Clausiliidae, also known by the common name door snails, is a

taxonomic 280px, Generalized scheme of taxonomy Taxonomy is a practice and science concerned with classification or categorization. Typically, there are two parts to it: the development of an underlying scheme of classes (a taxonomy) and the allocation ...

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

of small, very elongate, mostly

left-handed In human biology, handedness is an individual's preferential use of one hand, known as the dominant hand, due to and causing it to be stronger, faster or more dextrous. The other hand, comparatively often the weaker, less dextrous or simply l ...

, air-breathing

land snail A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. ''Land snail'' is the common name for terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have gastropod shell, shel ...

s, sinistral

terrestrial Terrestrial refers to things related to land or the planet Earth, as opposed to extraterrestrial. Terrestrial may also refer to: * Terrestrial animal, an animal that lives on land opposed to living in water, or sometimes an animal that lives on o ...

pulmonate Pulmonata or pulmonates is an informal group (previously an order, and before that, a subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group inclu ...

gastropod Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...

mollusk Mollusca is a phylum of protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum after Arthropoda. The ...

s.MolluscaBase eds. (2023). MolluscaBase. Clausiliidae L. Pfeiffer & J. E. Gray, 1855. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.molluscabase.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=833936 on 2023-04-11 With over 1700 recognized recent and fossil species,MolluscaBase eds. (2023). MolluscaBase. Clausiliidae L. Pfeiffer & J. E. Gray, 1855. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.molluscabase.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=833936 on 2023-04-11 this is among the most diverse families of terrestrial gastropods (cf.

Orthalicidae Orthalicidae (orthalicid land snails) are a family of tropical air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks are classified in the subfamily Orthalicoidea of the order Stylommatophora.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase ...

), although the marine gastropod family

Pyramidellidae Pyramidellidae, common name the pyram family, or pyramid shells, is a voluminous taxonomic family of mostly small and minute ectoparasitic sea snails, marine heterobranch gastropod molluscs. The great majority of species of pyrams are micromol ...

is larger. Most species of Clausiliidae have an anatomical structure known as a

clausilium The clausilium is a calcareous anatomical structure which is found in one group of air-breathing land snails: terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails. The clausilium is one part of the clausilial appar ...

, which enables the snail to close off the

aperture In optics, the aperture of an optical system (including a system consisting of a single lens) is the hole or opening that primarily limits light propagated through the system. More specifically, the entrance pupil as the front side image o ...

of the

shell Shell may refer to: Architecture and design * Shell (structure), a thin structure ** Concrete shell, a thin shell of concrete, usually with no interior columns or exterior buttresses Science Biology * Seashell, a hard outer layer of a marine ani ...

with a sliding "door".

Shell description

Almost all the species of snails in the family of door snails are left-handed, which is an uncommon feature in

gastropod shell The gastropod shell is part of the body of many gastropods, including snails, a kind of mollusc. The shell is an exoskeleton, which protects from predators, mechanical damage, and dehydration, but also serves for muscle attachment and calcium ...

s in general. These snails have shells which are extremely high- spired, with numerous whorls. The shells tend to be club-shaped, tapering at both ends to a rounded nub. The

usually has visible folds.

The clausilium

Clausiliids are also very unusual among pulmonate gastropods in that most of them have a "door" or

. The clausilium is not the same thing as an operculum, which does not exist at all in most pulmonate gastropods. The clausilium is a calcareous structure, tongue-shaped or spoon-shaped, which can close the aperture of the snail shell to protect the soft parts against predation by animals such as carnivorous beetle larvae. The narrow end of the clausilium slides in the grooves that are formed by the folds on the inside of the shell.

Anatomy

In this family, the number of

haploid Ploidy () is the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell (biology), cell, and hence the number of possible alleles for Autosome, autosomal and Pseudoautosomal region, pseudoautosomal genes. Here ''sets of chromosomes'' refers to the num ...

chromosome A chromosome is a package of DNA containing part or all of the genetic material of an organism. In most chromosomes, the very long thin DNA fibers are coated with nucleosome-forming packaging proteins; in eukaryotic cells, the most import ...

s lies between 21 and 30 (according to the values in this table).Barker G. M.: Gastropods on Land: ''Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology''. in Barker G. M. (ed.):
The biology of terrestrial molluscs
'. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, . 1-146, cited pages: 139 and 142.

