Charles Austen

Rear Admiral Charles John Austen CB (23 June 1779 – 7 October 1852) was an officer in the Royal Navy and the youngest brother of novelist Jane Austen. He served during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, and beyond, eventually rising to the rank of rear-admiral.

Family and early life

Charles was born in 1779 as the sixth and youngest son of the Reverend George Austen and his wife, Cassandra Leigh. His elder brother, Sir Francis Austen, also joined the Navy, and eventually became an admiral of the fleet. Charles joined the Royal Naval Academy in July 1791, and by September 1794, he had become midshipman aboard . He subsequently served aboard and . While serving aboard the ''Unicorn,'' Austen assisted in the capture of the 18-gun Dutch brig ''Comet'', the 44-gun French frigate ''Tribune'', and the French transport ship ''Ville de l'Orient''.

After transferring to ''Endymion'' he helped in the driving into Hellevoetsluis of the Dutch ship of the line ''Brutus''. As a result of the latter action Austen was promoted to lieutenant on 13 December 1797, and appointed to HMS ''Scorpion''. He was aboard ''Scorpion'' long enough to be present at the capture of the Dutch brig ''Courier'', after which he transferred to HMS ''Tamar''. Aboard ''Tamar,'' Austen was frequently involved in attacks and engagements with gunboats and privateers out of Algeciras. He returned to the ''Endymion'' in April 1800. On one occasion he set off in a small boat in a gale with only four other men, and succeeded in boarding and taking possession of the 18-gun ''Scipio'', with 149 men aboard. He kept control of her until the following day when ''Endymion'' could complete the capture. After his continued good service under Captain Charles Paget, the Admiralty promoted Austen to commander and he took command of the sloop on 10 October 1804.

Command

Austen spent the next five years serving on the North American Station, based at St. George's Town, at the East End of the developing Imperial fortress of Bermuda (where the Royal Naval Dockyard had yet to be completed at the West End), in British North America. He was promoted to Commander and given command of HMS Indian, a sloop newly built in Bermuda (when ashore, he lived at ''Alnwick'', near to Convict Bay and St. George's Garrison). He was promoted to captain on 10 May 1810 when he was given command of the 74-gun , which was then the flagship of Sir John Borlase Warren. Austen moved again the following September, joining . Between November 1811 and September 1814 Austen served as captain of , based at the Nore and flying the flag of Sir Thomas Williams. He was then given command of the 36-gun frigate and after the outbreak of hostilities with France Austen was dispatched in command of a squadron with and to hunt a Neapolitan squadron suspected to be at large in the Adriatic. After Naples had surrendered Austen was active in the blockade of Brindisi. Lord Exmouth then sent him on to search of a French squadron, but with the end of the war with France in the intervening period he briefly turned his attention to suppressing piracy in the region. He successfully captured two pirate vessels in the port of Pavos, but disaster struck when the ''Phoenix'' was wrecked off Smyrna on 20 February 1816, through the ignorance of her pilots.

Austen was appointed to the 46-gun on 2 June 1826, and was sent to the Jamaica station as the second in command. He was active in combating the slave trade and had considerable success, intercepting a number of slave ships bound for the United States and the Spanish colonies of Cuba and Puerto Rico. He commanded the ''Aurora'' for two and a half years, until she was paid off in December 1828. Sir Edward Griffith Colpoys nominated Austen to become his flag captain aboard on the North American and West Indies Station. Austen remained here until being forced to be invalided home after a severe accident in December 1830. Austen recovered and returned to service, being appointed to HMS ''Bellerophon'' on 14 April 1838. He was awarded a pension on 28 August 1840. During the Oriental Crisis of 1840, Britain waged an undeclared war against Mohammed Ali the Great, the ''vali'' (governor) of Egypt who was attempting to make the House of Ali the new ruling family in the Ottoman Empire by deposing the House of Ottoman. He sailed with the ''Bellerophon'' to the Mediterranean, and was active at the bombardment of Acre on 3 November 1840. As a result of his good service during the bombardment he was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath on 18 December 1840. Austen and the ''Bellerophon'' returned home, where the latter was paid off in June 1841.

Flag rank and death

Austen was advanced to rear-admiral on 9 November 1846, and was appointed commander-in-chief in the East Indies and China Station on 14 January 1850, hoisting his flag the following day. He commanded the British expedition during the Second Anglo-Burmese War but died of cholera at Prome on 7 October 1852, at the age of 73. On 30 April 1852 Austen had been thanked for his services in Burma by the Governor-General of India, The Marquess of Dalhousie, who subsequently also formally recorded his regret for Austen's death.

Austen is buried in the Esplanade Cemetery, in Trincomalee, Sri Lanka his grave was rediscovered in 1984/1985.

There is a monument in his honour at the Esplanade burial ground in Trincomalee. There is also a memorial at St. Anne’s Church in Portsmouth for Austen.

Family and issue

Austen married Frances Palmer, the youngest daughter of the late Attorney General of Bermuda, in 1807. The two had three children together. After the death of Frances in 1814, Charles married his late wife's sister Harriet Palmer in 1820, which was at that time contrary to church law and illegal in England, remaining so until the passage of the Deceased Wife's Sister's Marriage Act 1907 . The couple produced four children, two of them sons, and one of whom followed his father into the Navy. Austen was close to his elder sister Jane, and is said to have offered naval vocabulary to help her revise the second edition of ''Mansfield Park''.

Footnotes

Notes

Citations

References

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* Hill, Constance (1902) ''Jane Austen: her homes & her friends''. (John Lane)

External links

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Austen, Charles
1779 births
1852 deaths
Austen family
Royal Navy rear admirals
Companions of the Order of the Bath
Royal Navy personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars
Royal Navy personnel of the Napoleonic Wars
Deaths from cholera
British military personnel of the Second Anglo-Burmese War
People from Steventon, Hampshire
Infectious disease deaths in Myanmar
Royal Navy personnel of the Egyptian–Ottoman War (1839–1841)
Jane Austen