * Tribe Garrini ** ''

'' ** '' Paracrossocheilus'' ** ''

'' ** '' Osteochilus'' clade *** '' Barbichthys'' *** '' Crossocheilus'' *** '' Epalzeorhynchos'' *** '' Henicorhynchus'' *** '' Labiobarbus'' *** '' Lobocheilos'' *** '' Osteochilus'' *** ''

'' ** '' Semilabeo'' clade *** ''

Ageneiogarra ''Garra'' is a genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae. These fish are one example of the " log suckers", sucker-mouthed barbs and other cyprinids commonly kept in aquaria to keep down algae. The doctor fish of Anatolia and the Middle East be ...

'' *** '' Altigena'' *** '' Cophecheilus'' *** '' Discogobio'' *** '' Hongshuia'' *** '' Linichthys'' *** '' Mekongina'' *** '' Paraqianlabeo'' *** ''

'' *** ''

'' *** '' Prolixicheilus'' *** '' Pseudocrossocheilus'' *** '' Pseudogyrinocheilus'' *** ''

'' *** '' Qianlabeo'' *** ''

'' *** '' Semilabeo'' *** '' Sinigarra'' *** '' Sinocrossocheilus'' *** '' Stenorynchoacrum'' Subfamily Torinae * '' Acapoeta'' * ''

'' * '' Barbopsis'' (Somalian blind barb) * '' Carasobarbus'' * '' Hypselobarbus'' * '' Labeobarbus'' (yellowfish) * '' Lepidopygopsis'' * '' Mesopotamichthys'' * '' Naziritor'' (Zhobi mahseers) * '' Neolissochilus'' ( mahseers) * '' Osteochilichthys'' * ''

Pterocapoeta ''Pterocapoeta maroccana'' is a species of cyprinid fish. It is found only in Morocco Morocco (),, ) officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is the westernmost country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It overlooks the Mediterranean Se ...

'' * '' Sanagia'' * '' Tor'' ( mahseers) * ''

'' Subfamily Smiliogastrinae * '' Barbodes'' * ''

'' * '' Caecobarbus'' (Congo blind barb) * ''

'' * '' Clypeobarbus'' * '' Coptostomabarbus'' * '' Dawkinsia'' * '' Desmopuntius'' * '' Eechathalakenda'' * ''

'' * '' Haludaria'' * '' Hampala'' * '' Oliotius'' * '' Oreichthys'' * '' Osteobrama'' * '' Pethia'' * '' Prolabeo'' * '' Prolabeops'' * ''

'' (redfins) * '' Puntigrus'' * '' Puntius'' (spotted barbs) * '' Rohtee'' (Vatani rohtee) * '' Sahyadria'' * '' Striuntius'' * ''

'' * '' Xenobarbus'' Subfamily Cyprininae Barbinae">ncl. Barbinae * Tribe Cyprinini ** '' Aaptosyax'' (giant salmon carp) ** '' Carassioides'' ** ''

'' (Crucian carps and goldfish) ** '' Cyprinus'' (typical carps) ** '' Luciocyprinus'' ** '' Paraspinibarbus'' ** '' Parator'' ** '' Procypris'' ** '' Pseudosinocyclocheilus'' ** '' Sinibarbus'' ** '' Sinocyclocheilus'' (golden-line fish) ** '' Typhlobarbus'' * Tribe Rohteichthyini ** '' Albulichthys'' ** '' Amblyrhynchichthys'' ** '' Anematichthys'' ** '' Balantiocheilos'' ** '' Barbonymus'' (tinfoil barbs) ** '' Cosmochilus'' ** ''

'' ** '' Cyclocheilos'' ** '' Discherodontus'' ** ''

'' ** '' Hypsibarbus'' ** '' Kalimantania'' ** '' Laocypris'' ** '' Mystacoleucus'' ** '' Parasikukia'' ** ''

'' ** '' Puntioplites'' ** '' Rohteichthys'' ** '' Sawbwa'' (Sawbwa barb) ** '' Scaphognathops'' ** '' Sikukia'' ** '' Troglocyclocheilus'' * Tribe Acrossocheilini ** '' Acrossocheilus'' ** '' Folifer'' ** '' Onychostoma'' * Tribe Spinibarbini ** '' Spinibarbus'' ** '' Spinibarbichthys'' * Tribe Schizothoracini ** '' Aspiorhynchus'' ** '' Percocypris'' ** ''

