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José Christiano de Freitas Henriques Junior (1832–1902),Christiano Junior, cuando empezaba el país
on ''La Nación'', 21 April 2002 mostly known as Christiano Junior, was a Portuguese-born photographer. He was one of the most prominent photographers in
by Abel Alexander & Luis Priamo on Oocities.org During a time, Christiano Junior was associated with British colleague Alexander Witcomb, who would later acquire Junior's studio and photographs, adding them to his own material. In 1970, Witcomb's entire artwork became part of the General Archive of the Nation as an evidence of the history of Argentina registered on photographs.
by Eduardo Parise on ''Clarín'', 2011 he emigrated to Brazil in 1855. It is unclear how Christiano Junior learned the techniques of photography. In 1863 he began its activities in
on Encyclopedia Itaú-Cultural, 25 Sep 2013 (archived) During the period he lived in Rio de Janeiro, he photographed several African-descendants slaves, which were almost half of the city's population by then (110,000 out of a total of 266,000 inhabitants). His camera caught the slaves in poses that staged their professional activities. Most pictures depicted street vendors. In 1865 he moved to Buenos Aires with his wife and two children, opening his first studio in 1867. It was located in
Since 1875 Christiano Junior was the official photographer and also member of the Sociedad Rural Argentina, even collaborating as a writer. He had a keen interest in agriculture, and as a result of his friendship with many managers of the institution, he was called for the project.Christiano Junior, fotógrafo pionero de la Sociedad Rural Argentina
by Abel Alexander on Buenos Aires Historia Junior collaborated with the institution until 1878, when he sold his studio. During 1876 and 1877 two volumes of a photo album were released. They were part of a project named ''Album de vistas y costumbres de la República Argentina desde el Atlántico a Los Andes'', passing through some cities of Argentina and taking photos of each one of them. To make the trip to complete his project, Christiano Junior sold his studio to the Witcomb & Mackern society (predecessor or famous Casa Witcomb) in 1878. After leaving Buenos Aires, he went on an "artistic tour" (in his own words) visiting the Santa Fe, Córdoba, Mendoza,Las fotos más antiguas de Mendoza
by Patricia Rodón on Mdzol.com.ar San Luis,
on Brazilian Fotografica – 21 Sep 2018
File:Riachuelo de los navios.jpg, Workers of the Riachuelo
File:Ferrocarril Oeste de Buenos Aires Estación del Parque Christiano Junior.jpg, Del Parque station of
Colección Witcomb: imágenes antiguas de Buenos Aires
on Educ.ar (with several photos by Christiano Junior) {{DEFAULTSORT:Christiano Junior (photographer) Portuguese photographers Immigrants to Argentina 1832 births 1902 deaths People from Flores Island (Azores)
on ''La Nación'', 21 April 2002 mostly known as Christiano Junior, was a Portuguese-born photographer. He was one of the most prominent photographers in
Argentina
Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America. It covers an area of , making it the List of South American countries by area, second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourt ...
in the 19th century.Recordando a Christianoby Abel Alexander & Luis Priamo on Oocities.org During a time, Christiano Junior was associated with British colleague Alexander Witcomb, who would later acquire Junior's studio and photographs, adding them to his own material. In 1970, Witcomb's entire artwork became part of the General Archive of the Nation as an evidence of the history of Argentina registered on photographs.
Biography
Born in Flores island,Azores Islands
The Azores ( , , ; , ), officially the Autonomous Region of the Azores (), is one of the two autonomous regions of Portugal (along with Madeira). It is an archipelago composed of nine volcanic islands in the Macaronesia region of the North Atlant ...
, Portugal
Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe. Featuring Cabo da Roca, the westernmost point in continental Europe, Portugal borders Spain to its north and east, with which it share ...
,El portugués que retrató la ciudadby Eduardo Parise on ''Clarín'', 2011 he emigrated to Brazil in 1855. It is unclear how Christiano Junior learned the techniques of photography. In 1863 he began its activities in
Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro, or simply Rio, is the capital of the Rio de Janeiro (state), state of Rio de Janeiro. It is the List of cities in Brazil by population, second-most-populous city in Brazil (after São Paulo) and the Largest cities in the America ...
. During that period, the subjects of his photos are mainly slaves and people affected by Lymphatic filariasis
Lymphatic filariasis is a human disease caused by parasitic worms known as filarial worms. Usually acquired in childhood, it is a leading cause of permanent disability worldwide, impacting over a hundred million people and manifesting itself in ...
.Christiano Júnior, José (1832-1902)on Encyclopedia Itaú-Cultural, 25 Sep 2013 (archived) During the period he lived in Rio de Janeiro, he photographed several African-descendants slaves, which were almost half of the city's population by then (110,000 out of a total of 266,000 inhabitants). His camera caught the slaves in poses that staged their professional activities. Most pictures depicted street vendors. In 1865 he moved to Buenos Aires with his wife and two children, opening his first studio in 1867. It was located in
Florida street
Florida Street () is a popular shopping street in Buenos Aires CBD, Downtown Buenos Aires, Argentina. A pedestrian street since 1971, some stretches have been pedestrianized since 1913.
