The cosmopolitan

bee Bees are winged insects closely related to wasps and ants, known for their roles in pollination and, in the case of the best-known bee species, the western honey bee, for producing honey. Bees are a monophyletic lineage within the superfamil ...

genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar

carpenter bee Carpenter bees are species in the genus ''Xylocopa'' of the subfamily Xylocopinae. The genus includes some 500 bees in 31 subgenera. The common name "carpenter bee" derives from their nesting behavior; nearly all species burrow into hard plant m ...

s. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 subgenera. They make nests in dead wood, stems, or pith. Although they were considered as mostly solitary in the past, there is growing evidence that many species are facultatively

eusocial Eusociality ( Greek 'good' and social) is the highest level of organization of sociality. It is defined by the following characteristics: cooperative brood care (including care of offspring from other individuals), overlapping generations wit ...

. ''Ceratina'' are commonly dark, shining, even metallic bees, with fairly sparse body hairs and a weak

scopa (; ) is an Italian card game, and one of the three major national card games in Italy, the others being and . It is also popular in Argentina and Brazil, brought in by Italian diaspora, Italian immigrants, mostly in the variation. is also p ...

on the hind tibia. Most species have some yellow markings, most often restricted to the face, but often elsewhere on the body. They are very commonly mistaken for "sweat bees" (family

Halictidae Halictidae is the second-largest family of bees (clade Anthophila) with nearly 4,500 species. They are commonly called sweat bees (especially the smaller species), as they are often attracted to perspiration. Halictid species are an extremely div ...

), due to their small size, metallic coloration, and some similarity in wing venation; they can be easily separated from halictids by the mouthparts (with a long glossa) and the hindwings (with a tiny jugal lobe).Small carpenter bees, ''Ceratina'' spp.
Featured Creatures. University of Florida IFAS. Publication EENY-101, Revised June, 2014.

Behaviour

There can be multiple females in a single nest, where daughters or sisters may form very small, weakly

colonies (where one bee forages and the other remains in the nest and lays eggs). A well-studied facultatively eusocial species is '' Ceratina australensis'', which exhibits all of the pre-adaptations for successful group living. This species is socially polymorphic with both solitary and social nests collected in

sympatry In biology, two closely related species or populations are considered sympatric when they exist in the same geographic area and thus frequently encounter each other. An initially interbreeding population that splits into two or more distinct spe ...

. Social colonies in that species consist of two foundresses, one contributing both foraging and reproductive effort and a second that remains at the nest as a passive guard. Cooperative nesting provides no overt reproductive benefits over solitary nesting in this population, although brood survival tends to be greater in social colonies. Maternal longevity, subsociality and

bivoltine Voltinism is a term used in biology to indicate the number of broods or generations of an organism in a year. The term is most often applied to insects, and is particularly in use in sericulture, where silkworm varieties vary in their voltinism. ...

nesting

phenology Phenology is the study of periodic events in biological life cycles and how these are influenced by seasonal and interannual variations in climate, as well as habitat factors (such as elevation). Examples include the date of emergence of leav ...

in this species favour colony formation, while dispersal habits and offspring longevity may inhibit more frequent social nesting in this and other ceratinines. In ''

Ceratina nigrolabiata The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'', a

Mediterranean The Mediterranean Sea ( ) is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the east by the Levant in West Asia, on the north by Anatolia in West Asia and Southern ...

species, males may guard the opening to the nest of a female they hope to mate with, and are often not the father of the brood within the nest; this is the first bee species in which male nest-guarding has been classified as a form of biparental care, but males guarding nests and mating with females has been documented in other species (e.g., ''

Macrotera portalis ''Macrotera portalis'' is a species of communal, ground nesting, partially bivoltine bees found in arid grasslands and desert regions of North America. An oligolectic bee, ''M. portalis'' gathers pollen only from plants in the genus ''Sphaeralcea ...

''). A few species of ''Ceratina'' are exceptional among bees in that they are

parthenogenetic Parthenogenesis (; from the Greek + ) is a natural form of asexual reproduction in which the embryo develops directly from an egg without need for fertilization. In animals, parthenogenesis means the development of an embryo from an unfertiliz ...

, reproducing without males. Parthenogenetic reproduction was genetically confirmed in '' Ceratina dallatorreana'' and it is presumed also in ''

Ceratina parvula The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' and '' Ceratina dentipes''. Mikát M, Straka J (2023) Genetic evidence for parthenogenesis in the small carpenter bee ''Ceratina dallatoreana'' (Apidae, Ceratinini) in its native distribution range. J Hymenopt Res 95:199–213. https:// doi.org/10.3897/jhr.95.87165 Ceratina nest in fennel 1

Species

* ''

Ceratina acantha ''Ceratina acantha'' is a species of small carpenter bee in the family Apidae. It is found in Central America and North America. These bees nest in dead twigs. References Further reading * External links * acantha Acantha () is ...

