Chrozophoridin is a chemical used as a dye. It is derived from the plant ''

Chrozophora tinctoria ''Chrozophora tinctoria'' (commonly known as dyer's croton, giradol, turnsole or dyer's litmus plant) is a plant species native to the Mediterranean, the Middle East, India, Pakistan, and Central Asia. It is also present as a weed in North Amer ...

'' (commonly known as dyer's croton, giradol, or turnsole), which is a species native to the

Mediterranean The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Western and Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on th ...

, the

Middle East The Middle East ( ar, الشرق الأوسط, ISO 233: ) is a geopolitical region commonly encompassing Arabia (including the Arabian Peninsula and Bahrain), Asia Minor (Asian part of Turkey except Hatay Province), East Thrace (Europ ...

India India, officially the Republic of India ( Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the ...

Pakistan Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 24 ...

, and

Central Asia Central Asia, also known as Middle Asia, is a region of Asia that stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to western China and Mongolia in the east, and from Afghanistan and Iran in the south to Russia in the north. It includes the former ...

.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
/ref> ''Chrozophora tinctoria'' produced the blue-purple colorant "

turnsole Turnsole or folium was a dyestuff prepared from the annual plant ''Chrozophora tinctoria''. History Turnsole became a mainstay of medieval manuscript illuminators starting with the development of the technique for extracting it in the thirteenth ...

" (also known as katasol or folium) used in medieval

illuminated manuscript An illuminated manuscript is a formally prepared document where the text is often supplemented with flourishes such as borders and miniature illustrations. Often used in the Roman Catholic Church for prayers, liturgical services and psalms, th ...

s and as a food colorant in Dutch cheese and certain liquors.Chrozophora, Folium cloth
/ref> The color comes from the plant's fruit, specifically its dry outer coat. The colorant is also obtained from the translucent sap contained in the plant cells when the leaves of the plant are broken off and exposed to the air., s.v. ''Chrozophora tinctoria'' Different shades of blue and purple may also be obtained when the juice extracts are exposed to the vapors emitted from

ammonia Ammonia is an inorganic compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula . A stable binary hydride, and the simplest pnictogen hydride, ammonia is a colourless gas with a distinct pungent smell. Biologically, it is a common nitrogeno ...

(NH₃), and which in France, during the late 19th century, was produced by applying fresh horse manure and urine to the fabric that was soaked with the plant extract. The plant has historically been used throughout the

Levant The Levant () is an approximation, approximate historical geography, historical geographical term referring to a large area in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Western Asia. In its narrowest sense, which is in use today in archaeology an ...

to dye clothing. of the plant produces of sap, and with this quantity one is able to dye of fabric rolls. The chemical structure consists of a

glucosyl A glycosyl group is a univalent free radical or substituent structure obtained by removing the hemiacetal hydroxyl group from the cyclic form of a monosaccharide and, by extension, of a lower oligosaccharide. Glycosyl also reacts with inorganic a ...

derivative of a dimer of hermidin. The material exists as a mixture of two

atropisomer Atropisomers are stereoisomers arising because of hindered rotation about a single bond, where energy differences due to steric strain or other contributors create a barrier to rotation that is high enough to allow for isolation of individual ...

ic forms as a result of restricted rotation about the bond between the two hermidin rings.

References

{{Reflist Dyes 2-Pyridones Methoxy compounds Monosaccharide derivatives Quinones