The Walkability, pedestrian section as such starts at the i ...
N° 159. Soon after, he moved to another building that provided more space. At the beginning of the 1870s, C. Junior opened another studio in Artes street, named "Fotografía de la Infancia" (Childhood Photography), hosted by his son José V. Freitas Henriques.
Christiano Junior soon gained reputation in the city, being requested by personalities such as Domingo Faustino Sarmiento
Domingo Faustino Sarmiento (15 February 1811 – 11 September 1888) was President of Argentina from 1868 to 1874. He was a member of a group of intellectuals, known as the '' Generation of 1837'', who had a great influence on 19th-century Argent ...
, Adolfo Alsina
Adolfo Alsina Maza (January 4, 1829 – December 29, 1877) was an Argentine lawyer and Unitarian politician, who was one of the founders of the Autonomist Party and the National Autonomist Party.Ione S. Wright and Lisa M. Nekhom, ''Histori ...
, Lucio V. Mansilla and Luis Sáenz Peña
Luis Sáenz-Peña (2 April 1822 – 4 December 1907) was a lawyer and President of Argentina. He was the father of president Roque Sáenz Peña.
Biography
Luis Saenz-Peña was born on 2 April 1822 to Roque Julián Sáenz-Peña and María Lu ...
among others. Between 1873 and 1875 he took more than 4,000 photos, with an average of 5 customers per day.
Since 1875 Christiano Junior was the official photographer and also member of the Sociedad Rural Argentina, even collaborating as a writer. He had a keen interest in agriculture, and as a result of his friendship with many managers of the institution, he was called for the project.Christiano Junior, fotógrafo pionero de la Sociedad Rural Argentinaby Abel Alexander on Buenos Aires Historia Junior collaborated with the institution until 1878, when he sold his studio. During 1876 and 1877 two volumes of a photo album were released. They were part of a project named ''Album de vistas y costumbres de la República Argentina desde el Atlántico a Los Andes'', passing through some cities of Argentina and taking photos of each one of them. To make the trip to complete his project, Christiano Junior sold his studio to the Witcomb & Mackern society (predecessor or famous Casa Witcomb) in 1878. After leaving Buenos Aires, he went on an "artistic tour" (in his own words) visiting the Santa Fe, Córdoba, Mendoza,
by Patricia Rodón on Mdzol.com.ar
San Juan San Juan, Spanish for Saint John (disambiguation), Saint John, most commonly refers to:
* San Juan, Puerto Rico
* San Juan, Argentina
* San Juan, Metro Manila, a highly urbanized city in the Philippines
San Juan may also refer to:
Places Arge ...
, Santiago del Estero
Santiago del Estero (, Spanish for ''Saint-James-Upon-The-Lagoon'') is the capital of Santiago del Estero Province in northern Argentina. It has a population of 252,192 inhabitants, () making it the twelfth largest city in the country, with a sur ...
, Catamarca, Tucumán, Salta
Salta () is the capital and largest city in the Provinces of Argentina, Argentine province of Salta Province, the same name. With a population of 618,375 according to the 2010 census, it is also the List of cities in Argentina, 7th most-populous ...
and Jujuy
San Salvador de Jujuy (), commonly known as Jujuy and locally often referred to as San Salvador, is the capital and largest city of Jujuy Province in northwest Argentina. Also, it is the seat of the Doctor Manuel Belgrano Department. It lies near ...
provinces to complete the work stated with ''Vistas y costumbres...''.
Nevertheless, and after four years of trip throughout Argentina the artist ceased his activity as a photographer in 1883. Even unfinished, the work made by Christiano Junior during those 4 years is considered one of the most important and ambitious projects in Argentine and Latin America.
Christiano Junior died in Asunción, Paraguay, in 1902.
Bibliography
''Vistas y costumbres de la Republica Argentina'' (1877)
The album included 12 photos of the city of Buenos Aires, each one with a description (written by Mariano Pelliza and Ángel Carranza) in Spanish, English, French, and German languages. Subjects depicted were (in order of appearance): * Buenos Aires (panoramic view) * Administración de Rentas Nacionales building * ''Palermo'' * Equestrian statue ofJosé de San Martín
José Francisco de San Martín y Matorras (; 25 February 177817 August 1850), nicknamed "the Liberator of Argentina, Chile and Peru", was an Argentine general and the primary leader of the southern and central parts of South America's succe ...
* ''Gasómetro primitivo''
* Estación Central
Estación Central ((), Spanish for "central station") is a commune of Chile located in Santiago Province, Santiago Metropolitan Region. It is named after the Estación Central railway station, which is located within the commune.
Demographi ...
* Casa Rosada
The ''Casa Rosada'' (), , is the president of the Argentine Republic's official workplace, located in Buenos Aires. The palatial mansion is known officially as ''Casa de Gobierno'' ("House of Government" or "Government House"). Normally, the pre ...