Taxonomy

The

type genus In biological taxonomy, the type genus (''genus typica'') is the genus which defines a biological family and the root of the family name. Zoological nomenclature According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, "The name-bearin ...

is '' Clausilia'' Draparnaud, 1805. The family Clausiliidae is classified within the informal group

Sigmurethra Sigmurethra is a taxonomic category of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. This is an informal group which includes most land snails and slugs. The two strong synapomorphies of Sigmurethra are a long ...

, itself belonging to the

clade In biology, a clade (), also known as a Monophyly, monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that is composed of a common ancestor and all of its descendants. Clades are the fundamental unit of cladistics, a modern approach t ...

Stylommatophora Stylommatophora is an orderPhilippe Bouchet, Jean-Pierre Rocroi, Bernhard Hausdorf, Andrzej Kaim, Yasunori Kano, Alexander Nützel, Pavel Parkhaev, Michael Schrödl and Ellen E. Strong. 2017. Revised Classification, Nomenclator and Typification of ...

within the clade

Eupulmonata Eupulmonata is a taxonomic clade of air-breathing gastropod molluscs. The great majority of this group are land snails and slugs, but some are intertidal or inhabit coastal saltmarshes and mangroves. Possible synapomorphy of the group are gl ...

(according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).

2005 taxonomy

The taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005 recognizes subfamilies as follows: subfamily Clausiliinae Gray, 1855 * tribe Baleini (previously the subfamily Baleinae A. J. Wagner, 1913) - synonyms: Laciniariini H. Nordsieck, 1963; Tristaniinae Schileyko, 1999 * tribe Clausiliini Gray, 1855 - synonym: Fusulinae Lindholm, 1924 * tribe Gracillariini H. Nordsieck, 1979 subfamily Alopiinae A. J. Wagner, 1913 * tribe Alopiini A. J. Wagner, 1913 * tribe Cochlodinini Lindholm, 1925 (1923) - synonym: Marpessinae Wenz, 1923 * tribe Delimini Brandt, 1956 - synonym: Papilliferini Brandt, 1961 (n.a.) * tribe Medorini H. Nordsieck, 1997 * tribe Montenegrinini H. Nordsieck, 1972 subfamily † Constrictinae H. Nordsieck, 1981 subfamily Garnieriinae C. Boettger, 1926 * tribe Garnieriini C. Boettger, 1926 * tribe Tropidaucheniini H. Nordsieck, 2002 subfamily † Eualopiinae H. Nordsieck, 1978 * tribe † Eualopiini H. Nordsieck, 1978 * tribe † Rillyini H. Nordsieck, 1985 subfamily Laminiferinae Wenz, 1923 subfamily Mentissoideinae Lindholm, 1924 * tribe Mentissoideini Lindholm, 1924 - synonym: Euxininae I. M. Likharev, 1962 * tribe Acrotomini H. Nordsieck, 1979 * tribe Boettgeriini H. Nordsieck, 1979 * tribe Euxinellini Neubert, 2002 * tribe Filosini H. Nordsieck, 1979 * tribe Olympicolini Neubert, 2002 * tribe Strigileuxinini H. Nordsieck, 1994 * tribe Strumosini H. Nordsieck, 1994 subfamily Neniinae Wenz, 1923 - Neniastrinae H. B. Baker, 1930 subfamily Phaedusinae A. J. Wagner, 1922 * † tribe Disjunctariini H. Nordsieck, 2014 * tribe Megalophaedusini Zilch, 1954 - synonym: Zaptyxini Zilch, 1954 * † tribe Nordsieckiini H. Nordsieck, 2007 * tribe Phaedusini A. J. Wagner, 1922 * † tribe Serrulellini H. Nordsieck, 2007 * tribe Serrulinini Ehrmann, 1927 * tribe Synprosphymini H. Nordsieck, 2007 subfamily Serrulininae Ehrmann, 1927

Genera

Genera include:

