Chlamydomonadales, also known as Volvocales, are an

order Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood * Heterarchy, a system of organization wherein the elements have the potential to be ranked a number of d ...

flagellate A flagellate is a cell or organism with one or more whip-like appendages called flagella. The word ''flagellate'' also describes a particular construction (or level of organization) characteristic of many prokaryotes and eukaryotes and the ...

d or

pseudociliate Pseudociliate (su-do-sil-i-A-ta) is made of two roots, One Greek and one is Latin. Pseudos (ψευδής) in Greek means false, cilium in Latin means eyelash. It refers to a type of cells which are covered by small coordinated flagella (cilia ...

green algae The green algae (singular: green alga) are a group consisting of the Prasinodermophyta and its unnamed sister which contains the Chlorophyta and Charophyta/ Streptophyta. The land plants ( Embryophytes) have emerged deep in the Charophyte alg ...

, specifically of the Chlorophyceae.See the NCBIbr>webpage on Chlamydomonadales
Data extracted from the Chlamydomonadales can form planar or spherical colonies. These vary from '' Gonium'' (four to 32 cells) up to '' Volvox'' (500 cells or more). Each cell has two flagella, and is similar in appearance to ''

Chlamydomonas ''Chlamydomonas'' is a genus of green algae consisting of about 150 speciesSmith, G.M. 1955 ''Cryptogamic Botany Volume 1. Algae and Fungi'' McGraw-Hill Book Company Inc of unicellular flagellates, found in stagnant water and on damp soil, ...

'', with the flagella throughout the colony moving in coordination. Both asexual and

sexual reproduction Sexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that involves a complex life cycle in which a gamete ( haploid reproductive cells, such as a sperm or egg cell) with a single set of chromosomes combines with another gamete to produce a zygote th ...

occur. In the former, cells divide until they form new colonies, which are then released. In the smaller forms, typically all cells are involved, but larger forms have anterior vegetative and posterior reproductive cells. Sexual reproduction varies from

isogamy Isogamy is a form of sexual reproduction that involves gametes of the same morphology (indistinguishable in shape and size), found in most unicellular eukaryotes. Because both gametes look alike, they generally cannot be classified as male or ...

(both genders produce flagellated

gamete A gamete (; , ultimately ) is a haploid cell that fuses with another haploid cell during fertilization in organisms that reproduce sexually. Gametes are an organism's reproductive cells, also referred to as sex cells. In species that produce ...

s of equal size) to

oogamy Oogamy is an extreme form of anisogamy where the gametes differ in both size and form. In oogamy the large female gamete (also known as ovum) is immobile, while the small male gamete (also known as sperm) is mobile. Oogamy is a common form o ...

(one gender produces a much larger, nonmotile gamete). The classification of the Chlamydomonadales varies. Very often they are taken to include the orders Volvocales and Dunallielales, which contain closely related unicellular flagellates, as suborders. Colony inversion is believed to have arisen twice in this order. Spheroidal colony formation differs between the two lineages: rotation of daughter protoplasts during successive cell divisions in Astrephomene, and inversion after cell divisions in the Volvocaceae.Yamashita S, Arakaki Y, Kawai-Toyooka H, Noga A, Hirono M, Nozaki H
Alternative evolution of a spheroidal colony in volvocine algae: developmentalanalysis of embryogenesis in Astrephomene (Volvocales, Chlorophyta).
BMC Evol Biol. 2016 Nov 9;16(1):243. PubMed ; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5103382. CC-BY icon

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Doi 10

Families

AlgaeBase AlgaeBase is a global species database of information on all groups of algae, both marine and freshwater, as well as sea-grass. History AlgaeBase began in March 1996, founded by Michael Guiry. Text was copied from this source, which is ava ...

accepted the following families: * Actinochloridaceae Korshikov * Asteromonadaceae Péterfi * Carteriaceae Pascher * Characiochloridaceae Skuja * Characiosiphonaceae Iyengar * Chlamydomonadaceae F.Stein * Chlorangiellaceae Bourrelly ex Fott * Chlorochytriaceae Setchell & N.L.Gardner *

Chlorococcaceae Chlorococcaceae is a family of green algae, in the order Chlamydomonadales. List of genera * ''Apodochloris'' * ''Bracteacoccus'' * ''Chlorococcopsis'' * ''Chlorococcum'' * ''Chlorohippotes'' * ''Chlorotetraedron'' * ''Closteridium'' * ''Cocco ...

Blackman & Tansley * Chlorosarcinaceae Bourrelly ex Groover & Bold * Dunaliellaceae T.A.Christensen * Goniaceae (Pascher) Pascher * Haematococcaceae G.M.Smith * Hormotilaceae Korshikov *

Hypnomonadaceae Hypnomonadaceae is a family of green algae The green algae (singular: green alga) are a group consisting of the Prasinodermophyta and its unnamed sister which contains the Chlorophyta and Charophyta/Streptophyta. The land plants (Embryophyte ...

Korshikov * Palmellaceae Decaisne * Palmellopsidaceae Korshikov * Phacotaceae Francé *

Pleurastraceae ''Pleurastrum'' is a genus of green algae, specifically of the Chlorophyceae. , it was the only genus in the family Pleurastraceae. Species , AlgaeBase accepted the following species: *''Pleurastrum insigne'' Chodat *''Pleurastrum photoheterotr ...

K.R.Mattox & K.D.Stewart *

Protosiphonaceae Protosiphonaceae is a family of chlorophyte green algae, in the order Chlamydomonadales. Genera , AlgaeBase AlgaeBase is a global species database of information on all groups of algae, both marine and freshwater, as well as sea-grass. Hi ...

Blackman & Tansley *

Sphaerocystidaceae Sphaerocystidaceae is a family of chlorophyte green algae The green algae (singular: green alga) are a group consisting of the Prasinodermophyta and its unnamed sister which contains the Chlorophyta and Charophyta/Streptophyta. The land plant ...

Fott ex Tsarenko * Sphaerodictyaceae C.-C.Jao *

Spondylomoraceae Spondylomoraceae is a family of algae in the order Chlamydomonadales.See the NCBI The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institutes ...

Korshikov *

Tetrabaenaceae Tetrabaenaceae is a family of green algae in the order Chlamydomonadales.See the NCBI The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institut ...

H.Nozaki & M.Ito * Tetrasporaceae Wittrock * Volvocaceae Ehrenberg * Wislouchiaceae Molinari & Guiry

References

{{Taxonbar, from1=Q8345469, from2=Q1067225 Chlorophyta orders Chlorophyceae