Codex Laudianus, designated by E^a or 08 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), α 1001 ( von Soden), called ''Laudianus'' after the former owner, Archbishop William Laud. It is a diglot

Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power ...

— Greek uncial

manuscript A manuscript (abbreviated MS for singular and MSS for plural) was, traditionally, any document written by hand – or, once practical typewriters became available, typewritten – as opposed to mechanically printed or reproduced ...

of the New Testament, palaeographically assigned to the 6th century. The manuscript contains the Acts of the Apostles.

Description

The manuscript is a diglot, with Greek and Latin in parallel columns on the same page, with the Latin in the left-hand column. The codex contains 227 parchment leaves, sized , with almost the complete text of the Book of Acts ( lacuna in 26:29-28:26). It is the earliest known manuscript to contain Acts 8:37. The text is written in two columns per page, 24 and more lines per page. It is arranged in very short lines of only one to three words each. The text is written colonmetrically.

Text

The Greek text of this codex exhibits a mixture of text-types, usually the Byzantine, but there are many Western and some Alexandrian readings. According to

Kurt Aland Kurt Aland (28 March 1915 – 13 April 1994) was a German theologian and biblical scholar who specialized in New Testament textual criticism. He founded the '' Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung'' (Institute for New Testament Textua ...

it agrees with the Byzantine text-type 36 times, and 21 times with the Byzantine when it has the same reading as the Alexandrian text. It agrees 22 times with the Alexandrian text against the Byzantine. It has 22 independent or distinctive readings (''Sonderlesarten''). Aland placed it in Category II. It contains Acts 8:37, as do the manuscripts

323 Year 323 (Roman numerals, CCCXXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Severus and Rufinus (or, less frequently, year 10 ...

, 453, 945, 1739,

1891 Events January–March * January 1 ** Paying of old age pensions begins in Germany. ** A strike of 500 Hungarian steel workers occurs; 3,000 men are out of work as a consequence. **Germany takes formal possession of its new Africa ...

, 2818, and several others. Most other Greek manuscripts do not contain Acts 8:37 In Acts 12:25, the Latin text of the codex reads ''from Jerusalem to Antioch'', along with

429 Year 429 ( CDXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Florentius and Dionysius (or, less frequently, year 1182 '' Ab ur ...

, 945, 1739, p, syr^p, cop^sa geo; The Majority Text reads εις Ιερουσαλημ (''to Jerusalem''); In Acts 16:10, it reads θεος along with P⁷⁴, Sinaiticus,

Alexandrinus The Codex Alexandrinus (London, British Library, Royal MS 1. D. V-VIII), designated by the siglum A or 02 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts), δ 4 (in the von Soden numbering of New Testament manuscripts), is a ma ...

, Vaticanus, Ephraemi, 044, 33, 81,

181 Year 181 ( CLXXXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Aurelius and Burrus (or, less frequently, year 934 ''Ab urbe condit ...

, 326, 630, 945, 1739, ar, e, l, vg, cop^bo, geo; other manuscripts read κυριος - D, P, 049,

056 56 may refer to: * 56 (number) * one of the years 56 BC, AD 56, 1856 Events January–March * January 8 – Borax deposits are discovered in large quantities by John Veatch in California. * January 23 – American paddle steame ...

, 0142, 88,

104 104 may refer to: *104 (number), a natural number *AD 104, a year in the 2nd century AD * 104 BC, a year in the 2nd century BC * 104 (MBTA bus), Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority bus route *Hundred and Four (or Council of 104), a Carthagini ...

330 __NOTOC__ Year 330 ( CCCXXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Gallicanus and Tullianus (or, less frequently, year 1 ...

436 __NOTOC__ Year 436 ( CDXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Isodorus and Senator (or, less frequently, year 1189 ' ...

, 451, 614, 629, 1241, 1505, 1877, 2127, 2412, 2492, 2495, Byz, c, d, gig, syr^p,h, cop^sa. In Acts 18:26, it reads την οδον του κυριου along with manuscripts 1505, 2495, and lectionary 598. In Acts 20:28, it reads του κυριου (''of the Lord'') along with the manuscripts:

Papyrus 74 Papyrus 74 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), designated by 𝔓74, is a copy of the New Testament in Greek. It is a papyrus manuscript of the Acts of the Apostles and Catholic epistles with lacunae. The manuscript paleographically had been ...

, C*, D, Ψ, 33, 36, 453, 945, 1739, and

.For other variants of this verse see: Textual variants in the Acts of the Apostles.

History

It was probably written in Sardinia, during the Byzantine occupation, and therefore after 534 ('' terminus a quo''). It was written before 716 ('' terminus ad quem''), as it was used by Beda Venerabilis in his ''Expositio Actuum Apostolorum Retractata''. "It was brought to England probably by Theodore of Tarsus, Archbishop of Canterbury, in 668, or by Ceolfrid, Abbot of Wearmouth and Jarrow, in the early part of the eighth century. It was probably deposited in one of the great monasteries in the north of England." Frederic Kenyon
"Chapter VII: The Manuscripts of the New Testament"
''Our Bible and the ancient manuscripts'' (1939). It eventually came into the possession of William Laud, who donated the manuscript to the

Bodleian Library The Bodleian Library () is the main research library of the University of Oxford, and is one of the oldest libraries in Europe. It derives its name from its founder, Sir Thomas Bodley. With over 13 million printed items, it is the sec ...

Oxford Oxford () is a city in England. It is the county town and only city of Oxfordshire. In 2020, its population was estimated at 151,584. It is north-west of London, south-east of Birmingham and north-east of Bristol. The city is home to the Un ...

in 1636, where it is still located (Cat. number: Laud. Gr. 35 1397, I,8). Thomas Hearne published a transcription of its text in 1715, but not a very good one. This was followed by a transcription done by Hansell in 1864, and then by

Constantin von Tischendorf Lobegott Friedrich Constantin (von) Tischendorf (18 January 18157 December 1874) was a German biblical scholar. In 1844, he discovered the world's oldest and most complete Bible dated to around the mid-4th century and called Codex Sinaiticus ...

in 1870.C. R. Gregory
"Canon and Text of the New Testament"
(T. & T. Clark: Edinburgh 1907), p. 363 The manuscript was examined by

Johann Jakob Griesbach Johann Jakob Griesbach (4 January 1745 – 24 March 1812) was a German biblical textual critic. Griesbach's fame rests upon his work in New Testament criticism, in which he inaugurated a new epoch. His solution to the synoptic problem bears his na ...

, Ropes, Motzo, Poole, Clark, Lagrange, and Walther.

Notes

References

External links

* R. Waltz

''Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism'' (2007)

* {{Cite web , url = http://ntvmr.uni-muenster.de/en_GB/liste/?ObjID=20008 , title=Liste Handschriften , publisher=Institute for New Testament Textual Research , accessdate=8 March 2011, location=Münster
MS Laud Gr. 35
Images available on Digital Bodleian
MS Laud Gr. 35
In the Bodleian Libraries Catalogue of Medieval Manuscripts Laudianus Vetus Latina New Testament manuscripts 6th-century biblical manuscripts Bodleian Library collection