* Palacio del Congreso
* Plaza de Lorea
* ''Casa de Expósitos'' (orphanage)
* Pueyrredón Bridge
The Pueyrredón Bridge (officially called Prilidiano Pueyrredón Bridge) is a bascule bridge in Buenos Aires, Argentina. It connects Vieytes street of Barracas, Buenos Aires, Barracas neighborhood with Bartolomé Mitre Avenue in Avellaneda Parti ...
* Plaza de la Victoria
''Vistas y costumbres de la Republica Argentina'' (1877)
Second album with 12 photos also, which depicted: * Metropolitan Cathedral * ''Escenas de la playa'' (launders atRío de la Plata
The Río de la Plata (; ), also called the River Plate or La Plata River in English, is the estuary formed by the confluence of the Uruguay River and the Paraná River at Punta Gorda, Colonia, Punta Gorda. It empties into the Atlantic Ocean and ...
)
* Buenos Aires and Ensenada Port Railway bridge
* ''Escenas de la playa'' (fishers at Río de la Plata)
* Statue of Valentín Alsina
Valentín Alsina (December 16, 1802 – September 6, 1869) was an Argentine lawyer and politician.
Biography
Early life
Alsina was born in Buenos Aires and studied law at the University of Córdoba. He occupied diverse posts in government, an ...
* ''El naranjero'' (oranges street vendor)
* ''Quinta del General Brown''
* ''La Boca del Riachuelo''
* Bank of the Province of Buenos Aires
The Bank of the Province of Buenos Aires (), better known as Banco Provincia, is a publicly owned bank in Argentina and the second-largest in the country by value of assets and deposits.
History
The progressive Governor of the Province of Bueno ...
* Santa Felicitas Church
* Hospital Italiano
* Dique de San Fernando
San Fernando may refer to:
People
*Ferdinand III of Castile (c. 1200–1252), called ''San Fernando'' (Spanish) or ''Saint Ferdinand'', King of Castile, León, and Galicia
Places Argentina
*San Fernando de la Buena Vista, city of Greater Buenos ...
;Notes
Other books
* ''Tratado prático de vinicultura, destilaria e licoreria'' (with prologue by Eduardo L. Holmberg O fotógrafo açoriano Christiano Junior (1832 – 1902) e sua importante atuação no Brasil e na Argentinaon Brazilian Fotografica – 21 Sep 2018
Gallery
Buenos Aires Western Railway
The Buenos Aires Western Railway (BAWR; Spanish: Ferrocarril Oeste de Buenos Aires), inaugurated in the city of Buenos Aires on 29 August 1857, was the first railway built in Argentina and the start of the extensive rail network that was devel ...
File:Chascomus-antiguo 1875.jpg, Chascomús station
File:Estatua de san martin junior.jpg, Equestrian statue of José de San Martín
José Francisco de San Martín y Matorras (; 25 February 177817 August 1850), nicknamed "the Liberator of Argentina, Chile and Peru", was an Argentine general and the primary leader of the southern and central parts of South America's succe ...
File:Naranjero.png, Street vendor
File:Iglesia de Santa Felicitas (Barracas).jpg, Santa Felicitas Church
File:Iglesia Metropolitana (Junior, 1876).jpg, Buenos Aires Metropolitan Cathedral
The Metropolitan Cathedral of the Most Holy Trinity () is a Roman Catholic Cathedral in Buenos Aires, the capital city of Argentina.Domingo Sarmiento
Domingo Faustino Sarmiento (15 February 1811 – 11 September 1888) was President of Argentina from 1868 to 1874. He was a member of a group of intellectuals, known as the ''1837 generation, Generation of 1837'', who had a great influence on 19t ...
File:Puente del ferro-carril a la Ensenada.jpg, BAEPR bridge over the Riachuelo.
File:Residencia de Juan Manuel de Rosas (1876).jpg, Residence of J.M. de Rosas
File:Plaza de la Victoria. El Cabildo (Junior, 1876).jpg, .jpg, <div class=){kind=link}
Plaza de Mayo
The Plaza de Mayo (, ; ) is a city square and the main foundational site of Buenos Aires, Argentina. It was formed in 1884 after the demolition of the Recova building, unifying the city's Plaza Mayor and Plaza de Armas, by that time known as ''Pl ...
File:Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires (1876).jpg, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires
File:El dique de San Fernando.jpg, San Fernando
San Fernando may refer to:
People
*Ferdinand III of Castile (c. 1200–1252), called ''San Fernando'' (Spanish) or ''Saint Ferdinand'', King of Castile, León, and Galicia
Places Argentina
*San Fernando de la Buena Vista, city of Greater Buenos ...
levee
A levee ( or ), dike (American English), dyke (British English; see American and British English spelling differences#Miscellaneous spelling differences, spelling differences), embankment, floodbank, or stop bank is an elevated ridge, natural ...
File:Colegio san jose de buenosaires - 1877.jpg, Streets of Buenos Aires
See also
* General Archive of the Nation * Alexander WitcombReferences
External links
Colección Witcomb: imágenes antiguas de Buenos Aires
on Educ.ar (with several photos by Christiano Junior) {{DEFAULTSORT:Christiano Junior (photographer) Portuguese photographers Immigrants to Argentina 1832 births 1902 deaths People from Flores Island (Azores)