The fungal
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
''Cochliobolus'' includes 19
species
A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...
,
[ it includes some ]plant pathogenic
Plant diseases are diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungus, fungi, oomycetes, bacterium, bacteria, plant virus, vi ...
species such as ''Cochliobolus heterostrophus''. A lot of former ''Cochliobolus'' species were transferred to either ''Curvularia
''Curvularia'' is a genus of Hyphomycetes, hyphomycete (Mold (fungus), mold) fungus, fungi which can be pathogens but also act as beneficial partners of many plant species. They are common in soil. Most ''Curvularia'' species are found in tropica ...
'' or ''Bipolaris
''Bipolaris'' is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Pleosporaceae. It was circumscribed by mycologist Robert A. Shoemaker in 1959.
It has a cosmopolitan distribution worldwide.
Species
, the GBIF lists up to 71 species, while Species Fung ...
'' genera.[
''Cochliobolus heterostrophus'' is known from "southern corn blight" which affects corn and maize.
]
Heterothallism and homothallism
Those fungi
A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one ...
that need a partner to mate are referred to as heterothallic
Heterothallic species have sexes that reside in different individuals. The term is applied particularly to distinguish heterothallic fungi, which require two compatible partners to produce sexual spores, from homothallic ones, which are capable ...
(self-sterile), and those fungi not needing a partner are referred to as homothallic In fungi and algae, homothallism refers to the condition in which a single individual or thallus carries the genetic determinants (i.e., both mating types or sexes) required to undergo sexual reproduction without the need for a distinct mating partn ...
(self-fertile). A study of DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (; DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix. The polymer carries genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth and reproduction of al ...
sequences of mating type Mating types are the microorganism equivalent to sexes in multicellular lifeforms and are thought to be the ancestor to distinct sexes. They also occur in multicellular organisms such as fungi.
Definition
Mating types are the microorganism equival ...
loci from different heterothallic and homothallic species in the genus ''Cochliobolus'' suggests that homothallism can be derived from heterothallism by recombination.[Yun SH1, Berbee ML, Yoder OC, Turgeon BG. Evolution of the fungal self-fertile reproductive life style from self-sterile ancestors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 May 11;96(10):5592-7. PMCID: PMC21905 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.10.5592]
Species
As accepted by Species Fungorum
''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names (Binomial nomenclature, scientific names) in the fungus Kingdom (biology), kingdom. As of 2015, the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partn ...
;Cochliobolus akaiiensis
The fungal genus ''Cochliobolus'' includes 19 species, it includes some plant pathogenic species such as ''Cochliobolus heterostrophus''. A lot of former ''Cochliobolus'' species were transferred to either ''Curvularia'' or ''Bipolaris'' genera.
...
''
*''Cochliobolus bicolor
The fungal genus ''Cochliobolus'' includes 19 species, it includes some plant pathogenic species such as ''Cochliobolus heterostrophus''. A lot of former ''Cochliobolus'' species were transferred to either ''Curvularia'' or ''Bipolaris'' genera.
...
''
*''Cochliobolus boutelouae
The fungal genus ''Cochliobolus'' includes 19 species, it includes some plant pathogenic species such as ''Cochliobolus heterostrophus''. A lot of former ''Cochliobolus'' species were transferred to either ''Curvularia'' or ''Bipolaris'' genera.
...
''
*''Cochliobolus buteae
The fungal genus ''Cochliobolus'' includes 19 species, it includes some plant pathogenic species such as ''Cochliobolus heterostrophus''. A lot of former ''Cochliobolus'' species were transferred to either ''Curvularia'' or ''Bipolaris'' genera.
...
''
*''Cochliobolus eleusines
The fungal genus ''Cochliobolus'' includes 19 species, it includes some plant pathogenic species such as ''Cochliobolus heterostrophus''. A lot of former ''Cochliobolus'' species were transferred to either ''Curvularia'' or ''Bipolaris'' genera.
...
''
*'' Cochliobolus geniculatus''
*''Cochliobolus heliconiae
The fungal genus ''Cochliobolus'' includes 19 species, it includes some plant pathogenic species such as ''Cochliobolus heterostrophus''. A lot of former ''Cochliobolus'' species were transferred to either ''Curvularia'' or ''Bipolaris'' genera.
...
''
*''Cochliobolus heterostrophus
''Cochliobolus heterostrophus'' is a fungal plant pathogen. It can cause southern corn leaf blight in maize.
''Cochliobolus heterostrophus'' is found in many tropical regions and in the southern part of the US. ''Cochliobolus'', although not ...