'' (snowtrouts) ** ''

'' (snowtrouts) * Tribe Schizopygopsini ** '' Chuanchia'' ** '' Diptychus'' ** '' Gymnocypris'' ** '' Gymnodiptychus'' ** '' Oreinus'' ** '' Oxygymnocypris'' ** '' Platypharodon'' ** '' Ptychobarbus'' ** '' Schizopygopsis'' (snowtrouts) * Tribe Barbini ** '' Aulopyge'' (Dalmatian barbelgudgeon) ** '' Barbus'' (typical barbels and barbs) ** '' Hsianwenia'' ** ''

'' ** '' Capoeta'' (khramulyas) ** '' Cyprinion'' ** '' Kantaka'' ** '' Luciobarbus'' ** '' Scaphiodonichthys'' ** '' Schizocypris'' (snowtrouts) ** '' Semiplotus'' Subfamily Danioninae * Tribe Paedocypridini ** '' Paedocypris'' * Tribe Sundadanionini ** '' Fangfangia'' ** ''

'' * Tribe Rasborini ** '' Amblypharyngodon'' (carplets) ** '' Boraras'' (rasboras) ** '' Brevibora'' ** ''

'' ** '' Kottelatia'' ** '' Pectenocypris'' ** ''

'' ** ''

'' (dwarf scissortail rasbora) ** ''

'' ** ''

'' * Tribe Danionini ** '' Betadevario'' ** ''

Brachydanio The danionins are a group of small, minnow-type fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae. Members of this group are mostly in the genera ''Danio'', ''Devario'', and ''Rasbora''._They_are_primarily_native_to_the_ s_...''._They_are_primarily_native ...

'' ** '' Celestichthys'' ** '' Chela'' ** ''

'' (danios) ** '' Danionella'' ** '' Devario'' ** '' Inlecypris'' ** '' Laubuka'' ** '' Microdevario'' ** '' Microrasbora'' * Tribe Chedrini ** '' Barilius'' ** '' Bengala'' ** '' Cabdio'' [''

''] ** '' Chelaethiops'' ** '' Engraulicypris'' ** '' Esomus'' (flying barbs) ** '' Leptocypris'' ** '' Luciosoma'' ** '' Malayochela'' ** '' Nematabramis'' ** '' Neobola'' ** '' Opsaridium'' ** '' Opsarius'' ** '' Raiamas'' ** '' Rastrineobola'' (silver cyprinid) ** ''

'' (razorbelly minnows) ** '' Securicula'' ** ''

'' Subfamily Leptobarbinae * '' Leptobarbus'' Hemitremia flammea

Subfamily Xenocypridinae [incl. Cultrinae &

] * Tribe Squaliobarbini ** ''

'' * Tribe Opsariichthyini ** '' Candidia'' ** '' Nipponocypris'' ** '' Opsariichthys'' ** ''

'' ** '' Xenocyprioides'' * Tribe Oxygastrini ** ''

'' ** '' Araiocypris'' ** '' Gymnodanio'' ** '' Hemigrammocypris'' ** ''

'' (long pectoral-fin minnow) ** '' Metzia'' ** '' Oxygaster'' ** '' Parachela'' ** '' Paralaubuca'' ** '' Rasborichthys'' * Tribe Hypophthalmichthyini ** '' Atrilinea'' ** '' Ctenopharyngodon'' (grass carp) ** '' Elopichthys'' ** '' Hypophthalmichthys'' (bighead carps) ** '' Luciobrama'' ** '' Mylopharyngodon'' (black carp) ** '' Ochetobius'' * Tribe Xenocypridini ** Subtribe Xenocypridina *** '' Distoechodon'' *** '' Plagiognathops'' *** '' Pseudobrama'' *** '' Xenocypris'' ** Subtribe Cultrina *** '' Anabarilius'' *** '' Chanodichthys'' *** '' Culter'' *** '' Ischikauia'' *** '' Longiculter'' *** '' Megalobrama'' *** '' Parabramis'' (white Amur bream) *** '' Pogobrama'' *** '' Sinibrama'' ** '' Hemiculter'' clade *** '' Hainania'' *** '' Hemiculter'' (sharpbellies) *** '' Pseudohemiculter'' *** ''

'' *** ''

