Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek (, ; ) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the classical antiquity, ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Greek ...
roots (''khondros'') 'lump' + (''stoma'') 'mouth' = 'lump-mouth') is a
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of
ray-finned fish
Actinopterygii (; ), members of which are known as ray-finned fish or actinopterygians, is a class of bony fish that comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species. They are so called because of their lightly built fins made of webbings of sk ...
in the family
Leuciscidae
Leuciscidae is a family of freshwater ray-finned fishes, formerly classified as a subfamily of the Cyprinidae, which contains the true minnows.
Members of the Old World (OW) clade of minnows within this subfamily are known as European minnow ...
. They are commonly known as nases, although this term is also used locally to denote particular species, most frequently the
common nase
The common nase (''Chondrostoma nasus'') is a European potamodromous cyprinid fish. It is often simply called the nase, but that can refer to any species of its genus '' Chondrostoma''. Another name is sneep.
Distribution
The nase is found natur ...
(''C. nasus'').
The common name refers to the protruding upper jaw of these fishes; it is derived from the
German
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany, the country of the Germans and German things
**Germania (Roman era)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizenship in Germany, see also Ge ...
term ''Nase'' 'nose'.
Several species have a very restricted range. Some of these
endemics
Endemism is the state of a species being found only in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also foun ...
are very rare nowadays, and at least one
species
A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...
is globally
extinct
Extinction is the termination of an organism by the death of its Endling, last member. A taxon may become Functional extinction, functionally extinct before the death of its last member if it loses the capacity to Reproduction, reproduce and ...
.
Systematics
In 2007 it was determined that the presumed
monophyletic
In biological cladistics for the classification of organisms, monophyly is the condition of a taxonomic grouping being a clade – that is, a grouping of organisms which meets these criteria:
# the grouping contains its own most recent co ...
group consisted of six at least partly independent lineages of
Leuciscinae
Leuciscinae is a subfamily of freshwater Actinopterygii, ray-finned fishes belonging to the Family (biology), family Leuciscidae, which includes the fishes known as daces, chubs, shiners and minnows. The fishes in this subfamily are mainly found i ...
, meaning that the rasping feeding apparatus evolved more than once. It was proposed to split the genus in six in consequence: ''
Achondrostoma
''Achondrostoma'' is a genus of freshwater fish in the family Leuciscidae, the daces and minnows. It is endemic to the Iberian Peninsula.
The genus was erected in 2007 for three fish separated from genus '' Chondrostoma'' on the basis of genetic ...
'', ''Chondrostoma'', ''
Iberochondrostoma
''Iberochondrostoma'' is a genus of freshwater Actinopterygii, ray-finned fishes belonging to the Family (biology), family Leuciscidae. The fishes in this genus are Endemism, endemic to the Iberian Peninsula.
Species
''Iberochondrostoma'' contain ...
'', ''
Pseudochondrostoma
''Pseudochondrostoma'' is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, which includes the daces, Eurasian minnows and related species. The fishes in this genus occur in the Iberian Peninsula. They are commonly known ...
'', ''
Protochondrostoma
The South European nase (''Protochondrostoma genei'') is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, which includes the daces, Eurasian minnows and related species. It is the only species in the monospecific genus ...
'' and ''
Parachondrostoma
''Parachondrostoma'' is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, which includes the daces, Eurasian minnows and related species. This species in this genus are found mostly in Spain with one species entering Fran ...
''. But at least ''Achondrostoma'' and ''Iberochondrostoma'' may not be separable.
Species
These are the currently recognized species in this genus:
* ''
Chondrostoma angorense
''Chondrostoma angorense'', the Ankara nase or Black Sea nase, is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae. This species is endemic to northern Anatolia, Turkey, where it occurs in the drainages of the Sakarya ...
''
Elvira
Elvira is a female given name. It is believed to have first been recorded in medieval Spain, while other sources claim that it is likely of Germanic ( Gothic) origin.
In the Balkans, Elvira is popular among Bosniaks, Croats, and Slovenes in the ...
, 1987 (Ankara nase)
* ''
Chondrostoma beysehirense
The Beysehir nase (''Chondrostoma beysehirense'') is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. The species is found only in Turkey and is restricted to three streams flowing into Lake Beysehir, where it also occurs, in central Anato ...
Chondrostoma ceyhanense
' (from the Ancient Greek roots (''khondros'') 'lump' + (''stoma'') 'mouth' = 'lump-mouth') is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Leuciscidae. They are commonly known as nases, although this term is also used locally to denote particu ...
Turan
Turan (; ; , , ) is a historical region in Central Asia. The term is of Iranian origin and may refer to a particular prehistoric human settlement, a historic geographical region, or a culture. The original Turanians were an Iranian tribe of th ...
Krupp
Friedrich Krupp AG Hoesch-Krupp (formerly Fried. Krupp AG and Friedrich Krupp GmbH), trade name, trading as Krupp, was the largest company in Europe at the beginning of the 20th century as well as Germany's premier weapons manufacturer dur ...
Berg
Berg may refer to:
People
*Berg (surname), a surname (including a list of people with the name)
* General Berg (disambiguation)
* Berg Ng (born 1960), Hong Kong actor
* Berg (footballer, born 1963), Ninimbergue dos Santos Guerra, Brazilian footba ...
Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,#Blunt, Blunt (2004), p. 171. was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming o ...
Karaman
Karaman is a city in south central Turkey, located in Central Anatolia, north of the Taurus Mountains, about south of Konya. It is the seat of Karaman Province and Karaman District.Chondrostoma orientale''
Bianco
Bianco is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the province of Reggio Calabria, in the Italian region of Calabria. It is a seaside town and a popular tourist resort. The main attractions are the remainings of an old abbey and the ruins of a Roman ho ...
Chondrostoma turnai
' (from the Ancient Greek roots (''khondros'') 'lump' + (''stoma'') 'mouth' = 'lump-mouth') is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Leuciscidae. They are commonly known as nases, although this term is also used locally to denote particu ...
'' Güçlü, Küçük, Turan, Çiftçi & Mutlu, 2018
* ''
Chondrostoma vardarense
''Chondrostoma vardarense'' is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Leuciscidae.
It is found in Bulgaria, Greece, North Macedonia, and Turkey.
Its natural habitat is rivers.
It is threatened by habitat loss
Habitat destruction (also t ...
Yakovlev
The Joint-stock company, JSC A.S. Yakovlev Design Bureau () is a Russian aircraft designer and manufacturer (design office prefix Yak). Its head office is in Aeroport District, Northern Administrative Okrug, Moscow. It is a subsidiary of Yakovle ...