''Conogethes'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

moth Moths are a paraphyletic group of insects that includes all members of the order Lepidoptera that are not butterflies, with moths making up the vast majority of the order. There are thought to be approximately 160,000 species of moth, many of ...

s in the subfamily

Spilomelinae Spilomelinae is a very species-rich subfamily of the lepidopteran family Crambidae, the crambid snout moths. With 4,135 described species in 344 genera worldwide, it is the most speciose group among pyraloids. Description Imagines – the adu ...

of the

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

Crambidae The Crambidae are the grass moth family of lepidopterans. They are variable in appearance, the nominal subfamily Crambinae (grass moths) taking up closely folded postures on grass stems where they are inconspicuous, while other subfamilies includ ...

. The currently 17 recognized species are distributed in the

Indomalayan The Indomalayan realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms. It extends across most of South and Southeast Asia and into the southern parts of East Asia. Also called the Oriental realm by biogeographers, Indomalaya spreads all over the Indi ...

and

Australasian realm The Australasian realm is a biogeographic realm that is coincident with, but not (by some definitions) the same as, the geographical region of Australasia. The realm includes Australia, the island of New Guinea (comprising Papua New Guinea an ...

. The genus contains several species that are considered

pests PESTS was an anonymous American activist group formed in 1986 to critique racism, tokenism, and exclusion in the art world. PESTS produced newsletters, posters, and other print material highlighting examples of discrimination in gallery represent ...

on economically important food plants such as ''

Ipomoea ''Ipomoea'' () is the largest genus in the plant family Convolvulaceae, with over 600 species. It is a large and diverse group, with common names including morning glory, water convolvulus or water spinach, sweet potato, bindweed, moonf ...

'', ''

Elettaria ''Elettaria'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Zingiberaceae. They are native to India and Sri Lanka, but cultivated and naturalized elsewhere. One member of the genus, '' E. cardamomum'', is a commercially important spice used as ...

'' and ''

Curcuma ''Curcuma'' () is a genus of plants in the family Zingiberaceae that contains such species as turmeric and Siam tulip. They are native to Southeast Asia, southern China, the Indian Subcontinent, New Guinea and northern Australia. Some specie ...

'', on ornamental plants like ''

Alpinia ''Alpinia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the ginger family, Zingiberaceae. It is named for Prospero Alpini, a 17th-century Italian botanist who specialized in exotic plants. Species are native to Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands, w ...

'', and on ''

Shorea Fruit of a ''Shorea'' species ''Shorea'' is a genus of about 196 species of mainly rainforest trees in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The genus is named after Sir John Shore, the governor-general of the British East India Company, 1793–1798. Th ...

'', ''

Dipterocarpus '' D. retusus'' in Köhler ''Dipterocarpus'' is a genus of flowering plants and the type genus of family Dipterocarpaceae. ''Dipterocarpus'' is the third-largest and most diverse genus among the Dipterocarpaceae. The species are well known fo ...

'' and several genera of the

pine family The Pinaceae, or pine family, are conifer trees or shrubs, including many of the well-known conifers of commercial importance such as cedars, firs, hemlocks, larches, pines and spruces. The family is included in the order Pinales, formerly known ...

, which are used as

timber Lumber is wood that has been processed into dimensional lumber, including Beam (structure), beams and plank (wood), planks or boards, a stage in the process of wood production. Lumber is mainly used for construction framing, as well as fini ...

trees. Within Spilomelinae, ''Conogethes'' is placed in the species-rich tribus

Margaroniini Margaroniini is a tribe of the species-rich subfamily Spilomelinae in the pyraloid moth family Crambidae. The tribe was erected by Charles Swinhoe and Everard Charles Cotes in 1889, originally as family Margaronidae. The tribe comprises a numb ...

, where it was found to be closely related to the genera '' Azochis'', '' Ghesquierellana'' and '' Megastes''. Imagines of ''Conogethes'' resemble in their wing pattern those of '' Marwitzia'', the '' Polygrammodes eleuata'' species complex and '' Syllepte incomptalis'', and to a lesser degree ''

Dichocrocis ''Dichocrocis'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. The genus was described by Julius Lederer in 1863. Species *'' Dichocrocis acoluthalis'' West, 1931 *''Dichocrocis actinialis'' Hampson, 1899 *'' Dichocrocis albilunalis'' Hampson, 19 ...