'' Subfamily Tincinae * '' Tinca'' Subfamily Acheilognathinae ( bitterlings) * ?'' Acanthorhodeus'' (Khanka spiny bitterling) * '' Acheilognathus'' * '' Paratanakia'' * '' Pseudorhodeus'' * '' Rhodeus'' * '' Tanakia'' Subfamily Gobioninae * ''

''-'' Squalidus'' clade ** '' Belligobio'' ** ''

'' (steeds) ** '' Squalidus'' * Tribe Gobionini ** Subtribe Gobiobotiina *** '' Gobiobotia'' *** '' Xenophysogobio'' ** Subtribe Gobionina *** '' Gobio'' (typical gudgeons) *** ''

'' *** '' Romanogobio'' *** ''

'' ** Subtribe Armatogobionina *** ''

'' (false gudgeons) *** '' Biwia'' *** ?'' Huigobio'' *** '' Microphysogobio'' *** '' Platysmacheilus'' *** '' Pseudogobio'' *** '' Saurogobio'' * Tribe Sarcocheilichthyini ** '' Coreius'' ** '' Coreoleuciscus'' (Korean splendid dace) ** '' Gnathopogon'' ** '' Gobiocypris'' ** '' Ladislavia'' ** '' Paracanthobrama'' ** '' Paraleucogobio'' ** ?'' Parasqualidus'' ** ''

'' ** '' Pseudorasbora'' ** '' Pungtungia'' ** '' Rhinogobio'' ** ''

'' Subfamily Tanichthyinae * '' Tanichthys'' Subfamily Leuciscinae Alburninae">ncl. Alburninae * Tribe Phoxinini ** '' Oreoleuciscus'' ** '' Phoxinus'' (Eurasian minnows and daces) ** '' Pseudaspius'' * Tribe Laviniini ** Subtribe Chrosomina *** '' Chrosomus'' (typical daces) ** Subtribe Laviniina *** '' Eremichthys'' (desert dace) *** '' Gila'' (western chubs) *** '' Hesperoleucus'' (California roach) *** '' Klamathella'' *** ''

'' (hitch) *** '' Mylopharodon'' (hardhead) *** '' Orthodon'' (Sacramento blackfish) *** '' Ptychocheilus'' (pikeminnows) *** ''

'' (relict dace) *** '' Siphateles'' * Tribe Leuciscini ** '' Pachychilon'' clade *** '' Pachychilon'' ** '' Alburnoides'' clade *** '' Alburnoides'' ** Primitive Leuciscine clade *** ''

'' *** '' Leucalburnus'' *** '' Notemigonus'' (golden shiner) *** '' Pelasgus'' ** Subtribe Leuciscina *** '' Aspiolucius'' (pike asp) *** '' Leuciscus'' (Eurasian daces) *** '' Pelecus'' (sabre carp) ** Subtribe Abramina *** '' Abramis'' (common bream) *** '' Acanthobrama'' (bleaks) *** ''

'' *** ''

Mirogrex ''Mirogrex'' is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae found only in Israel and Syria. Species * '' Mirogrex hulensis'' Goren, Fishelson & Trewavas, 1973 (Hula bream) * '' Mirogrex terraesanctae'' Steinitz, 1952 (Kinneret bleak ...

'' *** '' Vimba'' (Vimbas) ** Subtribe Chondrostomina *** '' Achondrostoma'' *** '' Alburnus'' (bleaks) *** ''

'' *** ''

'' (typical nases) *** '' Iberochondrostoma'' *** '' Leucaspius'' (moderlieschen) *** '' Leucos'' *** ''

'' *** ''

'' (Ponto-Caspian chubs and daces) *** '' Phoxinellus'' *** '' Protochondrostoma'' (South European nase) *** '' Pseudochondrostoma'' *** ''

'' *** '' Rutilus'' (roaches) *** '' Sarmarutilus'' *** '' Scardinius'' (rudds) *** '' Squalius'' (European chubs) *** ''

'' *** ''

'' * Tribe Plagiopterini ** '' Couesius'' (lake chub) ** '' Hemitremia'' (flame chub) ** ''

'' (spinedaces) ** '' Margariscus'' (pearl daces) ** ''

'' (pikedace) ** ''

'' (woundfin) ** ''

'' (Eurasian minnows) ** '' Semotilus'' (creek chubs) **

'' (stumptooth minnow) * Tribe Pogonichthyini ** Subtribe Pogonichthyina *** '' Clinostomus'' (redside daces) *** '' Iotichthys'' (least chub) *** '' Mylocheilus'' (peamouth) *** '' Pogonichthys'' (splittails) *** '' Richardsonius'' (redside shiners) ** Subtribe Exoglossina *** '' Exoglossum'' (cutlips minnows) *** ''

