The Cichlasomatinae are a subfamily of

cichlid Cichlids () are a large, diverse, and widespread family of percomorph fish in the family Cichlidae, order Cichliformes. At least 1,760 species have been scientifically described, making it one of the largest vertebrate families, with on ...

fishes, including all cichlids native to the

Greater Antilles The Greater Antilles is a grouping of the larger islands in the Caribbean Sea, including Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Jamaica, together with Navassa Island and the Cayman Islands. Seven island states share the region of the Greater Antille ...

(

Cuba Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is an island country, comprising the island of Cuba (largest island), Isla de la Juventud, and List of islands of Cuba, 4,195 islands, islets and cays surrounding the main island. It is located where the ...

and

Hispaniola Hispaniola (, also ) is an island between Geography of Cuba, Cuba and Geography of Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico in the Greater Antilles of the Caribbean. Hispaniola is the most populous island in the West Indies, and the second-largest by List of C ...

United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...

(southern

Texas Texas ( , ; or ) is the most populous U.S. state, state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. It borders Louisiana to the east, Arkansas to the northeast, Oklahoma to the north, New Mexico to the we ...

Mexico Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost country in Latin America, and borders the United States to the north, and Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; while having maritime boundar ...

and

Central America Central America is a subregion of North America. Its political boundaries are defined as bordering Mexico to the north, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the southwest. Central America is usually ...

, and many of the cichlids from

South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a considerably smaller portion in the Northern Hemisphere. It can also be described as the southern Subregion#Americas, subregion o ...

(the other South American subfamilies are Astronotinae,

Cichlinae The Cichlinae are a subfamily of fishes in the Cichlidae, cichlid family, native to Centra America, Central and South America. This subfamily consists of approximately 117 described species as of July 2017. Some authors have suggested that the ...

, Geophaginae, and Retroculinae). The subfamily Cichlasomatinae is often divided into two

tribes The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide use of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. The definition is contested, in part due to conflict ...

: Cichlasomatini and

Heroini Heroini is a fish tribe from the Cichlasomatinae subfamily in the family Cichlidae (cichlids). All cichlids native to the Greater Antilles, United States (southern Texas), Mexico and northern Central America are members of this tribe. It also in ...

, however some authorities classify these two tribes as part of the wider

Neotropical The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone. Definition In biogeogra ...

and marginally

Nearctic The Nearctic realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting the Earth's land surface. The Nearctic realm covers most of North America, including Greenland, Central Florida, and the highlands of Mexico. The parts of North America ...

subfamily Cichlinae.

Genera

This subfamily contains about 56 genera and 260 species: * Tribe Cichlasomatini Swainson, 1839 ** '' Acaronia''

Myers Myers as a surname has several possible origins, e.g. Old French ("physician"), Old English ("mayor"), and Old Norse ("marsh"). People * Abram F. Myers (1889–after 1960), chair of the Federal Trade Commission and later general counsel and b ...

, 1940 ** '' Aequidens'' C. H. Eigenmann & W. L. Bray, 1894 ** ''

Andinoacara ''Andinoacara'' is a genus of fish in the family Cichlidae. The genus was described in 2009.Musilova, Rican and Novak, 2009''Phylogeny of the Neotropical cichlid fish tribe Cichlasomatini (Teleostei: Cichlidae) based on morphological and molecula ...

'' Musilová, Říčan & Novák, 2009 ** '' Bujurquina'' Kullander, 1986 ** ''

Cichlasoma ''Cichlasoma'' is a genus of freshwater fish in the cichlid family. The genus was previously very large (a wastebasket taxon), including cichlids from North America, including Central America, and South America. Reclassification and subsequent ...

'' Swainson, 1839 ** '' Cleithracara'' Kullander & Nijssen 1989 ** '' Ivanacara''

Römer The Römer (German surname, "Roman") is a medieval building in the Altstadt of Frankfurt am Main, Germany, and one of the city's most important landmarks. The Römer is located opposite the Old St. Nicholas Church and has been the city hall ( ...

& Hahn, 2006 ** '' Krobia'' S. O. Kullander & Nijssen, 1989 ** '' Laetacara'' Kullander, 1986 ** '' Nannacara'' Regan, 1905 ** '' Rondonacara'' Ottoni & Mattos, 2015 ** '' Tahuantinsuyoa'' Kullander, 1986 * Tribe

Kullander, 1998 ** '' Amatitlania'' Schmitter-Soto, 2007 ** ''

Amphilophus ''Amphilophus'' is a genus of cichlid fishes from Central America, ranging from southern Mexico to Panama. The genus currently contains 23 species, including several that are well known from the aquarium trade. However, studies led by Oldřich � ...

Agassiz Jean Louis Rodolphe Agassiz ( ; ) FRS (For) FRSE (May 28, 1807 – December 14, 1873) was a Swiss-born American biologist and geologist who is recognized as a scholar of Earth's natural history. Spending his early life in Switzerland, he recei ...

, 1859 ** '' Archocentrus'' T.N. Gill, 1877 ** ''

Astatheros ''Astatheros macracanthus'', the blackthroat cichlid, is a species of cichlid freshwater fish from southern Mexico and northern Central America. It is the only recognized species in the genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above spe ...