'' Provancher, 1895 * ''

Ceratina accusator The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Cockerell, 1919 * ''

Ceratina acuta The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Friese, 1896 * ''

Ceratina aeneiceps The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Friese, 1917 * ''

Ceratina aenescens The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Friese, 1917 * ''

Ceratina aereola The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Vachal, 1903 * ''

Ceratina aetana The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Shiokawa, 2006 * ''

Ceratina ahngeri The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Kokujev, 1905 * ''

Ceratina albopicta The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Cockerell, 1937 * ''

Ceratina albosticta The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Cockerell, 1931 * '' Ceratina alexandrae'' Baker, 2002 * ''

Ceratina aliceae The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Cockerell, 1937 * '' Ceratina allodapoides'' Strand, 1912 * ''

Ceratina aloes The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Cockerell, 1932 * '' Ceratina angulata'' Roig-Alsina, 2013 * '' Ceratina apacheorum'' Daly, 1973 * '' Ceratina apatela'' Engel, 2018 * ''

Ceratina arabiae The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' (Daly, 1983) * '' Ceratina arizonensis'' Cockerell, 1898 * '' Ceratina armata'' Smith, 1854 * '' Ceratina aspera'' Schrottky, 1902 * '' Ceratina asunciana'' Strand, 1910 * '' Ceratina asuncionis'' Strand, 1910 * ''

Ceratina atopura The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Cockerell, 1937 * ''

Ceratina atra The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Friese, 1917 * '' Ceratina atrata'' H. S. Smith, 1907 * '' Ceratina augochloroides'' Ducke, 1911 * ''

Ceratina auriviridis The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' H. S. Smith, 1907 * '' Ceratina australensis'' (Perkins, 1912) * ''

Ceratina azteca The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Cresson, 1878 * ''

Ceratina azurea The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Benoist, 1955 * '' Ceratina ballotae'' Eardley & Daly, 2007 * '' Ceratina barbarae'' Eardley & Daly, 2007 * ''

Ceratina basaltica The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Flórez-Gómez et al., 2022 * '' Ceratina beata'' Cameron, 1897 * '' Ceratina belizensis'' Baker, 1907 * '' Ceratina belliata'' Shiokawa, 2008 * '' Ceratina benguetensis'' Cockerell, 1916 * '' Ceratina bhawani'' Bingham, 1908 * '' Ceratina bicolorata'' Smith, 1879 * '' Ceratina bicuneata'' Cockerell, 1918 * ''

Ceratina bifida The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Friese, 1900 * '' Ceratina biguttulata'' (Moure, 1941) * '' Ceratina bilobata'' Cockerell, 1937 * '' Ceratina binghami'' Cockerell, 1908 * '' Ceratina bispinosa'' Handlirsch, 1889 * ''

Ceratina boninensis The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Yasumatsu, 1955 * '' Ceratina braunsi'' Eardley & Daly, 2007 * '' Ceratina braunsiana'' Friese, 1905 * '' Ceratina breviceps'' Michener, 1954 * '' Ceratina bryanti'' Cockerell, 1919 * '' Ceratina buscki'' Cockerell, 1919 * '' Ceratina calcarata'' Robertson, 1900 * '' Ceratina callosa'' (Fabricius, 1794) * '' Ceratina canaliculata'' Roig-Alsina, 2016 * '' Ceratina canarensis'' Cockerell, 1919 * '' Ceratina capitosa'' Smith, 1879 * '' Ceratina carinifrons'' Baker, 2002 * '' Ceratina catamarcensis'' Schrottky, 1907 * '' Ceratina caveata'' Roig-Alsina, 2013 * ''

Ceratina cavifrons The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Shiokawa, 2006 * '' Ceratina chalcea'' Spinola, 1841 * '' Ceratina chalcites'' Germar, 1839 * ''

Ceratina chalybea The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Chevrier, 1872 * '' Ceratina chiangmaiensis'' Warrit et al., 2012 * ''

Ceratina chinensis The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' (Wu, 1963) * '' Ceratina chloris'' (Fabricius, 1804) * '' Ceratina christellae'' Terzo, 1998 * ''

