Circumvesuviana
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Circumvesuviana () is a railway network in the east of the
Naples Naples ( ; ; ) is the Regions of Italy, regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 908,082 within the city's administrative limits as of 2025, while its Metropolitan City of N ...
metropolitan area, operated by EAV. Electrically powered throughout, the system uses the
narrow gauge A narrow-gauge railway (narrow-gauge railroad in the US) is a railway with a track gauge (distance between the rails) narrower than . Most narrow-gauge railways are between and . Since narrow-gauge railways are usually built with Minimum railw ...
of and operates of route on six lines. It is entirely separate from other national and regional railway lines. It has 96 stations with an average interstation distance of . The Circumvesuviana railway covers a wide catchment area of over 2 million people, distributed in 47 municipalities, including
Scafati Scafati () is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the province of Salerno, in the Italy, Italian region of Campania. Geography Scafati is situated on the river Sarno. Under the bridge over the river into the village, the Sarno divides into a primary ...
, San Valentino Torio and Sarno in the
province of Salerno The province of Salerno () is a province in the Campania region of Italy. It has 1,054,766 inhabitants as of 2025. Geography The largest towns in the province are: Salerno, the capital, which has a population of 131,950; Cava de' Tirreni, Bat ...
and
Avella Avella is a town and ''comune'' in the province of Avellino, Campania, southern Italy. It is renowned for the cultivation of hazelnuts, whose specific name ''(Corylus avellana)'' derives precisely from this territory. Etymology Could be relat ...
and Baiano in the
province of Avellino The province of Avellino () is a province in the Campania Campania is an administrative Regions of Italy, region of Italy located in Southern Italy; most of it is in the south-western portion of the Italian Peninsula (with the Tyrrhenian Sea ...
. The network forms an important commercial artery, and provides services to the tourist destinations of
Pompeii Pompeii ( ; ) was a city in what is now the municipality of Pompei, near Naples, in the Campania region of Italy. Along with Herculaneum, Stabiae, and Villa Boscoreale, many surrounding villas, the city was buried under of volcanic ash and p ...
and
Herculaneum Herculaneum is an ancient Rome, ancient Roman town located in the modern-day ''comune'' of Ercolano, Campania, Italy. Herculaneum was buried under a massive pyroclastic flow in the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD. Like the nearby city of ...
. All routes start from the Napoli Porta Nolana terminus near the Porta Nolana, and pass through Napoli Garibaldi station before splitting into several branches to towns in the
province A province is an administrative division within a country or sovereign state, state. The term derives from the ancient Roman , which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire, Roman Empire's territorial possessions ou ...
. A journey along the entirety of the longest route, the from Naples to
Sorrento Sorrento ( , ; ; ) is a City status in Italy, city and overlooking the Gulf of Naples, Bay of Naples in Southern Italy. A popular tourist destination, Sorrento is located on the Sorrentine Peninsula at the southern terminus of a main branch o ...
, takes about one hour. In 2024, the railway network transported approximately 23 million passengers.


History


Early years

In 1884, a narrow-gauge railway line was inaugurated, connecting Naples with Baiano via Nola, operated by the Société Anonyme Chemin de fer Naples-Nola-Baiano et Extensions. However, the true birth of the Circumvesuviana dates back to November 18, 1890, when the Società Anonima Ferrovia Napoli Ottaviano inaugurated the line between these locations. On February 9 of the following year, the line was extended to San Giuseppe Vesuviano (then a district of Ottaviano), reaching a length of 23 km. The entire railway was a single-track, narrow-gauge line operated with steam traction. In May 1901, management was taken over by the Società Anonima Strade Ferrate Secondarie Meridionali (SFSM), which, over the following years, extended the original line to Sarno and built a new coastal route. This route connected Naples with the densely populated towns of Portici, Ercolano, Torre del Greco, Torre Annunziata, and Pompei, before merging with the Naples-Sarno line near Poggiomarino. This expansion completed the ideal railway loop around Mount Vesuvius, effectively creating the Circumvesuviana, which stretched approximately 64 km, crossed 23 municipalities, served a population of about 300,000 people, and recorded around 3 million passengers annually. On March 25, 1905, the Naples-Pompei-Poggiomarino line was electrified. A significant event took place on January 6, 1913, with the inauguration of Pugliano station, which was shared with the Pugliano-Vesuvio railway.