Clausiliinae

Tribe Acrotomini H. Nordsieck, 1979 * '' Acrotoma'' O. Boettger, 1881 - with four subgenera: ''Acrotoma'', ''Acrotomina'' H. Nordsieck, 1977; ''Bzybia'' H. Nordsieck, 1977 and ''Castelliana'' Suvorov, 2002 * '' Akramowskia'' H. Nordsieck, 1975 * '' Armenica'' O. Boettger, 1877 - with two subgenera: ''Armenica'' and ''Astrogena'' Szekeres, 1970 * '' Inobseratella'' Lindholm, 1924 * '' Phrygica'' H. Nordsieck, 1994 * '' Roseniella'' Thiele, 1931 - with two subgenera: ''Chavchetia'' Neubert, 1992 and ''Roseniella'' * '' Scrobifera'' O. Boettger, 1877 * '' Sprattia'' O. Boettger, 1883 tribe Baleini * '' Alinda'' H. & A. Adams, 1855 - with two subgenera: ''Alinda'' and ''Pseudalinda'' O. Boettger, 1877 * '' Balea'' J. E. Gray, 1824 * '' Bulgarica'' O. Boettger, 1877 - with three subgenera ''Bulgarica'', ''Pavlovicia'' H. Nordsieck, 1973 and ''Strigilecula'' Kennard & Woodward, 1923 * '' Lacinaria'' Hartmann, 1842 * '' Likharevia'' H. Nordsieck, 1975 * '' Mentissa'' H. & A.Adams, 1855 * '' Mentissella'' H. Nordsieck, 1973 * '' Micropontica'' O. Boettger, 1881 - with two subgenera: ''Baleopsina'' Lindholm, 1924 and ''Micropontica'' * '' Mucronaria'' O. Boettger, 1877 - with two subgenera: ''Index'' O. Boettger, 1877 and ''Mucronaria'' * '' Quadriplicata'' O. Boettger, 1878 * '' Strigillaria'' Vest, 1867 * '' Vestia'' Hesse, 1916 - with three subgenera: ''Brabenecia'' H. Nordsieck, 1974; ''Vestia'' and ''Vestiella'' H. Nordsieck, 1877 Tribe Boettgeriini H. Nordsieck, 1979 * '' Boettgeria'' O. Boettger, 1863 - with two subgenera: ''Boettgeria''and ''Loosjesiella'' Neubert & Groh, 1998 * '' Macroptychia'' O. Boettger, 1877 * '' Sabaeola'' Lindholm, 1925 tribe Clausiliini * † '' Canalicia'' O. Boettger, 1863 * '' Clausilia'' Draparnaud, 1805 - with two subgenera: ''Clausilia'' and ''Strobeliella'' H. Nordsieck, 1977"Clausiliini"

Fauna Europaea Fauna Europaea is a database of the scientific names and distribution of all living multicellular European land and fresh-water animals. It serves as a standard taxonomic source for animal taxonomy within the Pan-European Species directories Infr ...

, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 27 April 2011. * '' Erjavecia'' Brusina, 1870 * '' Erjaveciella'' H. Nordsieck, 1977 * '' Fusulus'' Fitzinger, 1833 - with two subgenera: ''Erjaveciella'' H. Nordsieck, 1877 and ''Fusulus'' * † '' Hollabrunnella'' H. Nordsieck, 2007 * '' Julica'' H. Nordsieck, 1963 * '' Macrogastra'' Hartmann, 1841 - with three subgenera: ''Macrogastra'', ''Pseudovestia'' H. Nordsieck, 1877 and ''Pyrostoma'' Vest, 1867 * '' Micridyla'' H. Nordsieck, 1973 * † '' Parafusulus'' H. Nordsieck, 2007 * † '' Pliodiptychia'' H. Nordsieck, 1978 * '' Pseudidyla'' O. Boettger, 1877 * ''

Pseudofusulus ''Pseudofusulus varians'' is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Clausiliidae. Genus ''Pseudofusulus'' is monotypic genus (contains one species only) with ''Pseudo ...

'' H. Nordsieck, 1977 - has the only one species: '' Pseudofusulus varians'' * '' Ruthenica'' Lindholm, 1924 * † '' Trolliella'' H. Nordsieck, 1981 Tribe † Emarginariini H. Nordsieck, 2007 * † '' Emarginaria'' O. Boettger, 1877 Tribe Euxinellini Neubert, 2002 * '' Euxinella'' H. Nordsieck, 1973 Tribe Filosini H. Nordsieck, 1979 * ''

Filosa Cercozoa (now synonymised with Filosa) is a phylum of diverse single-celled eukaryotes. They lack shared morphological characteristics at the microscopic level, and are instead united by phylogeny, molecular phylogenies of rRNA and actin or Ubiqu ...

