Clavatulidae is a

taxonomic Taxonomy is the practice and science of categorization or classification. A taxonomy (or taxonomical classification) is a scheme of classification, especially a hierarchical classification, in which things are organized into groups or types. ...

family of

sea snail Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the ...

s, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea. The family is not well differentiated morphologically. Clavatulidae was raised, based on cladistic analysis, from subfamily to the family level by Rosenberg in 1998. It is no longer regarded as a subfamily of

Turridae Turridae is a taxonomic family name for a number of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea. MolluscaBase (2018). Turridae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 (1838). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Specie ...

by several malacologists (Kantor, Sysoev).World Register of Marine Species: Clavatulidae
accessed 1 April 2010. This family has no subfamilies.

General characteristics

This family consists of species with a medium-sized to rather large, fusiform shell. The oblong, pointed spire is rather high. The aperture is oval and mostly white. The operculum has a medio-lateral nucleus. The

siphonal canal The siphonal canal is an anatomical feature of the shells of certain groups of sea snails within the clade Neogastropoda. Some sea marine gastropods have a soft tubular anterior extension of the mantle called a siphon through which water is ...

varies between rather short (e.g. ''

Pusionella compacta ''Pusionella compacta'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Clavatulidae. Description The shell grows to a length of 26 mm. (Original description) This form differs from the group of '' Clavatula milleti'' ...

'') to moderately long and slightly incurved (e.g. '' Fusiturris undatiruga''). The anal sinus varies from very shallow to rather deep. The outer lip can be slightly incurved and serrated on its side. The subsutural ramp is usually well developed. The sculpture of the shell in this family shows various forms, going from a rather smooth surface (e.g. ''

Gemmuloborsonia colorata ''Gemmuloborsonia colorata'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turridae. Description The length of the shell attains 45.5 mm. Distribution This marine species occurs at depths between 490 m and 550 m off ...

'') to being finely ribbed longitudinally and striated transversally. The stenoglossan

radula The radula (, ; plural radulae or radulas) is an anatomical structure used by molluscs for feeding, sometimes compared to a tongue. It is a minutely toothed, chitinous ribbon, which is typically used for scraping or cutting food before the food ...

has the formula 1-(1-R-1)-1

Genera

Genera in the family Clavatulidae include: * ''

Benthoclionella ''Benthoclionella'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clavatulidae Clavatulidae is a taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea. The family is not well differentiate ...

'' Kilburn, 1974 * ''

Caliendrula ''Caliendrula'' is a genus of sea snail (marine gastropod mollusks) in the family Clavatulidae Clavatulidae is a taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea. The family is not well differentiated mo ...

'' Kilburn, 1985 * ''

Clavatula ''Clavatula'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clavatulidae. Description In this genus, the shell is fusiform, with a well-produced spire. The whorls are coronated with tubercles or short spines at the suture;. T ...

'' Lamarck, 1801 * '' Clionella'' Gray, 1847 * †''

Hemisurcula ''Hemisurcula'' is an extinct genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clavatulidae.Marshall, B. (2015). Hemisurcula Casey, 1904 †. In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.ma ...

'' Casey, 1904 * ''

Makiyamaia ''Makiyamaia'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clavatulidae. Distribution This marine species is known as fossils from the Miocene to the Recent of Japan, the Pliocene of Okinawa. In Recent times it is found in ...

'' Kuroda, 1961 * †'' Orthosurcula'' T. L. Casey, 1904 * ''

Pagodaturris ''Pagodaturris'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clavatulidae Clavatulidae is a taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea. The family is not well differentiated m ...

'' Kantor, Fedosov & Puillandre, 2018 * '' Paraclavatula'' Kantor, Horro, Rolán & Puillandre, 2018 * '' Perrona'' Schumacher, 1817 * ''

Pusionella ''Pusionella'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clavatulidae. Description The fusiform shell is solid, smooth and shining, with numerous whorls. The spire is sharp. The lip lacks an anal sinus. The siphonal cana ...

'' Gray, 1847 * ''

Scaevatula ''Scaevatula'' is a genus of small predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clavatulidae.Bouchet, P. (2011). Scaevatula Gofas, 1990. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia. ...

'' Gofas, 1990 * '' Tomellana'' Wenz, 1943 * '' Toxiclionella'' Powell, 1966 * '' Trachydrillia'' Nolf & Swinnen, 2010 * '' Turricula'' Schumacher, 1817 ; Genera moved to other families: * '' Danilacarina'' Bozzetti, 1997, moved to

Cochlespiridae Cochlespiridae is a Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic family (biology), family of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea. This family is not well differentiated morphologically, and there is poor congruence betwe ...

* '' Iwaoa'' Kuroda, 1953, moved to ''

Horaiclavidae Horaiclavidae is a family of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea. In 2011 this family was split off from the family Pseudomelatomidae (formerly the subfamily Crassispirinae McLean, 1971) by Bouchet P., Ka ...

'' ;Genera brought into synonymy: * ''Melatoma'' Swainson, 1840: synonym of '' Clionella'' Gray, 1847 * ''Netrum'' Philippi, 1850: synonym of ''

'' Gray, 1847 * ''Surcula'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853: synonym of '' Turricula'' Schumacher, 1817 * ''Tomella'' Swainson, 1840: synonym of '' Tomellana'' Wenz, 1943 * †'' Trachelochetus'' Cossmann, 1889: synonym of †''Clavatula'' (''Trachelochetus'') Cossmann, 1889 represented as ''Clavatula'' Lamarck, 1801 * ''Tyrrhenoturris'' Coen, 1929: synonym of '' Fusiturris'' Thiele, 1929

Ecology

Species from family Clavatulidae are

omnivore An omnivore () is an animal that has the ability to eat and survive on both plant and animal matter. Obtaining energy and nutrients from plant and animal matter, omnivores digest carbohydrates, protein, fat, and fiber, and metabolize the nutr ...

s, predators and

scavenger Scavengers are animals that consume dead organisms that have died from causes other than predation or have been killed by other predators. While scavenging generally refers to carnivores feeding on carrion, it is also a herbivorous feeding b ...

s.WoRMS (2009). Clavatulinae. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2009) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=153900 on 2010-04-01

References

External links

Worldwide Mollusc Species Data Base: family Clavatulidae
{{Taxonbar, from=Q5129591 Taxa named by John Edward Gray