21st Century

Following Decree-Law No. 422 of November 19, 1997, local-interest railways were gradually transferred to the Regions, which became responsible for public transportation services. As part of this reform, on January 1, 2001, the governmental commissioner management (''Gestione commissariale governativa di aziende di trasporto'') ceased, and Circumvesuviana Srl, a company owned by the Campania Region, was established. During the same period, new routes were inaugurated, including the - section of the Naples- line, which connects Botteghelle station to San Giorgio a Cremano, passing through the Ponticelli district with five underground stations. Another extension involved the existing link between and the industrial area, extending to , reaching a total length of 3 km. At the end of 2008, the double-tracking of the Ponticelli-Cercola section on the Naples-Ottaviano-Sarno line was completed. In the same year, the new series 200 electric trains entered service. With the arrival of these trains, stations underwent modifications, including raising the platforms. In 2009, a section of the Naples-Poggiomarino line, including and stations, was reopened after a complete reconstruction with double-track underground alignment. In 2010, a train derailed in the Gianturco area, resulting in one fatality and numerous injuries. On December 27, 2012, the management company was merged into Ente Autonomo Volturno (EAV), which subsequently took over operation of the entire network. In 2017, the station was inaugurated in
Torre Annunziata Torre Annunziata (; ) is a (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Naples, in the Italian region of Campania. It is located on the Gulf of Naples, at the foot of Mount Vesuvius. History The city was destroyed in the Vesuvius eruption of 7 ...
, along the Torre Annunziata-Sorrento line. That same year, work resumed on the double-tracking project between and , which had been halted since 2011. The double-tracking project on the Naples- line is ongoing, including: * Activation of the second track between Torre Annunziata and Castellammare di Stabia * Demolition of Via Nocera station to accommodate the second track * Construction of a road and pedestrian underpass, replacing the Via Giuseppe Cosenza level crossing * Excavation of a new tunnel parallel to the existing one, eliminating the Via Grotta San Biagio level crossing * Installation of noise barriers along the railway area The underpass will ensure a constant connection between Castellammare Centro and Rione San Marco, eliminating current interruptions caused by level crossing closures. It will also create pedestrian and vehicular access areas for emergency vehicles and commercial loading/unloading. This project is essential as it will increase train frequency on the Naples-Castellammare route to every 12 minutes and improve connections to Sorrento. By 2025, a new connection between the Circumvesuviana lines and the High-Speed Rail network is expected to be activated. This will involve the construction of a branch from station to station.


Lines

All lines are powered by electric
overhead lines An overhead line or overhead wire is an electrical cable that is used to transmit electrical energy to electric locomotives, Electric multiple unit, electric multiple units, trolleybuses or trams. The generic term used by the International Union ...
. The trains operate under the following
categories Category, plural categories, may refer to: General uses *Classification, the general act of allocating things to classes/categories Philosophy *Category of being * ''Categories'' (Aristotle) *Category (Kant) *Categories (Peirce) *Category (Vais ...
: *A (): train stops at all stations *DD (): train stops only at selected stations, without surcharge *EXP (): train stops only at selected stations, with surcharge


Rolling stock

The network uses two types of rolling stock, both electrically powered: FE220 units, T21 and "Metrostar" articulated trains. Power is supplied by
overhead catenary An overhead line or overhead wire is an electrical cable that is used to transmit electrical energy to electric locomotives, Electric multiple unit, electric multiple units, trolleybuses or trams. The generic term used by the International Union ...
and the train motors can generate up to of power. The FE220 cars are usually coupled together to form a two- or three-car
multiple units A multiple-unit train (or multiple unit (MU)) is a self-propelled train composed of one or more Coach (rail), carriages joined, and where one or more of the carriages have the means of propulsion built in. By contrast, a locomotive-hauled ...
, painted white with red doors and ends. The FE220 trains come in two different variations. Twenty-six ETR211 "Metrostar" three-car articulated units were introduced between November 2008 and September 2009. Manufactured by a consortium of Firema and
AnsaldoBreda Hitachi Rail Italy S.p.A. is a multinational rolling stock manufacturer company based in Pistoia, Italy. Formerly AnsaldoBreda S.p.A., a subsidiary of state-owned Finmeccanica, the company was sold in 2015 to Hitachi Rail of Japan. After the dea ...
, these trains are capable of carrying 450 passengers and are styled by
Pininfarina Pininfarina S.p.A. (; ; short for Pininfarina Società per Azioni) is an Italian automotive design, car design firm and coachbuilder, with headquarters in Cambiano, Turin, Italy. The company was founded by Battista "Pinin" Farina in 1930. On 14 ...
. As well as being more powerful than the FE220 units, they have computer driving aids, self-levelling suspension. These units are mostly used to provide the express service whilst the FE220 provide cheaper, stopping services which tend to be far more crowded. In October 2024 the first of the new trains ordered from Stadler was delivered. 56 new trains have been ordered and will be delivered in 2025 and 2026.


References


See also

* Naples metropolitan railway service * List of suburban and commuter rail systems


External links

*
Current schedules on the EAV site
(In Italian, but schedules are numeric once you select a line)
Official Circumvesuviana site
(In Italian, last updated 2002)

(mostly in Italian with a summary in English) {{Urban public transport in Italy Railway lines in Campania Naples metropolitan railway service Railway lines opened in 1890 950 mm gauge railways in Italy Mount Vesuvius