'' O. Boettger, 1877 * '' Idyla'' H. & A. Adams, 1855 - with two subgenera: ''Idyla'' and ''Strigilidyla'' H. Nordsieck, 1994 tribe Gracillariini H. Nordsieck, 1979 * '' Graciliaria'' Bielz, 1867 * † '' Truciella'' H. Nordsieck, 1978 Tribe Mentissoideini Lindholm, 1924 * '' Elia'' H. & A.Adams, 1855 - with four subgenera: ''Acroeuxina'' O. Boettger, 1877; ''Caucasica'' O. Boettger, 1877; ''Elia'' and ''Megaleuxina'' O. Boettger, 1877 * '' Euxina'' O. Boettger, 1877 - with two subgenera: ''Euxina'' and ''Illunellaria'' Lindholm, 1924 * '' Euxinastra'' O. Boettger, 1888 - with two subgenera: '' Euxinastra'' and '' Odonteuxina'' H. Nordsieck, 1875 * ''

Galeata Galeata () is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Forlì-Cesena in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about southeast of Bologna and about southwest of Forlì. Galeata borders the following municipalities: Civitella di Romag ...

'' O. Boettger, 1877 * '' Mentissoidea'' O. Boettger, 1877 Tribe Olympicolini Neubert, 2002 * '' Olympicola'' Hesse, 1916 * † '' Scrobiferoides'' Neubert, 1996 Tribe Strigileuxinini H. Nordsieck, 1994 * '' Bitorquata'' O. Boettger, 1877 * '' Blaeneuxina'' Páll-Gergely & Szekeres, 2020 * '' Strigileuxina'' H. Nordsieck, 1975 * '' Sumelia'' H. Nordsieck, 1994 Tribe Strumosini H. Nordsieck, 1994 * '' Strumosa'' O. Boettger, 1877

Alopiinae A. J. Wagner, 1913

Alopiinae * † '' Dextrospira'' Hrubesch, 1965 tribe Alopiini * '' Alopia'' H. & A.Adams, 1855 - with two subgenera ''Alopia'' and ''Kimakowiczia'' Szekeres, 1969 * '' Herilla'' H. & A. Adams, 1855 * '' Montenegrina'' O. Boettger, 1877 * '' Protoherilla'' A. J. Wagner, 1921 * † '' Protriloba'' H. Nordsieck, 2014 * '' Triloba'' Vest, 1867 tribe Cochlodinini Lindholm, 1925 (1923) * '' Cochlodina'' A. Férussac, 1821 - with four subgenera: ''Cochlodina''; ''Cochlodinastra'' H. Nordsieck, 1977; ''Paracochlodina'' H. Nordsieck, 1969; ''Procochlodina'' H. Nordsieck, 1969 * '' Macedonica'' O. Boettger, 1877 tribe Delimini R. Brandt, 1956 * '' Barcania'' Brandt, 1956 * '' Charpentieria'' Stabille, 1864 - with subgenera: ''Charpentieria'' * '' Delima'' Hartmann, 1842 - with four subgenera: ''Delima''; ''Dugiana'' Stamol & Slapnik, 2002; ''Piceata'' O. Boettger, 1877 and ''Semirugata'' O. Boettger, 1877 * '' Dilataria'' Vest, 1867 * '' Gibbularia'' Cecconi, 1908 * '' Mauritanica'' O. Boettger, 1879 * '' Papillifera'' Hartmann, 1842 * '' Sicania'' Tomlin, 1929 * '' Stigmatica'' O. Boettger, 1877 tribe Medorini H. Nordsieck, 1997 * '' Agathylla'' H. & A.Adams, 1855 - with two subgenera ''Agathylla'' and Agathyllina H. Nordsieck, 1969 * '' Albinaria'' Vest, 1867 - also includes former genus''Sericata'' O. Boettger, 1878. * '' Carinigera'' Möllendorff, 1873 * '' Cristataria'' Vest, 1867 * '' Inchoatia'' Gittenberger & Uit de Weerd, 2006 * '' Isabellaria'' Vest, 1867 * ''

Lampedusa Lampedusa ( , , ; ; ) is the largest island of the Italian Pelagie Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. The ''comune'' of Lampedusa e Linosa is part of the Sicilian province of Agrigento which also includes the smaller islands of Linosa and Lamp ...