'' Pellegrin, 1904 ** ''

Australoheros ''Australoheros'' is a fish genus in the cichlid family. Most are restricted to rivers and streams in southeastern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and northeastern Argentina, but at least one species is also found in lakes and swamps. This genus was ere ...

'' Říčan & Kullander, 2006 ** '' Caquetaia'' Fowler, 1945 ** ''

Chiapaheros ''Chiapaheros grammodes'' is a species of cichlid fish found in the upper part of the Grijalva River basin in southern Mexico and far western Guatemala. Adults generally inhabit areas with moderate to strong current, but they can also be found in ...

'' McMahan & Piller, 2015 ** '' Chocoheros'' Říčan & Piálek, 2016 ** '' Chortiheros'' Říčan & Piálek, 2016 ** '' Cincelichthys'' McMahan & Piller, 2015 ** '' Cryptoheros'' Allgayer, 2001 ** '' Darienheros'' Říčan & Novák 2016 ** '' Herichthys'' Baird & Girard, 1854 ** '' Heroina'' Kullander, 1996 ** '' Heros'' Heckel, 1840 ** '' Herotilapia'' Pellegrin, 1904 ** '' Hoplarchus'' Kaup, 1860 ** '' Hypselecara'' Kullander, 1986 ** '' Hypsophrys'' Agassiz, 1859 ** ''

Isthmoheros ''Isthmoheros tuyrensis'', is a species of cichlid fish found in slow-moving freshwater habitats on the Pacific slope of eastern Panama. Before it was recognized as the only member of the genus ''Isthmoheros'', it was placed in several other gene ...

'' (

Meek Meekness is an attribute of human nature and behavior that has been defined as an amalgam of righteousness, inner humility, and patience. Meekness has been contrasted with humility alone insomuch as humility simply refers to an attitude towards o ...

Hildebrand Hildebrand is a character from Germanic heroic legend. ''Hildebrand'' is the modern German form of the name: in Old High German it is ''Hiltibrant'' and in Old Norse ''Hildibrandr''. The word ''hild'' means "battle" and ''brand'' means "sword" ...

, 1913) ** '' Kihnichthys'' McMahan & Matamoros, 2015 ** '' Kronoheros'' Říčan & Piálek, 2016 ** '' Maskaheros'' McMahan & Piller, 2015 ** ''

Mayaheros ''Mayaheros'' is a genus of cichlid fish that is native to Mexico and northern Central America. This genus has a disjunct distribution, with the ''M. urophthalmus'' group being found in the Atlantic drainages of southeastern Mexico (southern Vera ...

'' Říčan & Piálek, 2016 ** '' Mesoheros'' McMahan & Chakrabarty, 2015 ** '' Mesonauta'' Günther, 1867 ** ''

Nandopsis ''Nandopsis'' is a small genus of cichlid fishes found in lakes, streams and rivers in Cuba and Hispaniola. ''Nandopsis'' are the only cichlids native to the Antilles. Species The genus currently contains three extant species, as well as one fos ...

'' T.N. Gill, 1862 ** ''

Nosferatu ''Nosferatu: A Symphony of Horror'' () is a 1922 silent film, silent German Expressionism (cinema), German Expressionist vampire film directed by F. W. Murnau from a screenplay by Henrik Galeen. It stars Max Schreck as Count Orlok, a vampire who ...

'' De la Maza-Benignos, Ornelas-García, Lozano-Vilano, García-Ramírez & Doadrio, 2015 ** '' Oscura'' McMahan & Chakrabarty, 2015 ** '' Parachromis'' Agassiz, 1859 ** '' Paraneetroplus'' Regan, 1905 ** '' Petenia'' Günther, 1862 ** ''

Pterophyllum ''Pterophyllum'' is a small genus of freshwater fish from the family Cichlidae known to most aquarists as angelfish. All ''Pterophyllum'' species originate in the Amazon Basin, Orinoco Basin and various rivers in the Guiana Shield in tropical ...

'' Heckel, 1840 ** '' Rheoheros'' McMahan & Matamoros, 2015 ** '' Rocio'' Schmitter-Soto, 2007 ** '' Symphysodon'' Heckel, 1840 ** '' Theraps'' Günther, 1862 ** '' Thorichthys'' Meek, 1904 ** '' Tomocichla'' Regan, 1908 ** '' Trichromis'' McMahan & Chakrabarty, 2015 ** ''

Uaru ''Uaru'' is a small genus of cichlids found in Blackwater river, blackwater and Whitewater river (river type), whitewater habitats in the upper Orinoco and the Amazon basin. Etymology The name ''Uaru'' comes from the Amazon word for toad. Speci ...

'' Heckel, 1840 ** ''

Vieja ''Vieja'' is a genus of cichlid fish from Central America and Mexico. The majority of the species are freshwater fish found in stagnant or slow-moving waters of southern Mexico to El Salvador, but ''V. maculicauda'', which also occurs in brackis ...

'' Fernández-Yépez, 1969 ** '' Wajpamheros'' Říčan & Piálek, 2016

References

Cichlid fish of Central America Cichlid fish of South America Ray-finned fish subfamilies Taxa named by Sven O. Kullander {{Cichlasomatinae-stub