Chrozophoridin is a chemical used as a dye. It is derived from the plant '' Chrozophora tinctoria'' (commonly known as dyer's croton, giradol, or turnsole), which is a species native to the

Mediterranean The Mediterranean Sea ( ) is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the east by the Levant in West Asia, on the north by Anatolia in West Asia and Southern ...

, the

Middle East The Middle East (term originally coined in English language) is a geopolitical region encompassing the Arabian Peninsula, the Levant, Turkey, Egypt, Iran, and Iraq. The term came into widespread usage by the United Kingdom and western Eur ...

India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...

Pakistan Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of over 241.5 million, having the Islam by country# ...

, and

Central Asia Central Asia is a region of Asia consisting of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. The countries as a group are also colloquially referred to as the "-stans" as all have names ending with the Persian language, Pers ...

.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
/ref> ''Chrozophora tinctoria'' produced the blue-purple colorant "

turnsole Turnsole, katasol, or folium was a dyestuff prepared from the annual plant ''Chrozophora tinctoria''. History Turnsole became a mainstay of medieval Illuminated manuscript, manuscript illuminators starting with the development of the technique fo ...

" (also known as katasol or folium) used in medieval

illuminated manuscript An illuminated manuscript is a formally prepared manuscript, document where the text is decorated with flourishes such as marginalia, borders and Miniature (illuminated manuscript), miniature illustrations. Often used in the Roman Catholic Churc ...

s and as a food colorant in Dutch cheese and certain liquors.Chrozophora, Folium cloth
/ref> The color comes from the plant's fruit, specifically its dry outer coat. The colorant is also obtained from the translucent sap contained in the plant cells when the leaves of the plant are broken off and exposed to the air., s.v. ''Chrozophora tinctoria'' Different shades of blue and purple may also be obtained when the juice extracts are exposed to the vapors emitted from

ammonia Ammonia is an inorganic chemical compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the chemical formula, formula . A Binary compounds of hydrogen, stable binary hydride and the simplest pnictogen hydride, ammonia is a colourless gas with a distinctive pu ...

(NH₃), and which in France, during the late 19th century, was produced by applying fresh horse manure and urine to the fabric that was soaked with the plant extract. The plant has historically been used throughout the

Levant The Levant ( ) is the subregion that borders the Eastern Mediterranean, Eastern Mediterranean sea to the west, and forms the core of West Asia and the political term, Middle East, ''Middle East''. In its narrowest sense, which is in use toda ...

to dye clothing. of the plant produces of sap, and with this quantity one is able to dye of fabric rolls. The chemical structure consists of a glucosyl derivative of a dimer of hermidin. The material exists as a mixture of two

atropisomer Atropisomers are stereoisomers arising because of hindered rotation about a covalent bond, single bond, where Gibbs free energy, energy differences due to steric strain or other contributors create a barrier to rotation that is high enough to all ...

ic forms as a result of restricted rotation about the bond between the two hermidin rings.

References

{{Reflist Dyes 2-Pyridones Methoxy compounds Monosaccharide derivatives Quinones