'' O. Boettger, 1877 - with two subgenera ''Imitatrix'' Westerlund, 1884 and ''Lampedusa'' * '' Leucostigma'' A. J. Wagner, 1919 * '' Medora'' H. & A. Adams, 1855 * '' Muticaria'' Lindholm, 1925 * '' Strigilodelima'' A. J. Wagner, 1924 * '' Vallatia'' E. Gittenberger & Uit de Weerd, 2006

Constrictinae

Fossil subfamily Constrictinae contains genera: * † '' Constricta'' O. Boettger, 1877 - type genus of the subfamily * † '' Regiclausilia'' H. Nordsieck, 1981

Eualopiinae

Fossil subfamily Eualopiinae contains genera: * † '' Ambiguella'' H. Nordsieck, 2007 * '' Formosana'' O. Boettger, 1877 Tribe † Eualopiini H. Nordsieck, 1978 * † '' Eualopia'' O. Boettger, 1877 - type genus of the subfamily * † '' Monoptychia'' H. Nordsieck, 1972 Tribe † Rillyini † H. Nordsieck, 1985 * † '' Neniopsilla'' H. Nordsieck, 2020 * † '' Neniopsis'' Wenz, 1920 * † '' Omanillya'' H. Nordsieck in Harzhauser et al., 2016 * † '' Pararillya'' H. Nordsieck, 2002 * † '' Proalbinaria'' O. Boettger in Oppenheim, 189 * † '' Rillya'' Munier-Chalmas n P. Fischer 1883 - type genus of the tribe * † '' Neniopsilla'' H. Nordsieck, 2020 * † '' Neniopsis'' Wenz, 1920 * † '' Omanillya'' H. Nordsieck in Harzhauser et al., 2016 * † '' Pararillya'' H. Nordsieck, 2002 * † '' Proalbinaria'' O. Boettger in Oppenheim, 1895

Garnieriinae

* tribe Garnieriini C. Boettger, 1926 * '' Garnieria'' Bourguignat, 1877 * tribe Tropidaucheniini H. Nordsieck, 2002 * '' Euryauchenia'' H. Nordsieck, 2007 * '' Grandinenia'' Minato & Chen, 1984 * '' Indonenia'' Ehrmann, 1927 * '' Megalauchenia'' H. Nordsieck, 2007 * '' Tropidauchenia'' Lindholm, 1924 -

Laminiferinae

* '' Bofilliella'' Ehrmann, 1927 * '' Neniatlanta'' Bouguignat, 1876 * '' Margaritiphaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 2001 * '' Minatoia'' Hunyadi & Szekeres, 2016 Tribe Laminiferini Wenz, 1923 * † '' Baboria'' Cossmann, 1898 * † '' Laminifera'' O. Boettger, 1863 - the type genus of the family Laminiferinae. Its type species is fossil. * † '' Laminiplica'' H. Nordsieck, 1978 * † '' Omanifera'' H. Nordsieck in Harzhauser et al., 2016 Tribe † Oospiroidesini H. Nordsieck, 2007 * † '' Oospiroides'' Wenz, 1920 Tribe † Polloneriini H. Nordsieck, 2007 * † '' Polloneria'' Sacco, 1886

Mentissoideinae

synonym of the tribe Mentissoideini Lindholm, 1924 (superseded classification)

Neniinae Wenz, 1923

Tribe Neniini Wenz, 1923 * '' Gonionenia'' Pilsbry, 1926 * '' Nenia'' H. & A. Adams, 1855 * '' Neniops'' Pilsbry, 1926 * '' Paranenia'' Rehder, 1939