Ceratina chrysocephala The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Cockerell, 1912 * '' Ceratina chrysomalla'' Gerstäcker, 1869 * '' Ceratina citrinifrons'' Cockerell, 1937 * '' Ceratina citriphila'' Cockerell, 1935 * '' Ceratina cladura'' Cockerell, 1919 * '' Ceratina claripennis'' Friese, 1917 * '' Ceratina cobaltina'' Cresson, 1878 * '' Ceratina cockerelli'' H. S. Smith, 1907 * '' Ceratina cognata'' Smith, 1879 * '' Ceratina collusor'' Cockerell, 1919 * ''

Ceratina combinata The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Friese, 1910 * ''

Ceratina compacta The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Smith, 1879 * '' Ceratina congoensis'' Meunier, 1890 * '' Ceratina coptica'' Baker, 2002 * '' Ceratina corinna'' Nurse, 1904 * '' Ceratina correntina'' Schrottky, 1907 * '' Ceratina cosmiocephala'' Cameron, 1908 * '' Ceratina crassiceps'' Friese, 1925 * '' Ceratina crewi'' Cockerell, 1903 * ''

Ceratina cucurbitina The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' (Rossi, 1792) * '' Ceratina cupreiventris'' Smith, 1879 * '' Ceratina cuprifrons'' Strand, 1910 * '' Ceratina currani'' Schwarz, 1934 * '' Ceratina cyanea'' (Kirby, 1802) * '' Ceratina cyanicollis'' Schrottky, 1902 * '' Ceratina cyaniventris'' Cresson, 1865 * '' Ceratina cyanura'' Cockerell, 1918 * '' Ceratina cypriaca'' Mavromoustakis, 1954 * '' Ceratina dallatorreana'' Friese, 1896 * '' Ceratina dalyi'' Terzo, 1998 * '' Ceratina daressalamica'' Strand, 1912 * '' Ceratina darwini'' Friese, 1910 * '' Ceratina demotica'' Baker, 2002 * '' Ceratina denesi'' Terzo, 1998 * '' Ceratina dentipes'' Friese, 1914 * '' Ceratina dentiventris'' Gerstäcker, 1869 * '' Ceratina diligens'' Smith, 1879 * '' Ceratina diloloensis'' Cockerell, 1932 * '' Ceratina dimidiata'' Friese, 1910 * '' Ceratina diodonta'' H. S. Smith, 1907 * '' Ceratina duckei'' Friese, 1910 * '' Ceratina dupla'' Say, 1837 * '' Ceratina egeria'' Nurse, 1904 * '' Ceratina electron'' Cockerell, 1937 * '' Ceratina elisabethae'' Cockerell, 1937 * '' Ceratina emeiensis'' Wu, 2000 * '' Ceratina ericia'' Vachal, 1903 * '' Ceratina esakii'' Yasumatsu & Hirashima, 1969 * '' Ceratina excavata'' Cockerell, 1937 * '' Ceratina eximia'' Smith, 1862 * ''

Ceratina fastigiata The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Fox, 1896 * ''

Ceratina ferghanica The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Morawitz, 1875 * ''

Ceratina fimbriata The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Roig-Alsina, 2013 * '' Ceratina fioreseana'' Oliveira, 2020 * '' Ceratina flavipes'' Smith, 1879 * ''

Ceratina flavolateralis The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Cockerell, 1916 * '' Ceratina flavopicta'' Smith, 1858 * '' Ceratina floridana'' Mitchell, 1962 * '' Ceratina foveifera'' Strand, 1912 * '' Ceratina fuliginosa'' Cockerell, 1916 * '' Ceratina fulvitarsis'' Friese, 1925 * ''

Ceratina fulvofasciata The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Ducke, 1908 * '' Ceratina fumipennis'' Friese, 1917 * '' Ceratina glossata'' Michener, 1954 * '' Ceratina gnoma'' Eardley & Daly, 2007 * '' Ceratina gomphrenae'' Schrottky, 1909 * ''

Ceratina gossypii The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Schrottky, 1907 * '' Ceratina grandis'' Shiokawa, 2015 * '' Ceratina gravidula'' Gerstäcker, 1869 * '' Ceratina guarnacciana'' Genaro, 1998 * '' Ceratina guineae'' Strand, 1912 * '' Ceratina gurkhana'' Shiokawa, 2008 * '' Ceratina hakkarica'' Kocourek, 1998 * ''

Ceratina haladai The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Terzo & Rasmont, 2004 * '' Ceratina hexae'' Eardley & Daly, 2007 * '' Ceratina hieratica'' Baker, 2002 * ''

Ceratina hieroglyphica ''Ceratina hieroglyphica'', is a species of bee belonging to the family Apidae, subfamily Xylocopinae The subfamily Xylocopinae (family Apidae) occurs worldwide, and includes the large carpenter bees (tribe Xylocopini), the small carpenter b ...