''
*''Cochliobolus heveicola
The fungal genus ''Cochliobolus'' includes 19 species, it includes some plant pathogenic species such as ''Cochliobolus heterostrophus''. A lot of former ''Cochliobolus'' species were transferred to either ''Curvularia'' or ''Bipolaris'' genera.
...
''
*''Cochliobolus luttrellii
The fungal genus ''Cochliobolus'' includes 19 species, it includes some Plant pathology, plant pathogenic species such as ''Cochliobolus heterostrophus''. A lot of former ''Cochliobolus'' species were transferred to either ''Curvularia'' or ''Bip ...
''
*''Cochliobolus miakei
The fungal genus ''Cochliobolus'' includes 19 species, it includes some plant pathogenic species such as ''Cochliobolus heterostrophus''. A lot of former ''Cochliobolus'' species were transferred to either ''Curvularia'' or ''Bipolaris'' genera.
...
''
*''Cochliobolus neergaardii
The fungal genus ''Cochliobolus'' includes 19 species, it includes some plant pathogenic species such as ''Cochliobolus heterostrophus''. A lot of former ''Cochliobolus'' species were transferred to either ''Curvularia'' or ''Bipolaris'' genera.
...
''
*''Cochliobolus ovariicola
The fungal genus ''Cochliobolus'' includes 19 species, it includes some plant pathogenic species such as ''Cochliobolus heterostrophus''. A lot of former ''Cochliobolus'' species were transferred to either ''Curvularia'' or ''Bipolaris'' genera.
...
''
*''Cochliobolus palmivora
The fungal genus ''Cochliobolus'' includes 19 species, it includes some plant pathogenic species such as ''Cochliobolus heterostrophus''. A lot of former ''Cochliobolus'' species were transferred to either ''Curvularia'' or ''Bipolaris'' genera.
...
''
*''Cochliobolus sasae
The fungal genus ''Cochliobolus'' includes 19 species, it includes some plant pathogenic species such as ''Cochliobolus heterostrophus''. A lot of former ''Cochliobolus'' species were transferred to either ''Curvularia'' or ''Bipolaris'' genera.
...
''
*''Cochliobolus setariae
''Cochliobolus setariae'' is a fungal plant pathogen
Plant diseases are diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi, ...
''
*''Cochliobolus sitharamii
The fungal genus ''Cochliobolus'' includes 19 species, it includes some plant pathogenic species such as ''Cochliobolus heterostrophus''. A lot of former ''Cochliobolus'' species were transferred to either ''Curvularia'' or ''Bipolaris'' genera.
...
''
*'' Cochliobolus sporoboli''
*''Cochliobolus tritici
The fungal genus ''Cochliobolus'' includes 19 species, it includes some plant pathogenic species such as ''Cochliobolus heterostrophus''. A lot of former ''Cochliobolus'' species were transferred to either ''Curvularia'' or ''Bipolaris'' genera.
...
''
Former species (all within Pleosporaceae family);[
* ''C. aberrans'' = '' Johnalcornia aberrans''
* ''C. australiensis'' = '']Curvularia tsudae
''Curvularia'' is a genus of Hyphomycetes, hyphomycete (Mold (fungus), mold) fungus, fungi which can be pathogens but also act as beneficial partners of many plant species. They are common in soil. Most ''Curvularia'' species are found in tropica ...
''
* ''C. carbonum'' = '' Bipolaris zeicola''
* ''C. chloridis '' = ''Bipolaris chloridis
''Bipolaris'' is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Pleosporaceae. It was circumscribed by mycologist Robert A. Shoemaker in 1959.
It has a cosmopolitan distribution worldwide.
Species
, the GBIF lists up to 71 species, while Species Fung ...
''
* ''C. cymbopogonis'' = '' Curvularia cymbopogonis''
* ''C. cynodontis'' = ''Bipolaris cynodontis
''Bipolaris'' is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Pleosporaceae. It was circumscribed by mycologist Robert A. Shoemaker in 1959.
It has a cosmopolitan distribution worldwide.
Species
, the GBIF lists up to 71 species, while Species Fung ...
''
* ''C. dactyloctenii'' = '' Curvularia dactyloctenii''
* ''C. ellisii'' = '' Drechslera ellisii''
* ''C. eragrostidis'' = '' Curvularia eragrostidis''
* ''C. graminicola'' = '' Curvularia graminicola''
* ''C. hawaiiensis'' = '' Curvularia hawaiiensis''
* ''C. heteropogonis'' = ''Curvularia heteropogonis
''Curvularia'' is a genus of hyphomycete (mold) fungi which can be pathogens but also act as beneficial partners of many plant species. They are common in soil. Most ''Curvularia'' species are found in tropical regions, though a few are found in ...