Peruiniinae H. Nordsieck, 2005

* '' Andinia'' Polinski, 1922 * '' Audiniastra'' H. Nordsieck, 2005 * '' Andiniella'' Weyrauch, 1958 * '' Bequaertinenia'' Weyrauch, 1964 - with two subgenera: ''Bequaertinenia'' and ''Miranenia'' Grego & Szekeres, 2004 * '' Brevinenia'' Neubert & H. Nordsieck, 2005 * '' Columbinia'' Polinski, 1924 - with subgenera: ''Columbinia'' and ''Steatonenia'' Pilsbry, 1926 * '' Cyclonenia'' H. Nordsieck, 1999 * '' Cylindronenia'' Ehrmann in Pilsbry, 1949 - with two subgenera: ''Cylindronenia'' and ''Cylindroneniella'' H. Nordsieck, 2007 * '' Ehrmanniella'' Zilch, 1949 * '' Gracilinenia'' Polinski, 1922 * '' Hemicena'' Pilsbry, 1949 * '' Incaglaia'' Pilsbry, 1949 - with two subgenera: ''Gibbonenia'' Zilch, 1954 and ''Incaglaia'' * '' Incania'' Polinski, 1922 * '' Leuconenia'' H. Nordsieck, 2005 * '' Neniaptyx'' H. Nordsieck, 2007 * '' Neniatracta'' Pilsbry, 1926 * '' Neniella'' Grego & Sekeres, 2004 * '' Parabalea'' Ancey, 1882 * '' Peruinia'' Polinski, 1922 * '' Pfeifferiella'' Weyrauch, 1957 * '' Pseudogracilinenia'' Loosjes & Loosjes-van Bemmel, 1984 * '' Steeriana'' Jousseaume, 1900 * '' Symptychiella'' H. Nordsieck, 1999 - with two subgenera: ''Divnenia'' H. Nordsieck, 2005 and ''Symptychiella'' * '' Temesa'' H. & A. Adams, 1855 * '' Zilchiella'' Weyrauch, 1957

