Tixagevimab/cilgavimab, sold under the brand name Evusheld, is a combination of two
human monoclonal antibodies
A monoclonal antibody (mAb, more rarely called moAb) is an antibody produced from a cell Lineage made by cloning a unique white blood cell. All subsequent antibodies derived this way trace back to a unique parent cell.
Monoclonal antibodies ca ...
,
tixagevimab
Tixagevimab/cilgavimab, sold under the brand name Evusheld, is a combination of two monoclonal antibody, human monoclonal antibodies, tixagevimab (AZD8895) and cilgavimab (AZD1061) targeted against the surface spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 use ...
(AZD8895) and
cilgavimab (AZD1061) targeted against the surface spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 used to prevent
COVID-19.
It is being developed by British-Swedish multinational
pharmaceutical and
biotechnology company
AstraZeneca.
It is co-packaged and given as two separate consecutive intramuscular injections (one injection per monoclonal antibody, given in immediate succession).
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Development
In 2020, researchers at
Vanderbilt University Medical Center discovered particularly potent
monoclonal antibodies
A monoclonal antibody (mAb, more rarely called moAb) is an antibody produced from a cell Lineage made by cloning a unique white blood cell. All subsequent antibodies derived this way trace back to a unique parent cell.
Monoclonal antibodies ca ...
, isolated from
COVID-19 patients infected with a SARS-CoV-2 circulating at that time. Initially designated COV2-2196 and COV2-2130, antibody engineering was used to transfer their SARS-CoV-2 binding specificity to IgG scaffolds that would last longer in the body, and these engineered antibodies were named AZD8895 (tixagevimab) and AZD1061 (cilgavimab), respectively (and the combination was called AZD7442).
To evaluate the potential of the antibodies as monoclonal antibody based prophylaxis (prevention), the 'Provent'
clinical trial enrolled 5,000 high risk but not yet infected individuals and monitored them for 15 months.
The trial reported that those receiving the cocktail showed a 77% reduction in
symptomatic COVID-19 and that there were no severe cases or deaths. AstraZeneca also found that the antibody cocktail "neutralizes recent emergent
SARS-CoV-2 viral variants" including the
Delta variant,
and the
Omicron variant.
In contrast to pre-exposure prophylaxis, the Storm Chaser study of already-exposed people (post-exposure prophylaxis) did not meet its
primary endpoint, which was prevention of symptomatic COVID-19 in people already exposed. AZD7442 was administered to 1,000 volunteers who had recently been exposed to COVID.
Society and culture
Legal status
In October 2021, the
Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the
European Medicines Agency
The European Medicines Agency (EMA) is an agency of the European Union (EU) in charge of the evaluation and supervision of medicinal products. Prior to 2004, it was known as the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products or Euro ...
(EMA) started a rolling review of tixagevimab/cilgavimab, which is being developed by AstraZeneca AB, for the prevention of COVID-19 in adults. It was approved for medical use in the European Union in March 2022.
Also in October 2021, AstraZeneca requested
emergency use authorization for tixagevimab/cilgavimab to prevent COVID-19 from the U.S.
Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
In November 2021,
Bahrain authorized it for emergency use.
In December 2021, the U.S.
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted emergency use authorization (EUA) of this combination to prevent COVID-19 (before exposure) in people with weakened immunity or who cannot be fully vaccinated due to a history of severe reaction to coronavirus vaccines.
and in certain people aged 12 years of age and older weighing at least .
The product is only authorized for those individuals who are not infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus and who have not recently been exposed to an individual infected with SARS-CoV-2.
Although Evusheld is FDA-approved for emergency use in the U.S, it is estimated that around 80% of the available doses sit unused in warehouses and on pharmacy and hospital shelves due to confusion among patients and health care providers.
In March 2022, the European Medicines Agency's (EMA) committee CHMP adopted a positive opinion, recommending the granting of a marketing authorization for the medicinal product Evusheld, intended for the pre-exposure prophylaxis of COVID-19 in adults and adolescents aged 12 years and older weighing at least .
The applicant for this medicinal product is AstraZeneca AB.
[ Text was copied from this source which is copyright European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.] It has since been granted approval for use in the UK and in the European Union.
In January 2023, the FDA revised the EUA for Evusheld to limit its use to when the combined frequency of non-susceptible SARS-CoV-2 variants nationally is less than or equal to 90%.
Based on this revision, Evusheld is not authorized for use in the US.
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References
External links
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Tixagevimab Cilgavimab
AstraZeneca
Combination antiviral drugs
COVID-19 drug development
Experimental drugs
Monoclonal antibodies
Withdrawn drugs