''
* ''C. kusanoi'' = ''Curvularia kusanoi
''Curvularia'' is a genus of hyphomycete (mold) fungi which can be pathogens but also act as beneficial partners of many plant species. They are common in soil. Most ''Curvularia'' species are found in tropical regions, though a few are found in ...
''
* ''C. lunatus'' = ''Curvularia lunata
''Cochliobolus lunatus'' is a fungal plant pathogen that can cause disease in humans and other animals. The anamorph of this fungus is known as ''Curvularia lunata'', while ''C. lunatus'' denotes the teleomorph or sexual stage. They are, however ...
''
* ''C. melinidis'' = ''Bipolaris melinidis
''Bipolaris'' is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Pleosporaceae. It was circumscribed by mycologist Robert A. Shoemaker in 1959.
It has a cosmopolitan distribution worldwide.
Species
, the GBIF lists up to 71 species, while Species Fung ...
''
* ''C. microlaenae'' = ''Bipolaris microlaenae
''Bipolaris'' is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Pleosporaceae. It was circumscribed by mycologist Robert A. Shoemaker in 1959.
It has a cosmopolitan distribution worldwide.
Species
, the GBIF lists up to 71 species, while Species Fungo ...
''
* ''C. miyabeanus'' = '' Bipolaris oryzae''
* ''C. nisikadoi'' = ''Curvularia coicis
''Curvularia'' is a genus of hyphomycete (mold) fungi which can be pathogens but also act as beneficial partners of many plant species. They are common in soil. Most ''Curvularia'' species are found in tropical regions, though a few are found in ...
''
* ''C. nodulosus'' = ''Curvularia nodulosa
''Curvularia'' is a genus of hyphomycete (mold) fungi which can be pathogens but also act as beneficial partners of many plant species. They are common in soil. Most ''Curvularia'' species are found in tropical regions, though a few are found in ...
''
* ''C. pallescens'' = '' Curvularia pallescens''
* ''C. peregianensis'' = '' Bipolaris peregianensis''
* ''C. perotidis'' = ''Curvularia perotidis
''Curvularia'' is a genus of hyphomycete (mold) fungi which can be pathogens but also act as beneficial partners of many plant species. They are common in soil. Most ''Curvularia'' species are found in tropical regions, though a few are found in ...
''
* ''C. ravenelii'' = ''Curvularia ravenelii
''Curvularia'' is a genus of hyphomycete (mold) fungi which can be pathogens but also act as beneficial partners of many plant species. They are common in soil. Most ''Curvularia'' species are found in tropical regions, though a few are found in ...
''
* ''C. sativus'' = '' Bipolaris sorokiniana''
* ''C. spicifer'' = ''Curvularia spicifera
''Cochliobolus spicifer'' is a fungal plant pathogen
Plant diseases are diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi ...
''
* ''C. stenospilus'' = ''Bipolaris stenospila
''Cochliobolus stenospilus'' is a fungal plant pathogen that causes the disease "brown stripe" in sugar cane
Sugarcane or sugar cane is a species of tall, Perennial plant, perennial grass (in the genus ''Saccharum'', tribe Andropogoneae) th ...
''
* ''C. tripogonis'' = ''Curvularia tripogonis
''Curvularia'' is a genus of hyphomycete (mold) fungi which can be pathogens but also act as beneficial partners of many plant species. They are common in soil. Most ''Curvularia'' species are found in tropical regions, though a few are found in ...
''
* ''C. tuberculatus'' = '' Curvularia tuberculata''
* ''C. verruculosus'' = ''Curvularia verruculosa
''Curvularia'' is a genus of hyphomycete (mold) fungi which can be pathogens but also act as beneficial partners of many plant species. They are common in soil. Most ''Curvularia'' species are found in tropical regions, though a few are found in ...
''
* ''C. victoriae'' = ''Bipolaris victoriae
''Cochliobolus victoriae'' is a fungal plant pathogen. It caused the disease called "Victoria blight" affecting oat
The oat (''Avena sativa''), sometimes called the common oat, is a species of cereal grain grown for its seed, which is kn ...
''
* ''C. zeae'' = '' Bipolaris zeae''
See also
* Phytopathology
Plant pathology or phytopathology is the scientific study of plant diseases caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Plant pathology involves the study of pathogen identification, disease ...
References
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
{{Pleosporales stub