Phaedusinae A. J. Wagner, 1922

* '' Selenophaedusa'' Lindholm, 1924 * '' Siciliaria'' Vest, 1867 Tribe † Disjunctariini H. Nordsieck, 2014 * † '' Disjunctaria'' O. Boettger, 1877 Tribe † Nordsieckiini H. Nordsieck, 2007 * † '' Nordsieckia'' Truc, 1972 * † '' Serruluna'' H. Nordsieck, 1981 tribe Phaedusini A. J. Wagner, 1922 * '' Acanthophaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 2007 * '' Atractophaedusa'' Ehrmann, 1927 * '' Bacillophaedusa'' Grego & Szekeres, 2011 * '' Bathyptychia'' Lindholm, 1925 - with three subgenera: ''Bathyptychia''; ''Brachyptychia'' H. Nordsieck, 2001 and ''Strictiphaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 2001 * '' Castanophaedusa'' Páll-Gergely & Szekeres, 2017 * '' Celsiphaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 2001 * '' Changphaedusa'' Motochin & Ueshima, 2017 * '' Cylindrophaedusa'' O. Boettger, 1877 - with three subgenera: ''Cylindrophaedusa'' and ''Montiphaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 2002 * '' Dautzenbergiella'' Lindholm, 1924 - with two subgenera: ''Dautzenbergiella'' and ''Mansuyiella'' H. Nordsieck, 2003 * '' Euphaedusa'' O. Boettger, 1877 - with subgenera: ''Dentiphaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 2003; ''Euphaedusa''; and ''Telophaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 2003 * '' Fuchsiana'' Gredler, 1887 * '' Hemiphaedusa'' O. Boettger, 1877 - with subgenera: ''Dendrophaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 2002; ''Hemiphaedusa''; ''Hemiphaedusoides'' H. Nordsieck, 2001; ''Hemizaptyx'' Pilsbry, 1905; ''Labyrinthiphaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 2001; ; ''Pinguiphaedusa'' Azuma, 1982; ''Placeophaedusa'' Minato, 1994) * '' Juttingia'' Loosjes, 1965 - with two subgenera: ''Juttingia'' and ''Pseudohemiphaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 2002 * '' Liparophaedusa'' Lindholm, 1924 * '' Loosjesia'' H. Nordsieck, 2002 * '' Luchuphaedusa'' Pilsbry, 1901 - with two subgenera: ''Luchuphaedusa'' and ''Nesiophaedusa'' Pilsbry, 1905 * '' Macrophaedusa'' Moellendorff, 1883 * '' Macrophaedusella'' H. Nordsieck, 2001 * '' Megalophaedusa'' O. Boettger, 1877 - with four subgenera: ''Megalophaedusa''; ''Mesophaedusa'' Ehrmann, 1929; ''Mesozaptyx'' Kuroda, 1963 and ''Mundiphaedusa'' Minato, 1979. ('' Neophaedusa'' is a synonym of ''Megalophaedusa''). * '' Messageriella'' Páll-Gergely & Szekeres, 2017 * '' Miraphaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 2005 * '' Musaphaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 2018 * '' Nannophaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 2012 * '' Notoptychia'' Ehrmann, 1927 * '' Oospira'' Blanford, 1872 - with subgenera ''Formosanella'' H. Nordsieck, 2003; ''Oospira''; ''Paraformosella'' H. Nordsieck, 2003 and ''Siphonophaedusa'' Lindholm, 1924 * '' Papilliphaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 2003 * '' Paraphaedusa'' O. Boettger, 1877 * '' Phaedusa'' H. & A.Adams, 1855 - with subgenera: ''Metaphaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 2001; ''Phaedusa''; ''Pseudophaedusa'' Tomiyama, 1984 * '' Probosciphaedusa'' Z.-Y. Chen, 2021 * '' Reinia'' Kobelt, 1876 - with three subgenera: ''Parareinia'' H. Nordsieck, 1998; ''Pictophaedusa'' Azuma, 1982 and ''Reinia'' * '' Serriphaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 2001 * '' Sinigena'' Lindholm, 1925 * '' Solitariphaedusa'' Motochin & Ueshima, 2017 * '' Stereophaedusa'' O. Boettger, 1877 * '' Streptodera'' Lindholm, 1925 * '' Tauphaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 2003 * '' Tosaphaedusa'' Ehrmann, 1929 * '' Zaptyx'' Pilsbry, 1901 - with two subgenera: ''Prozaptyx'' Loosjes, 1950 and ''Zaptyx'' Tribe † Serrulellini H. Nordsieck, 2007 * † '' Serrulastra'' H. Nordsieck, 1981 * † '' Serrulella'' H. Nordsieck, 1978 Tribe Serrulinini Ehrmann, 1927 * '' Caspiophaedusa'' Lindholm, 1924 * '' Cotyorica'' Grego & Szekeres, 2017 * '' Dobatia'' H. Nordsieck, 1973 * † '' Euxinophaedusa'' Likharev, 1962 * '' Graecophaedusa'' Rähle, 1982 * '' Laeviphaedusa'' Likharev & Stelkov, 1965 * '' Microphaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 1978 * '' Nothoserrulina'' Németh & Szekeres, 1995 * '' Pamphylica'' Németh & Szekeres, 1995 * ''

Pontophaedusa ''Pontophaedusa'' is a genus of small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails. It is within the subfamily Serrulininae.Páll-Gergely B. (2010)"Additional information on the ...

'' Lindholm, 1924 * '' Pontophaedusella'' H. Nordsieck, 1994 * '' Pravispira'' Lindholm, 1924 * '' Sciocochlea'' C. Boettger, 1935 * '' Serrulina'' Mousson, 1873 * '' Truncatophaedusa'' Majoros, Németh & Szili-Kovács 1994 * '' Tsoukatosia'' Gittenberger, 2000 - with two subgenera: ''Agiosspeleikos'' A. & P. Reischütz, 2003 and ''Tsoukatosia'' Tribe Synprosphymini H. Nordsieck, 2007 * '' Excussispira'' Lindholm, 1925 * '' Synprosphyma'' A. J. Wagner, 1920

Synonyms

* ''Diceratoptyx'' Pilsbry, 1905: synonym of '' Zaptyx'' Pilsbry, 1900 (junior synonym) * ''Heterozaptyx'' Pilsbry, 1906: synonym of '' Zaptyx'' Pilsbry, 1900 (junior synonym) * ''Kazancia'' Neubert, 1992 : synonym of '' '' Lindholm, 1924 (junior synonym) * ''Leptacme'' Ehrmann, 1927:Maassen W. J. M. & Gittenberger E. (2007). "Three new clausiliid land snails from Tonkin, northern Vietnam (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Clausiliidae)". ''

Zoologische Mededelingen ''Zoologische Mededelingen'' was a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal publishing papers and monographs on animal systematics. The publisher was the National Museum of Natural History Naturalis in the Netherlands. The first issue appeared ...