'' (Oregon chubs) *** '' Pararhinichthys'' (cheat minnow) *** '' Rhinichthys'' (riffle daces, loach minnows) *** '' Tiaroga'' ** Subtribe Campostomina *** '' Campostoma'' (stonerollers) *** '' Nocomis'' (hornyhead chubs) ** Subtribe Hybognathina *** '' Agosia'' (longfin dace) *** '' Alburnops'' *** '' Algansea'' (Mexican chubs) *** ?'' Aztecula'' (Aztec chub) *** ?'' Ballerus'' (breams) *** ?'' Blicca'' (silver bream) *** '' Codoma'' (ornate shiner) *** '' Cyprinella'' (satinfin shiners) *** '' Dionda'' (desert minnows) *** ?'' Ericymba'' (longjaw minnows) *** ''

Erimonax Spotfin chub (''Cyprinella monacha'') is a ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae that is endemic to the Tennessee River watershed. Its other common names include turquoise shiner and chromium shiner. Appearance and anatomy Spotfin chub have an ...

'' *** '' Erimystax'' (slender chubs) ***

'' Evarra'' (Mexican daces) *** '' Graodus'' *** '' Hudsonius'' *** '' Hybognathus'' (silvery minnows) *** '' Hybopsis'' (bigeye chubs) *** ?'' Iberocypris'' *** ?'' Ladigesocypris'' *** ''

'' (highscale shiners) *** '' Lythrurus'' (finescale shiners) *** '' Macrhybopsis'' (blacktail chubs) *** '' Miniellus'' *** ?'' Moapa'' (moapa dace) *** '' Notropis'' (eastern shiners) *** '' Opsopoeodus'' (pugnose minnow) *** '' Phenacobius'' (suckermouth minnows) *** '' Pimephales'' (bluntnose minnows) *** ''

'' (flathead chub) *** '' Pteronotropis'' (flagfin shiners) *** ?''

'' (spinedaces) *** '' Tampichthys'' *** ?'' Tribolodon'' *** ?'' Yuriria''

''
Incertae sedis ' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertain ...
''

* '' Acanthalburnus'' (bleaks) * '' Acrocheilus'' (chiselmouth) * '' Ancherythroculter'' * '' Anchicyclocheilus'' * '' Gibelion'' (catla) (some authorities consider this species to belong in the genus ''Catla'') * '' Cultrichthys'' * '' Discocheilus'' * '' Discolabeo'' * '' Hemiculterella'' * '' Herzensteinia'' * '' Horalabiosa'' * ''

'' * '' Neobarynotus'' * '' Paracrossochilus'' * '' Phreatichthys'' (Somalian cavefish) * '' Placogobio'' * '' Scardinius'' (rudds) * ''

'' * '' Typhlogarra'' (Iraq blind barb) * '' Zacco''

References

External links

{{Authority control Ray-finned fish families Fish of North America Fish of Asia Fish of Europe Fish of Africa Extant Eocene first appearances

Biology and ecology

Relationship with humans

Food

Sport

As pest control

As a pest species

Aquarium fish

Threatened families

Systematics

Subfamilies and genera

Subfamily Acheilognathinae

Subfamily Alburninae

Subfamily Barbinae

Subfamily Cultrinae

Subfamily Cyprininae

Subfamily Danioninae

Subfamily Gobioninae

Subfamily Labeoninae

Subfamily Leptobarbinae

Subfamily Leuciscinae

Subfamily Tincinae

Subfamily Squaliobarbinae Squaliobarbinae is a small subfamily of the carp and minnow family, Cyprinidae, which consists of three monotypic genera which have their natural distributions in eastern Asia. Two species, the grass carp (''Ctenopharyngodon idella'') and the ...

Subfamily Xenocyprinae

''Incertae sedis ' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertain ...''

Phylogeny

''Incertae sedis ' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertain ...''

See also

References

External links

Subfamily
Squaliobarbinae Squaliobarbinae is a small subfamily of the carp and minnow family, Cyprinidae, which consists of three monotypic genera which have their natural distributions in eastern Asia. Two species, the grass carp (''Ctenopharyngodon idella'') and the ...

''
Incertae sedis ' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertain ...
''

''
Incertae sedis ' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertain ...
''