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The ''chartoularios'' or ''chartularius'' ( el, χαρτουλάριος),
Anglicized
Anglicisation is the process by which a place or person becomes influenced by English culture or British culture, or a process of cultural and/or linguistic change in which something non-English becomes English. It can also refer to the influen ...
as chartulary, was a late
Roman and
Byzantine
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire primarily in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantin ...
administrative official, entrusted with administrative and
fiscal
Fiscal usually refers to government finance. In this context, it may refer to:
Economics
* Fiscal policy, use of government expenditure to influence economic development
* Fiscal policy debate
* Fiscal adjustment, a reduction in the government pr ...
duties, either as a subaltern official of a department or province or at the head of various independent bureaus.
History
The title derives from
Latin
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power ...
''chartulārius'' from ''charta'' (ultimately from Greek χάρτης ''chartēs''), a term used for official documents, and is attested from 326, when ''chartularii'' were employed in the chanceries (''scrinia'') of the senior offices of the Roman state (the
praetorian prefecture, the ''
officium'' of the ''
magister militum
(Latin for "master of soldiers", plural ) was a top-level military command used in the later Roman Empire, dating from the reign of Constantine the Great. The term referred to the senior military officer (equivalent to a war theatre commander, ...
'', etc.).
[.] Originally lowly clerks, by the 6th century they had risen in importance, to the extent that
Peter the Patrician
Peter the Patrician ( la, Petrus Patricius, el, , ''Petros ho Patrikios''; –565) was a senior Byzantine official, diplomat, and historian. A well-educated and successful lawyer, he was repeatedly sent as envoy to Ostrogothic Italy in the pr ...
, when distinguishing between civil and military officials, calls the former ''chartoularikoi''. From the 7th century on, ''chartoularioi'' could be either employed as heads of departments within a fiscal department (''sekreton'' or ''logothesion''), as heads of independent departments, or in the
thematic (provincial) and
tagmatic administration, although the occasional appointment of ''chartoularioi'' at the head of armies is also recorded. The ecclesiastic counterpart was called a ''
chartophylax'', and both terms were sometimes used interchangeably.
''Chartoularioi''
*The ''chartoularioi tou
xeos
Sakha, also known by the ancient name of Xois ( ar, سخا, grc-koi, Ξόις, cop, ⲥϦⲱⲟⲩ Strabo xvii. p, 802; Ptolemy iv. 5. § 50; , Stephanus of Byzantium ''s. v.'') is a town in Kafr El Sheikh Governorate of Egypt. Located near the ...
dromou'' (, "chartularies of the course"), subaltern officials in the department of the ''dromos'' ("the Course") under the ''
logothetēs tou dromou''.
*The so-called ''chartoularioi megaloi tou sekretou'' (, "grand chartularies of the department"), as heads of the various bureaus of the department of the ''genikon'' ("the General
isc #REDIRECT ISC #REDIRECT ISC
{{redirect category shell, {{R from other capitalisation{{R from ambiguous page ...
{{redirect category shell, {{R from other capitalisation{{R from ambiguous page ...
), and the ''chartoularioi tōn arklōn'' () or ''exō chartoularioi'' (, "outer chartularies") as the senior treasury officials posted in the provinces ("outer" meaning outside
Constantinople
la, Constantinopolis ota, قسطنطينيه
, alternate_name = Byzantion (earlier Greek name), Nova Roma ("New Rome"), Miklagard/Miklagarth ( Old Norse), Tsargrad ( Slavic), Qustantiniya (Arabic), Basileuousa ("Queen of Cities"), Megalopolis ( ...
).
*The ''chartoularios tou oikistikou'' () or simply ''ho oikistikos'', whose precise functions are unknown, is also attested under the ''genikon''; it did become an independent bureau by the 11th century, but disappears after that. It is recorded that he was in charge of tax exemptions, and had various juridical duties in some ''themata'' in the 11th century; the office may have been associated with the imperial domains (''oikoi'').
*The ''chartoularioi
egaloitou sekretou'' (), as the senior subaltern officials of the department of the ''
logothetēs toū stratiōtikou'', who supervised the military fisc, and further ''chartoularioi'' of the individual ''themata'' () and ''tagmata'' (), supervising the financial affairs of the thematic troops and the imperial ''
tagmata'', respectively.
*The ''chartoularios tou sakelliou'' (), in charge of the ''Sakellion'' treasury.
*The ''
chartoularios tou vestiariou'' (), in charge of the ''Vestiarion'' treasury.
*The ''
chartoularios tou kanikleiou'' (), in charge of the imperial inkpot (the ''kanikleion''), a post given to one of the most trusted aides of the Byzantine emperor.
*The ''chartoularios tou stablou'' (, "chartulary of the stable"), initially a subaltern official under the ''
komēs tou stablou'' ("Count of the Stable"), in the 11th century the epithet ''megas'' was added and he became head of his department, supervising the imperial stud farms (''
mētata'' or ''chartoularata'') in the
Balkans
The Balkans ( ), also known as the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions. The region takes its name from the Balkan Mountains that stretch throughout the who ...
and
Asia Minor
Anatolia, tr, Anadolu Yarımadası), and the Anatolian plateau, also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula in Western Asia and the westernmost protrusion of the Asian continent. It constitutes the major part of modern-day Turkey. The ...
and being responsible for the provisioning of the imperial baggage train.
[; .] A further ''chartoularios'', in charge of the large army encampment (''
aplēkton'') at
Malagina (), was subordinated to him.
*Two ''chartoularioi'', one for each of the two ''dēmoi'', the Blues and Greens, of the Byzantine capital, Constantinople.
[.]
*The ''megas chartoularios'' was a
Palaiologan-era honorary court title, recorded by
pseudo-Kodinos
George Kodinos or Codinus ( el, Γεώργιος Κωδινός), also Pseudo-Kodinos, '' kouropalates'' in the Byzantine court, is the reputed 14th-century author of three extant works in late Byzantine literature.
Their attribution to him is me ...
, which entailed no specific office or function.
References
Sources
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{{Byzantine Empire topics, governance
Byzantine administrative offices
Byzantine fiscal offices