''Coniothyrium glycines'' is a

fungal A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one of the tradit ...

plant pathogen infecting

soybean The soybean, soy bean, or soya bean (''Glycine max'') is a species of legume native to East Asia, widely grown for its edible bean. Soy is a staple crop, the world's most grown legume, and an important animal feed. Soy is a key source o ...

History

This fungus species has undergone various name changes. Originally described in 1957, from soyabean leaf lesions and it was classified as a new species in the genus ''Pyrenochaeta'', published as ''Pyrenochaeta glycines'' , due to the pycnidial stage (when shaped like a bulging vase) (Stewart, 1957). In another study, the pycnidial state was not observed, but

sclerotia A sclerotium (; : sclerotia () is a compact mass of hardened fungal mycelium containing food reserves. One role of sclerotia is to survive environmental extremes. In some higher fungi such as ergot, sclerotia become detached and remain dormant u ...

(a compact mass of hardened fungal

mycelium Mycelium (: mycelia) is a root-like structure of a fungus consisting of a mass of branching, thread-like hyphae. Its normal form is that of branched, slender, entangled, anastomosing, hyaline threads. Fungal colonies composed of mycelium are fo ...

containing food reserves) were seen within soyabean leaf lesions associated with red leaf blotch, and a new genus was formed and the fungus was published as ''Dactuliophora glycines'' on the basis of the sclerotial stage (Leakey, 1964). In 1986, ''Dactuliophora glycines'' was thought to be the sclerotial state of ''Pyrenochaeta glycines'' (Datnoff et al., 1986a). In 1988, the genus ''Dactuliochaeta'' was established to contain ''Pyrenochaeta glycines'' and its

synanamorph In mycology, the terms teleomorph, anamorph, and holomorph apply to portions of the life cycles of fungi in the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota: *Teleomorph: the sexual reproductive stage (morph), typically a fruiting body. *Anamorph: an asex ...

, ''Dactuliophora glycines'' (Hartman and Sinclair, 1988). In 2002, the fungus was then classified as a ''

Phoma ''Phoma'' is a genus of common coelomycetous soil fungi. It contains many plant pathogenic species. Description Spores are colorless and unicellular. The pycnidia are black and depressed in the tissues of the host. ''Phoma'' is arbitrarily lim ...

'' species on the basis of its similar production of pycniospores to other species of ''Phoma'' and the species was re-named ''Phoma glycinicola'' (de Gruyter and Boerema, 2002). In 2013, the fungus was placed in the genus ''

Coniothyrium ''Coniothyrium'' is a genus of fungi in the family Coniothyriaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Czech mycologist August Carl Joseph Corda in 1840. It was formerly placed in the Phaeosphaeriaceae family until 1983 when the family was establish ...

'' and then named as ''Coniothyrium glycines'' (de Gruyter et al., 2013) as a new combination because of its similarity of pycniospore production to that of other species in the genus ''Coniothyrium'', which differ from ''Phoma''. In the original description it was noted that the conidia were greenish-yellow in mass (Stewart, 1957), resembling coniothyrium-like conidia (de Gruyter et al., 2012). The fungus is unique as it produces well-defined, melanized sclerotia that can be infectious, or the species can produce pycnidia on their surface that then also produce infectious conidia (Hartman and Sinclair, 1988).

References

External links

Index Fungorum

USDA ARS Fungal Database
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Soybean diseases glycinicola Fungi described in 2002 Fungus species {{fungus-plant-disease-stub

History

See also

References

External links