The sac spiders of the family Clubionidae have a very confusing taxonomic history. Once, this family was a large catch-all taxon for a disparate collection of

spider Spiders (order Araneae) are air-breathing arthropods that have eight legs, chelicerae with fangs generally able to inject venom, and spinnerets that extrude silk. They are the largest order of arachnids and rank seventh in total species d ...

s, similar only in that they had eight eyes arranged in two rows and conical anterior spinnerets that touched, and were wandering predators that built silken retreats, or sacs, usually on plant terminals, between leaves, under bark, or under rocks. These are now recognized to include several families, some of which are more closely related to the three-clawed spiders, like

lynx A lynx is a type of wild cat. Lynx may also refer to: Astronomy * Lynx (constellation) * Lynx (Chinese astronomy) * Lynx X-ray Observatory, a NASA-funded mission concept for a next-generation X-ray space observatory Places Canada * Lynx, Ontar ...

and

wolf spider Wolf spiders are members of the family Lycosidae (). They are robust and agile hunters with excellent eyesight. They live mostly in solitude, hunt alone, and do not spin webs. Some are opportunistic hunters, pouncing upon prey as they find it or ...

s, than to Clubionidae and related families.Tree of Life Web Project. 2006. Clubionidae. Version 25 March 2006 (temporary). http://tolweb.org/Clubionidae/2675/2006.03.25 in The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/

General

The remnant Clubionidae now consist of a few over 500 species in 15 genera worldwide. However, "sac spider" used on its own should imply a member of the family Clubionidae, but other common names may use the phrase "sac spider" including: * Anyphaenidae (anyphaenid sac spider) *

Corinnidae Corinnidae is a family of araneomorph spiders, sometimes called corinnid sac spiders. The family, like other "clubionoid" families, has a confusing taxonomic history. Once it was a part of the large catch-all taxon Clubionidae, now very much sma ...

(corinnid sac spider) * Liocranidae (liocranid sac spider) * Miturgidae (long-legged sac spider) * Tengellidae (merged into

Zoropsidae Zoropsidae, also known as false wolf spiders for their physical similarity to wolf spiders, is a family of cribellate araneomorph spiders first described by Philipp Bertkau in 1882. They can be distinguished from wolf spiders by their two rows ...

) *

Zorocratidae Zorocratidae is a formerly accepted family of spiders. Most of the genera formerly placed in this family have been transferred to the family Udubidae. The type genus, ''Zorocrates'', is now placed in the Zoropsidae. * ''Campostichomma'' Karsc ...

(merged into

) , the

World Spider Catalog The World Spider Catalog (WSC) is an online searchable database concerned with spider taxonomy. It aims to list all accepted families, genera and species, as well as provide access to the related taxonomic literature. The WSC began as a series of ...

accepts the following genera: *''

Arabellata ''Arabellata'' is a genus of South Pacific The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctic ...

'' Baert, Versteirt & Jocqué, 2010 — New Guinea *''

Carteroniella ''Carteroniella'' is a monotypic genus of African sac spiders containing the single species, ''Carteroniella macroclava''. It was first described by Embrik Strand in 1907, and has only been found in South Africa. , the genus is considered a ''no ...

'' Strand, 1907 — South Africa *'' Carteronius'' Simon, 1897 — Madagascar, Mauritius, Sierra Leone *'' Clubiona'' Latreille, 1804 — Africa, North America, Asia, Oceania, South America, Europe, Panama *''

Clubionina ''Clubionina'' is a monotypic genus of sac spiders containing the single species, ''Clubionina pallida''. It was first described by Lucien Berland in 1947, and has only been found on Île Saint-Paul. References Clubionidae Monotypic ...

'' Berland, 1947 — St. Paul Is. *''

Elaver ''Elaver'' is a genus of sac spiders first described by Octavius Pickard-Cambridge in 1898. Species it contains fifty-three species: *'' Elaver achuca'' (Roddy, 1966) — USA *'' Elaver albicans'' (Franganillo, 1930) — Cuba, Jamaica *'' E ...

'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898 — North America, Caribbean, Central America, South America, Philippines *'' Femorbiona'' Yu & Li, 2021 — China, Vietnam *'' Invexillata'' Versteirt, Baert & Jocqué, 2010 — New Guinea *'' Malamatidia'' Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001 — Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia *'' Matidia'' Thorell, 1878 — Asia, Papua New Guinea *'' Nusatidia'' Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001 — Asia *'' Porrhoclubiona'' Lohmander, 1944 — Asia, Africa, Europe *'' Pristidia'' Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001 — Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia *'' Pteroneta'' Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001 — Asia, Australia *'' Ramosatidia'' Yu & Li, 2021 — China *'' Scopalio'' Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001 — Indonesia *''

Simalio ''Simalio'' is a genus of sac spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1897. Species it contains eight species from Sri Lanka and India to southeast Asia, with one species restricted to Trinidad: *'' Simalio aurobindoi'' Patel & Reddy, ...

'' Simon, 1897 — Asia, Trinidad *''

Sinostidia ''Sinostidia'' is a small genus of east Asian sac spiders. It was first described by J. S. Zhang, H. Yu and S. Q. Li in 2021, and it has only been found in China. it contains only two species: '' S. dujiao'' and '' S. shuangjiao''. See also * L ...

'' Yu & Li, 2021 — China *''

Tixcocoba ''Tixcocoba'' is a monotypic genus of North American sac spiders containing the single species, ''Tixcocoba maya''. It was first described by Willis J. Gertsch Willis John Gertsch (October 4, 1906 – December 12, 1998) was an American arach ...

'' Gertsch, 1977 — Mexico In North America, the family as it is now recognised consists of only two genera, ''Clubiona'' and ''Elaver'' (formerly ''Clubionoides''). ''Clubiona'' is nearly worldwide in distribution.

References

External links

Platnick, N.I. 2003. World Spider Catalog 8.0

* ttps://web.archive.org/web/20090305003004/http://ohioline.osu.edu/hyg-fact/2000/2060A.html

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sac Spider Clubionidae, *