'', ''

Notarcha ''Notarcha'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae described by Edward Meyrick in 1884. Species *''Notarcha aurolinealis'' (Walker, 1859) *'' Notarcha auroralis'' (Moore, 1888) *'' Notarcha butyrina'' Meyrick, 1886 *''Notarcha cassusalis'' ...

'' and ''

Trigonobela ''Trigonobela'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae described by Alfred Jefferis Turner in 1915. Species *''Trigonobela nebridopepla'' Turner, 1915 *''Trigonobela perfenestrata'' (Butler, 1882) References

Spilomelinae Crambidae ...

''. The

polyphagous Feeding is the process by which organisms, typically animals, obtain food. Terminology often uses either the suffixes -vore, -vory, or -vorous from Latin ''vorare'', meaning "to devour", or -phage, -phagy, or -phagous from Greek φαγ� ...

Conogethes punctiferalis ''Conogethes punctiferalis'', the durian fruit borer or yellow peach moth, is a moth of the family Crambidae. Description The larvae live concealed in their foodplant in a case lined with silk. Full-grown larvae are about 20 mm long. It ...

'' is a major pest species in

India India, officially the Republic of India ( Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the ...

Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical United Nations geoscheme for Asia#South-eastern Asia, south-eastern region of Asia, consistin ...

and Australia and has therefore been the focus of extensive research. In several cases, populations of ''C. punctiferalis'' associated with different hosts were found, eventually resulting in the recognition of different species, such as '' C. parvipunctalis'', '' C. pinicolalis'' and '' C. sahyadriensis''.

DNA barcoding DNA barcoding is a method of species identification using a short section of DNA from a specific gene or genes. The premise of DNA barcoding is that by comparison with a reference library of such DNA sections (also called " sequences"), an indi ...

data indicates several additional undescribed species, and a comprehensive

taxonomic revision In biology, taxonomy () is the scientific study of naming, defining ( circumscribing) and classifying groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics. Organisms are grouped into taxa (singular: taxon) and these groups are give ...

of the genus is required to unravel the validity and circumscription of these new species.

DNA barcode DNA barcoding is a method of species identification using a short section of DNA from a specific gene or genes. The premise of DNA barcoding is that by comparison with a reference library of such DNA sections (also called "sequences"), an indiv ...

data for altogether 25

operational taxonomic unit An Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) is an operational definition used to classify groups of closely related individuals. The term was originally introduced in 1963 by Robert R. Sokal and Peter H. A. Sneath in the context of numerical taxonomy, w ...

s or BINs (Barcode Index Numbers) of ''Conogethes'' are stored in the

Barcode of Life Data System The Barcode of Life Data System (commonly known as BOLD or BOLDSystems) is a web platform specifically devoted to DNA barcoding. It is a cloud-based data storage and analysis platform developed at the Centre for Biodiversity Genomics in Canada. It ...

(BOLD), although only sequences of 19 of these BINs (or putative species) are publicly accessible.

Species

*'' Conogethes clioalis'' (Walker, 1859) *'' Conogethes diminutiva'' Warren, 1896 *'' Conogethes ersealis'' (Walker, 1859) *'' Conogethes evaxalis'' (Walker, 1859) *'' Conogethes haemactalis'' Snellen, 1890 *'' Conogethes mimastis'' Meyrick, 1897 *'' Conogethes pandamalis'' (Walker, 1859) *'' Conogethes parvipunctalis'' Inoue & Yamanaka, 2006 *''

Conogethes pinicolalis ''Conogethes pinicolalis'' is a moth in the diverse subfamily Spilomelinae of the family Crambidae. It was described by Hiroshi Inoue and Hiroshi Yamanaka in 2006, and is found in East and Southeast Asia, with records from Japan, Korea, China ( ...

'' Inoue & Yamanaka, 2006 *'' Conogethes pluto'' (Butler, 1887) *''

'' (Guenée, 1854) *'' Conogethes sahyadriensis'' Shashank, Kammar, Mally & Chakravarthy, 2018 *'' Conogethes semifascialis'' (Walker, 1866) *'' Conogethes spirotricha'' Meyrick, 1934 *'' Conogethes tenuialalis'' Chaovalit & Yoshiyasu in Chaovalit, Yoshiyasu, Hirai & Pinkaew, 2019 *'' Conogethes tharsalea'' (Meyrick, 1887) *'' Conogethes umbrosa'' Meyrick, 1886

Species

References

Further reading