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Classical Malay literature, also known as traditional Malay literature, refers to the
Malay-language Malay (; ms, Bahasa Melayu, links=no, Jawi: , Rencong: ) is an Austronesian language that is an official language of Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore, and that is also spoken in East Timor and parts of the Philippines and T ...
literature from the
Malay world The Malay world or Malay realm (Indonesian/ Malay: or ; Jawi: ), is a concept or an expression that has been used by different authors and groups over time to denote several different notions, derived from varied interpretations of Malaynes ...
, consisting of areas now part of
Brunei Brunei ( , ), formally Brunei Darussalam ( ms, Negara Brunei Darussalam, Jawi alphabet, Jawi: , ), is a country located on the north coast of the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia. Apart from its South China Sea coast, it is completely sur ...
,
Singapore Singapore (), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It lies about one degree of latitude () north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, borde ...
,
Malaysia Malaysia ( ; ) is a country in Southeast Asia. The federation, federal constitutional monarchy consists of States and federal territories of Malaysia, thirteen states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two r ...
, and
Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...
; works from countries such as the
Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...
and
Sri Lanka Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්‍රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ()), formerly known as Ceylon and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an ...
have also been included. It shows considerable influences from Indian literature (such as in the tales of ''
Ramayana The ''Rāmāyana'' (; sa, रामायणम्, ) is a Sanskrit epic composed over a period of nearly a millennium, with scholars' estimates for the earliest stage of the text ranging from the 8th to 4th centuries BCE, and later stages e ...
'' and ''
Mahabharata The ''Mahābhārata'' ( ; sa, महाभारतम्, ', ) is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India in Hinduism, the other being the '' Rāmāyaṇa''. It narrates the struggle between two groups of cousins in the K ...
'') as well as Arabic and Islamic literature (including tales of the prophet
Muhammad Muhammad ( ar, مُحَمَّد;  570 – 8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam. According to Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet divinely inspired to preach and confirm the monot ...
and his companions). The term denotes a variety of works, including the '' hikayat'', poetry (in two major forms, the ''
syair Syair ( Jawi: شعير) is a form of traditional Malay (also subsequently modern Indonesian and Malaysian) poetry that is made up of four-line stanzas or quatrains. The syair can be a narrative poem, a didactic poem, a poem used to convey ideas ...
'' and the '' pantun''), history, and legal works.


Selected works

*''
Syair Siti Zubaidah Perang Cina ''Syair Siti Zubaidah Perang Cina'' (شَعِيْر سِيْتِي زُبَيْدَه ڤَرَاڠ چَينا; Malay for ''Poem of Siti Zubaidah's War on China'', often abbreviated ''Syair Siti Zubaidah'') is a 19th-century '' syair'' (poem) by ...
'' *'' Syair Abdul Muluk'' *'' Hikayat Hang Tuah'' *''
Hikayat Amir Hamzah Hikayat Amir Hamzah (حكاية أمير حمزه) is a Malay literary work that chronicles the hero by the name Amir Hamzah. This book is one of the two Hikayat mentioned in Sejarah Melayu as one of the Hikayat used to encourage Malay warriors in ...
'' *''
Sejarah Melayu The ''Malay Annals'' ( Malay: ''Sejarah Melayu'', Jawi: سجاره ملايو), originally titled ''Sulalatus Salatin'' (''Genealogy of Kings''), is a literary work that gives a romanticised history of the origin, evolution and demise of the g ...
'' *'' Hikayat Bayan Budiman'' *'' Hikayat Raja-raja Pasai'' *'' Hikayat Banjar'' *''
Hikayat Abdullah Hikayat Abdullah (حكاية عبدالله) is a major literary work by Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir, a Malacca-born Munshi of Singapore. It was completed in 1845 and first published in 1849, making it one of the first Malay literary texts to be ...
'' *'' Undang-Undang Melaka''


Selected authors

* Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir * Hamzah Fansuri * Nuruddin ar-Raniri * Raja Ali Haji *
Tun Sri Lanang Tun Muhammad bin Tun Ahmad, better known as Tun Sri Lanang,Agus, Abdul Aziz, ''Tokoh yang Kukoh, dalam Kesusasteraan Melayu Lama dan Baru, oleh Agus Salim: Dengan Sejarah Sastera'', pg 72 was the Bendahara ( Grand Vizier) of the royal Court of Joh ...


See also

*
Indonesian literature Indonesian literature is a term grouping various genres of South-East Asian literature. Indonesian literature can refer to literature produced in the Indonesian archipelago. It is also used to refer more broadly to literature produced in are ...
, for works considered part of the modern Indonesian literary canon *
Malaysian literature Malaysian literature is the collection of literary works produced in the Malay peninsula until 1963 and in Malaysia thereafter. Malaysian literature is typically written in any of the country's four main languages: Malay, English, Chinese ...
, for works considered part of the modern Malaysian literary canon * List of Hikayat


References

* * * Malay-language literature {{lit-country-stub