The fungal
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
''Cochliobolus'' includes 19
species
A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...
,
[ it includes some ]plant pathogenic
Plant diseases are diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungus, fungi, oomycetes, bacterium, bacteria, plant virus, vi ...
species such as ''Cochliobolus heterostrophus''. A lot of former ''Cochliobolus'' species were transferred to either ''Curvularia
''Curvularia'' is a genus of Hyphomycetes, hyphomycete (Mold (fungus), mold) fungus, fungi which can be pathogens but also act as beneficial partners of many plant species. They are common in soil. Most ''Curvularia'' species are found in tropica ...
'' or ''Bipolaris
''Bipolaris'' is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Pleosporaceae. It was circumscribed by mycologist Robert A. Shoemaker in 1959.
It has a cosmopolitan distribution worldwide.
Species
, the GBIF lists up to 71 species, while Species Fung ...
'' genera.[
''Cochliobolus heterostrophus'' is known from "southern corn blight" which affects corn and maize.
]
Heterothallism and homothallism
Those fungi
A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one ...
that need a partner to mate are referred to as heterothallic
Heterothallic species have sexes that reside in different individuals. The term is applied particularly to distinguish heterothallic fungi, which require two compatible partners to produce sexual spores, from homothallic ones, which are capable ...
(self-sterile), and those fungi not needing a partner are referred to as homothallic In fungi and algae, homothallism refers to the condition in which a single individual or thallus carries the genetic determinants (i.e., both mating types or sexes) required to undergo sexual reproduction without the need for a distinct mating partn ...
(self-fertile). A study of DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (; DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix. The polymer carries genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth and reproduction of al ...
sequences of mating type loci from different heterothallic and homothallic species in the genus ''Cochliobolus'' suggests that homothallism can be derived from heterothallism by recombination.[Yun SH1, Berbee ML, Yoder OC, Turgeon BG. Evolution of the fungal self-fertile reproductive life style from self-sterile ancestors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 May 11;96(10):5592-7. PMCID: PMC21905 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.10.5592]
Species
As accepted by Species Fungorum
''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names (Binomial nomenclature, scientific names) in the fungus Kingdom (biology), kingdom. As of 2015, the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partn ...
;[
* ''C. aberrans'' = '' Johnalcornia aberrans''
* ''C. australiensis'' = '' Curvularia tsudae''
* ''C. carbonum'' = '' Bipolaris zeicola''
* ''C. chloridis '' = '' Bipolaris chloridis''
* ''C. cymbopogonis'' = '' Curvularia cymbopogonis''
* ''C. cynodontis'' = '' Bipolaris cynodontis''
* ''C. dactyloctenii'' = '' Curvularia dactyloctenii''
* ''C. ellisii'' = '' Drechslera ellisii''
* ''C. eragrostidis'' = '' Curvularia eragrostidis''
* ''C. graminicola'' = '' Curvularia graminicola''
* ''C. hawaiiensis'' = '' Curvularia hawaiiensis''
* ''C. heteropogonis'' = '' Curvularia heteropogonis''
* ''C. kusanoi'' = '' Curvularia kusanoi''
* ''C. lunatus'' = '' Curvularia lunata''
* ''C. melinidis'' = '' Bipolaris melinidis''
* ''C. microlaenae'' = '' Bipolaris microlaenae''
* ''C. miyabeanus'' = '' Bipolaris oryzae''
* ''C. nisikadoi'' = '' Curvularia coicis''
* ''C. nodulosus'' = '' Curvularia nodulosa''
* ''C. pallescens'' = '' Curvularia pallescens''
* ''C. peregianensis'' = '' Bipolaris peregianensis''
* ''C. perotidis'' = '' Curvularia perotidis''
* ''C. ravenelii'' = '' Curvularia ravenelii''
* ''C. sativus'' = '' Bipolaris sorokiniana''
* ''C. spicifer'' = '' Curvularia spicifera''
* ''C. stenospilus'' = '' Bipolaris stenospila''
* ''C. tripogonis'' = '' Curvularia tripogonis''
* ''C. tuberculatus'' = '' Curvularia tuberculata''
* ''C. verruculosus'' = '' Curvularia verruculosa''
* ''C. victoriae'' = '' Bipolaris victoriae''
* ''C. zeae'' = '' Bipolaris zeae''
]
See also
* Phytopathology
Plant pathology or phytopathology is the scientific study of plant diseases caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Plant pathology involves the study of pathogen identification, disease ...
References
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
{{Pleosporales stub