The Accademia di Belle Arti di Bologna ('academy of fine arts of Bologna') is a public

tertiary Tertiary (from Latin, meaning 'third' or 'of the third degree/order..') may refer to: * Tertiary period, an obsolete geologic period spanning from 66 to 2.6 million years ago * Tertiary (chemistry), a term describing bonding patterns in organic ch ...

academy An academy (Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of tertiary education. The name traces back to Plato's school of philosophy, founded approximately 386 BC at Akademia, a sanctuary of Athena, the go ...

fine art In European academic traditions, fine art (or, fine arts) is made primarily for aesthetics or creative expression, distinguishing it from popular art, decorative art or applied art, which also either serve some practical function (such as ...

Bologna Bologna ( , , ; ; ) is the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna region in northern Italy. It is the List of cities in Italy, seventh most populous city in Italy, with about 400,000 inhabitants and 150 different nationalities. Its M ...

, Italy. It has a campus in

Cesena Cesena (; ) is a city and ''comune'' (municipality) in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy; and - with Forlì - is the capital of the Province of Forlì-Cesena. Served by Autostrada A14 (Italy), Autostrada A14, and located near the Apennine M ...

Giorgio Morandi Giorgio Morandi (July 20, 1890 – June 18, 1964) was an Italian painter and printmaker widely known for his subtly muted still-life paintings of ceramic vessels, flowers, and landscapes—their quiet, meditative quality reflecting the artist's ...

taught

engraving Engraving is the practice of incising a design on a hard, usually flat surface by cutting grooves into it with a Burin (engraving), burin. The result may be a decorated object in itself, as when silver, gold, steel, or Glass engraving, glass ar ...

at the Accademia for more than 25 years.

History

Background

The earliest art academy documented in Bologna was the Accademia dei Desiderosi, later known as the Accademia degli Incamminati, founded in or before 1582 by

Ludovico Ludovico () is an Italian masculine given name. It is sometimes spelled Lodovico. The feminine equivalent is Ludovica. Persons with the name Ludovico Given name * Ludovico D'Aragona (1876–1961), Italian socialist politician * Ludovico Arios ...

, Agostino and

Annibale Carracci Annibale Carracci ( , , ; November 3, 1560 – July 15, 1609) was an Italian painter and instructor, active in Bologna and later in Rome. Along with his brother Agostino Carracci, Agostino and cousin Ludovico Carracci, Ludovico (with whom the Ca ...

, and sometimes known also as the Accademia dei Carracci. In 1706, Giampietro Zanotti and other artists met at

Palazzo Fava Palazzo Fava or Palazzo Fava-Ghisilieri is a historic palace at 2 via Manzoni in Bologna, now housing art exhibitions and the Caffè Letterario Carracci Fava. It is most notable for its three rooms of frescoes of scenes from the lives of Jason, M ...

to establish a new academy. The Accademia dei Pittori was inaugurated in the house of

Luigi Ferdinando Marsili Count (nobility), Count Luigi Ferdinando Marsili (or Marsigli, ; 10 July 1658 – 1 November 1730) was an Italian scholar and natural scientist, who also served as an emissary and soldier. Biography Born in Bologna, he was a member of an an ...

on 2 January 1710; the statute was approved by

Pope Clement XI Pope Clement XI (; ; ; 23 July 1649 – 19 March 1721), born Giovanni Francesco Albani, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 23 November 1700 to his death in March 1721. Clement XI was a patron of the arts an ...

in October 1711, and the academy took the name Accademia Clementina. It became part of the Istituto delle Scienze e Arti Liberali, founded with the support of the pope by Marsili on 12 December 1711, which in 1714 changed its name to Accademia delle Scienze dell'Istituto di Bologna. The Accademia Clementina occupied one floor of

Palazzo Poggi The Palazzo Poggi is a '' palazzo'' in Via Zamboni 33, Bologna, Italy. It is the headquarters of the University of Bologna and of the rector of the university. History The Palazzo Poggi was built as the home of Alessandro Poggi and his brother ...

, at that time known as Palazzo Cellesi; the Accademia delle Scienze was on the floor above, and the Specola, or astronomical observatory, above that.

Carlo Cignani Carlo Cignani (; 15 May 1628 – 8 September 1719) was an Italian painter. His innovative style referred to as his 'new manner' introduced a reflective, intimate mood of painting and presaged the later pictures of Guido Reni and Guercino, as well ...

and Donato Creti taught at the Accademia Clementina, as did three members of the Galli family of

set designer Scenic design, also known as stage design or set design, is the creation of scenery for theatrical productions including plays and musicals. The term can also be applied to film and television productions, where it may be referred to as prod ...

s from

Bibbiena Bibbiena () is a town and ''comune'' in the province of Arezzo, Tuscany (Italy), the largest town in the valley of Casentino. It is located from Florence, from Arezzo, from Siena, and from the Sanctuary of La Verna. There are approximately 11, ...

in the

Casentino The Casentino is the valley in which the first tract of the river Arno flows to Subbiano, Italy. It is one of the four valleys (alongside Valdarno, Valdichiana, and Valtiberina) in which the Province of Arezzo is divided. Mount Falterona, from w ...