'' 81(1): http://www.zoologischemededelingen.nl/81/nr01/a10 synonym of ''Oospira (Leptocochlea)'' Grego & Szekeres, 2011 represented as '' Oospira'' W. T. Blanford, 1872 * ''Lindholmiella'' Ehrmann, 1927: synonym of ''Oospira (Lindholmiella)'' Ehrmann, 1927 represented as '' Oospira'' W. T. Blanford, 1872 * ''Metazaptyx'' Pilsbry, 1905synonym of '' Zaptyx'' Pilsbry, 1900 * ''Neniauchenia'' H. Nordsieck, 2002: synonym of ''Grandinenia'' Minato & D.-N. Chen, 1984 * ''Neostyriaca'' A. J. Wagner, 1920: synonym of ''Clausilia (Neostyriaca)'' A. J. Wagner, 1920 represented as '' Clausilia'' Draparnaud, 1805 * ''Oligozaptx'' Pilsbry, 1905: synonym of ''Zaptyx (Stereozaptyx)'' Pilsbry, 1905 represented as '' Zaptyx'' Pilsbry, 1900 * ''Parazaptyx'' Pilsbry, 1905: synonym of ''Zaptyx (Parazaptyx)'' Pilsbry, 1905 represented as '' Zaptyx'' Pilsbry, 1900 * ''Pliciphaedusa'' H. Nordsieck, 1998: synonym of ''Stereophaedusa (Pliciphaedusa)'' H. Nordsieck, 1998 represented as '' Stereophaedusa'' O. Boettger, 1877 * ''Pulchraptyx'' Minato, 1981: synonym of ''Zaptyx (Pulchraptyx)'' Minato, 1981 represented as '' Zaptyx'' Pilsbry, 1900 * ''Renschiphaedusa'' Loosjes & Loosjes-van Bemmel, 1973: synonym of '' Phaedusa'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 * ''Selenoptyx'' Pilsbry, 1908: synonym of ''Zaptyx (Selenoptyx)'' Pilsbry, 1908 represented as '' Zaptyx'' Pilsbry, 1900 * ''Serrulinella'' H. Nordsieck, 1984: synonym of ''Serrulina (Serrulinella)'' H. Nordsieck, 1984 represented as '' Serrulina'' Mousson, 1873 (unaccepted rank) * ''Stereozaptyx'' Pilsbry, 1905: synonym of ''Zaptyx (Stereozaptyx)'' Pilsbry, 1905 represented as '' Zaptyx'' Pilsbry, 1900 * ''Thaumatoptyx'' Pilsbry, 1908: synonym of ''Zaptyx (Thaumatoptyx)'' Pilsbry, 1908 represented as '' Zaptyx'' Pilsbry, 1900 * ''Tyrannophaedusa'' Pilsbry, 1901: synonym of ''Megalophaedusa (Tyrannophaedusa)'' Pilsbry, 1900 represented as '' Megalophaedusa'' O. Boettger, 1877 * ''Tyrannozaptyx'' Käufel, 1930: synonym of ''Zaptyx (Tyrannozaptyx)'' Käufel, 1930 represented as '' Zaptyx'' Pilsbry, 1900 * ''Zaptychopsis'' Ehrmann, 1927: synonym of ''Zaptyx (Zaptychopsis)'' Ehrmann, 1927 represented as '' Zaptyx'' Pilsbry, 1900

Conservation

Although non-marine molluscs appear to be exceptionally vulnerable to extinction, the ''

IUCN Red list The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data Book, founded in 1964, is an inventory of the global conservation status and extinction risk of biological ...

'' listed only 9 speciesIUCN 2009. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. . Downloaded on 5 March 2010. from this family.

References

External links

* Nordsieck H. (2005–2007)
www.clausilia.de
at

Internet Archive The Internet Archive is an American 501(c)(3) organization, non-profit organization founded in 1996 by Brewster Kahle that runs a digital library website, archive.org. It provides free access to collections of digitized media including web ...

. * Nordsieck H.
http://www.hnords.de
Internet journal for the malacology of landsnails (with special regard to Clausiliidae).
BioLib info
{{Authority control Taxa named by John Edward Gray