Columbarium Heberti

A columbarium (; pl. columbaria), also called a cinerarium, is a structure for the reverential and usually public storage of funerary urns holding cremated remains of the dead. The term comes from the Latin ''columba'' (dove) and originally solely referred to compartmentalized housing for doves and pigeons, also called dovecotes.

Background

Roman columbaria were often built partly or completely underground. The Columbarium of Pomponius Hylas is an ancient Roman example, rich in frescoes, decorations, and precious mosaics.

Today's columbaria can be free-standing units or part of a mausoleum or another building. Some manufacturers produce columbaria built entirely offsite and brought to a cemetery by large truck. Many modern crematoria have columbaria. Examples of these are the columbaria in Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris and Golders Green Crematorium in London.

In other cases, columbaria are built into church structures. One example is the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels (Los Angeles, California), which houses several columbarium niches in the mausoleum built into the lower levels of the Cathedral. The construction of columbaria within churches is ubiquitous in the Czechoslovak Hussite Church. An example can be seen at the Church of St Nicolas in Old Town Square, Prague. In the Catholic Church, although traditional burial is still preferred, cremation is permitted provided that the cremated remains are entombed and that the cremation is not done for reasons contrary to the Catholic faith. As a result, they are within some Catholic cemeteries.

Columbaria are often closely similar in form to pagodas, which function as in-situ columbaria pavilions at Buddhist temples, which from ancient times have housed cremated ashes. In Buddhism, ashes may be placed in a columbarium (), which can be either attached to or a part of a Buddhist temple or cemetery. This practice allows survivors to visit the temple and carry out traditional memorials and ancestor rites.

Gallery

Lawnton-columbarium-wall.JPG, Columbarium wall, with flowers, plaques, and empty niches
Columbarium at Père-Lachaise Cemetery.jpg, Detail of the columbarium at Père Lachaise Cemetery, Paris
Ebingen_Kolumbarium.jpg, A modern columbarium in a small town (Ebingen, Germany)
Oakland-columbarium-s.jpg, Interior of columbarium at Chapel of the Chimes in Oakland, California. Some of the cinerary urns are book-shaped.
Columbarium at ArlingtonNationalCemetery.JPG, Columbarium at Arlington National Cemetery in Virginia. Each niche is covered with a marble plaque.
Columbarium and Funerary Chapel, Church of the Good Shepherd.jpg, Columbarium and Funerary Chapel, Episcopal Church of the Good Shepherd (Rosemont, Pennsylvania), United States
Columbarium Blera.jpg, Etruscan columbarium at ''Cava Buia'', Blera, Italy
Takidani-hudoumyououji-Nokotsudo.jpg, A traditional Japanese columbarium at the Takidani Fudōmyō-ō Temple, Osaka, Japan
1.3-Nan Tien Temple.jpg, A modern Chinese-style columbarium at Nan Tien Temple in Wollongong, Australia
Bratislava - Friedhof Raca, Urnenwand.JPG, Columbarium wall at the Rača cemetery in Bratislava

Caves in Israel

In the Beit Guvrin area several series of large caves dug into soft rock were found. There were several theories about their original use, for ritual burial, for growing pigeons to be used for ritual sacrifice, or for raising pigeons for fertilizer production. One such cave had been covered by an earthquake close to the time of its original usage and had no signs of secondary usage; neither ashes nor pigeon droppings were found in it.

See also

*Catacombs
*Charnel house
*Crypt
*Grave
*Ossuary
*Reliquary

References

External links

Photographs and commentary on ancient Roman columbaria

Columbarium with inner ossuary
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{{Authority control

Burial monuments and structures
Death customs