: Ferdinando,

Francesco Francesco, the Italian language, Italian (and original) version of the personal name "Francis (given name), Francis", is one of the List of most popular given names, most common given name among males in Italy. Notable persons with that name inclu ...

and

Giuseppe Giuseppe is the Italian form of the given name Joseph, from Latin Josephus, Iōsēphus from Ancient Greek Ἰωσήφ (Iōsḗph), from Hebrew יוסף. The feminine form of the name is Giuseppa or Giuseppina (given name), Giuseppina. People wit ...

. Other artists associated with the academy include Vittorio Bigari,

Gaetano Gandolfi Gaetano Gandolfi (31 August 1734 – 20 June 1802) was an Italian painter, draughtsman and sculptor of the late Baroque period, mainly active in and around Bologna. He is known for his biblical, mythological and allegorical subjects, as well as hi ...

, Ercole Lelli,

Francesco Rosaspina Francesco Rosaspina (2 January 1762 – 2 September 1841) was an Italian engraver and painter. Biography Rosaspina was born in Montescudo, near Rimini. His father, Giovanni Battista, was a notary and a magistrate by profession. As an infant, his ...

and Angelo Venturoli. The Accademia Clementina was suppressed in 1796 after the Napoleonic invasion of Italy.

The Accademia di Belle Arti

In 1802 the Napoleonic administration founded a new academy, the Accademia Nazionale di Belle Arti di Bologna, in the buildings of the former Jesuit church and convent of Sant'Ignazio, built by

Alfonso Torreggiani Alfonso Torreggiani (1682–1764) was an Italian architect of the Rococo period, principally associated with Bologna. Life Torregiani was born in Budrio. An apprentice of Giuseppe Antonio Torri, he became intensely active in the city of B ...

between 1728 and 1735. The name was changed in 1805 to Reale Accademia di Belle Arti; in 1815, following the fall of Napoleon and the return of papal authority, the academy was again renamed, to Accademia Pontificia di Belle Arti. After the

unification of Italy The unification of Italy ( ), also known as the Risorgimento (; ), was the 19th century Political movement, political and social movement that in 1861 ended in the Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy, annexation of List of historic states of ...

it became the Regia Accademia di Belle Arti di Bologna. In 1882, administration of the Pinacoteca, the art collection of the academy, was separated from that of the school, and handed over to the Direzione delle Antichità e Belle Arti (now the Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali). The two institutions continued to share the same building. With the educational reforms of

Giovanni Gentile Giovanni Gentile ( , ; 30 May 1875 – 15 April 1944) was an Italian pedagogue, philosopher, and politician. He, alongside Benedetto Croce, was one of the major exponents of Italian idealism in Italian philosophy, and also devised his own sys ...

in 1923, the academy ceased all secondary education and became a tertiary-level institution; architecture courses were transferred to the

University of Bologna The University of Bologna (, abbreviated Unibo) is a Public university, public research university in Bologna, Italy. Teaching began around 1088, with the university becoming organised as guilds of students () by the late 12th century. It is the ...

. Like other state art academies in Italy, the Accademia of Bologna became an autonomous degree-awarding institution under law no. 508 dated 21 December 1999, and falls under the

Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca The Ministry of Education and Merit (in or MIM) is the ministry of the Council of Ministers (Italy), Italian government for the national education system, the Italian universities and research agencies. The current Italian Minister of Public Ed ...

, the Italian ministry of education and research. In December 2008 students of the academy occupied it for a week; an eighteenth-century plaster cast was broken.

The new Accademia Clementina

The Accademia Clementina was re-founded as a

learned society A learned society ( ; also scholarly, intellectual, or academic society) is an organization that exists to promote an academic discipline, profession, or a group of related disciplines such as the arts and sciences. Membership may be open to al ...

in 1931. It shares the premises of the Accademia, and has three classes of membership: honorary members; "effective" members, who are the teaching staff of the Accademia; and correspondent members. It publishes a

journal A journal, from the Old French ''journal'' (meaning "daily"), may refer to: *Bullet journal, a method of personal organization *Diary, a record of personal secretive thoughts and as open book to personal therapy or used to feel connected to onesel ...

, the ''Accademia Clementina. Atti e Memorie''.

Alumni

Among the alumni of the Accademia are the painters and , the painter-engravers and , and the sculptors and .

History

Background

The Accademia di Belle Arti

The new Accademia Clementina

Alumni

See also

References

Further reading