Coryciinae is a

subtribe Subtribe is a taxonomic category ranking which is below the rank of tribe and above genus. The standard suffix for a subtribe is -ina (in animals) or -inae (in plants Plants are predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plant ...

of orchids that has been differently defined and placed in the two classification systems that are currently in use for orchids. ''Genera Orchidacearum'', which is currently the definitive work on orchid taxonomy, delimits Coryciinae as consisting of five

genera Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclat ...

: ''

Disperis ''Disperis'' is a genus of plants in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It has about 78 species.Mark W. Chase, Kenneth M. Cameron, John V. Freudenstein, Alec M. Pridgeon, Gerardo A. Salazar, Cássio van den Berg, and André Schuiteman. 2015. "An upd ...

'', ''

Evotella ''Evotella'' is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It contains only one known species, ''Evotella rubiginosa'', endemic to South Africa. See also * List of Orchidaceae genera This is a list of genera in the orch ...

'', ''

Ceratandra ''Ceratandra'' is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It contains 6 known species, all endemic to South Africa. #'' Ceratandra atrata'' (L.) T.Durand & Schinz #'' Ceratandra bicolor'' Sond. ex Bolus #'' Ceratandra gl ...

'', ''

Pterygodium ''Pterygodium'' is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It found primarily in southern Africa (South Africa, Lesotho, Eswatini) but one species is endemic to Tanzania.Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.C. & Rasmusse ...

'', and ''

Corycium ''Corycium'' is a genus of terrestrial orchids comprising some 14 species in Eastern and Southern Africa including 10 species native to the fynbos. In South Africa they are called monkshood orchids. Their resting stage is a tuber and when grow ...

'', and it places Coryciinae in the mostly African tribe Diseae, along with four other subtribes: Brownleeinae, Huttonaeinae, Disinae, and Satyriinae.Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip J. Cribb, Mark W. Chase, and Finn N. Rasmussen. 1999-2014. ''Genera Orchidacearum'' Oxford University Press. (volume 1), (volume 2), (volume 3), (volume 4), (volume 5), (volume 6) The genera of Coryciinae are small to medium in size and the number of species in each genus is as follows: ''Disperis'' (78), ''Pterygodium'' (19), ''Corycium'' (15), ''Ceratandra'' (6), and ''Evotella'' (1).Mark W. Chase, Kenneth M. Cameron, John V. Freudenstein, Alec M. Pridgeon, Gerardo A. Salazar, Cássio van den Berg, and André Schuiteman. 2015. "An updated classification of Orchidaceae". ''Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society'' 177(2):151-174. (See ''External links'' below). Coryciinae was covered, along with the rest of the tribe Diseae, in volume 2 of ''Genera Orchidacearum'', which was published in 2001. Molecular phylogenetic studies published after 2001 showed that ''Disperis'' is most closely related to ''

Brownleea ''Brownleea'' is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae native to Africa and Madagascar. Eight species are known. #'' Brownleea coerulea'' Harv. ex Lindl. #'' Brownleea galpinii'' Bolus #'' Brownleea graminicola'' McMurt ...

'', rather than to the other genera of Coryciinae. They also showed that the tribe Diseae is

paraphyletic In taxonomy (general), taxonomy, a group is paraphyletic if it consists of the group's most recent common ancestor, last common ancestor and most of its descendants, excluding a few Monophyly, monophyletic subgroups. The group is said to be pa ...

over the tribe Orchideae.Richard J. Waterman, Anton Pauw, Timothy G. Barraclough, and Vincent Savolainen. 2009. "Pollinators underestimated: A molecular phylogeny reveals widespread floral convergence in oil-secreting orchids (sub-tribe Coryciinae) of the Cape of South Africa". ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' 51(1):100-110. . The smaller version of Coryciinae, with ''Disperis'' excluded, is known as Coryciinae

sensu stricto ''Sensu'' is a Latin word meaning "in the sense of". It is used in a number of fields including biology, geology, linguistics, semiotics, and law. Commonly it refers to how strictly or loosely an expression is used in describing any particular co ...

, and has 41 species. All are from southern Africa except ''

Pterygodium ukingense ''Pterygodium'' is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It found primarily in southern Africa (South Africa, Lesotho, Eswatini) but one species is endemic to Tanzania.Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.C. & Rasmusse ...

'', which is from Tanzania. Most are from the Cape Floristic Region. There is a second

center of diversity A center of origin is a geographical area where a group of organisms, either domesticated or wild, first developed its distinctive properties. They are also considered centers of diversity. Centers of origin were first identified in 1924 by Ni ...

in the Drakensberg. Coryciinae

s.s. The ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS; also stylized as ''ᛋᛋ'' with Armanen runes; ; "Protection Squadron") was a major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany, and later throughout German-occupied Europe duri ...

is distinct and supported by five morphological characters. In the

classification Classification is a process related to categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated and understood. Classification is the grouping of related facts into classes. It may also refer to: Business, organizat ...

for orchids that was published by Chase et alii in 2015, ''Disperis'' was transferred to the subtribe Brownleeinae and the tribe Orchideae was expanded to include the former Diseae, with Coryciinae as one of its subtribes. Coryciinae is

monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gro ...

and consists of two strongly supported

clade A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, ...

s. One clade consists of ''

Pterygodium alatum ''Pterygodium'' is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It found primarily in southern Africa (South Africa, Lesotho, Eswatini) but one species is endemic to Tanzania.Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.C. & Rasmusse ...

'', '' Corycium carnosum'', ''Evotella'', and ''Ceratandra''. The other clade consists of species of ''Pterygodium'' and ''Corycium'', with ''Corycium'' nested within ''Pterygodium''. Coryciinae orchids secrete oil from a lip appendage on their flowers, and pollination occurs when female Rediviva bees (Melittidae) collect the oil, probably for use as a larval provision (Pauw 2006; fig. 1A). As with other orchids, pollen is placed onto precise locations on the body of the pollinator in packages called pollinaria (Pauw 2006; fig. 1B). The oil-secreting lineages of Coryciinae are largely endemic to South Africa, with two centers of diversity: a summer-rainfall area centered in the Drakensberg range and a winter-rainfall area in the Western Cape province and Namaqualand (Linder and Kurzweil 1999). The subtribe Coryciinae was erected by George Bentham in 1881,Coryciinae in International Plant Names Index. (see ''External links'' below).George Bentham. 1881. page 288. In: "Notes on Orchideae". ''The Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany''. 18(110):281-367. (See ''External links'' below). in preparation for the publication of a new classification of orchids in the 1883 edition of ''Genera Plantarum'' (Bentham & Hooker).George Bentham and Joseph Dalton Hooker. 1883. ''Genera Plantarum'' (Bentham & Hooker) volume 3, part 2, pages 460-488. L.Reeve & Co.; Williams & Norgate: London, UK. (See ''External links'' below). Using the

suffix In linguistics, a suffix is an affix which is placed after the stem of a word. Common examples are case endings, which indicate the grammatical case of nouns, adjectives, and verb endings, which form the conjugation of verbs. Suffixes can carry ...

es of that time for taxonomic rank, he called it subtribe "Corycieae" of his now obsolete tribe Ophrydeae.

References

Sources

First citation in article

External links

An updated classification of Orchidaceae (2015)Botanical Journal of the Linnean SocietyWiley Online Library

CoryciinaePlant NamesIPNI

page 288volume 18''The Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany''titlesBHL

orchids, page 460View Book''Genera Plantarum'' (Bentham & Hooker, 1883) volume 3, part 2titlesBHL
{{Taxonbar, from=Q2141329 Orchid subtribes