'' Smith, 1854 * ''

Ceratina himalayana The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Shiokawa, 2008 * ''

Ceratina huberi The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Friese, 1910 * '' Ceratina humilior'' Cockerell, 1916 * '' Ceratina hurdi'' Daly, 1973 * '' Ceratina ignara'' Cresson, 1878 * ''

Ceratina immaculata The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Friese, 1910 * '' Ceratina incertula'' Cockerell, 1937 * '' Ceratina incognita'' Bingham, 1898 * '' Ceratina indica'' (Hirashima, 1969) * '' Ceratina indigovirens'' Flórez-Gómez et al., 2022 * '' Ceratina inermis'' Friese, 1905 * '' Ceratina interrupta'' Alfken, 1926 * '' Ceratina itzarum'' Cockerell, 1931 * '' Ceratina iwatai'' Yasumatsu, 1936 * '' Ceratina jacobsoni'' van der Vecht, 1952 * '' Ceratina japonica'' Cockerell, 1911 * '' Ceratina jejuensis'' S. Lee, 2005 * '' Ceratina kankauensis'' Strand, 1913 * '' Ceratina kopili'' Flórez-Gómez et al., 2022 * '' Ceratina kosemponis'' Strand, 1913 * ''

Ceratina kraussi The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Michener, 1954 * '' Ceratina labrosa'' Friese, 1905 * '' Ceratina laevifrons'' Morawitz, 1895 * '' Ceratina laeviuscula'' Wu, 1963 * '' Ceratina langenburgiae'' Strand, 1912 * ''

Ceratina langi The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Cockerell, 1934 * ''

Ceratina latisetis The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Roig-Alsina, 2013 * '' Ceratina lativentris'' Friese, 1905 * '' Ceratina lehmanni'' Friese, 1910 * ''

Ceratina lepida The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Smith, 1879 * '' Ceratina liberica'' Cockerell, 1937 * '' Ceratina lieftincki'' van der Vecht, 1952 * '' Ceratina liliputana'' Cockerell, 1932 * '' Ceratina lineola'' Vachal, 1903 * '' Ceratina litoraria'' van der Vecht, 1952 * '' Ceratina loa'' Strand, 1912 * '' Ceratina loewi'' Gerstäcker, 1869 * ''

Ceratina longiceps The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Smith, 1879 * '' Ceratina loquata'' Nurse, 1902 * '' Ceratina lucidula'' Smith, 1854 * ''

Ceratina lucifera The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Cockerell, 1934 * '' Ceratina ludwigsi'' Strand, 1914 * '' Ceratina lunata'' Friese, 1905 * '' Ceratina maai'' Shiokawa & Hirashima, 1982 * ''

Ceratina macondiana The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Flórez-Gómez & Griswold, 2020 * '' Ceratina maculifrons'' Smith, 1854 * '' Ceratina madecassa'' Friese, 1900 * ''

Ceratina maghrebensis The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Daly, 1983 * '' Ceratina malindiae'' (Daly, 1988) * '' Ceratina mandibularis'' Friese, 1896 * '' Ceratina manni'' Cockerell, 1912 * '' Ceratina marginata'' Baker, 1907 * '' Ceratina mariannensis'' Yasumatsu, 1939 * ''

Ceratina mauritanica The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Lepeletier, 1841 * '' Ceratina megastigmata'' Yasumatsu & Hirashima, 1969 * '' Ceratina melanochroa'' (Moure, 1941) * '' Ceratina melanoptera'' Cockerell, 1924 * '' Ceratina mendozina'' Roig-Alsina, 2016 * '' Ceratina metaria'' Cockerell, 1920 * '' Ceratina mexicana'' Cresson, 1878 * '' Ceratina micheneri'' Daly, 1973 * '' Ceratina mikmaqi'' Rehan & Sheffield, 2011 * ''

Ceratina minima The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Friese, 1909 * '' Ceratina minuta'' Friese, 1905 * ''

Ceratina mocsaryi The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Friese, 1896 * '' Ceratina moderata'' Cameron, 1897 * ''

Ceratina moerenhouti The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Vachal, 1903 * ''

Ceratina monstrata The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Sung & Shiokawa, 2012 * '' Ceratina montana'' Holmberg, 1886 * '' Ceratina morawitzi'' Sickmann, 1894 * '' Ceratina moricei'' Friese, 1899 * '' Ceratina morrensis'' Strand, 1910 * '' Ceratina muelleri'' Friese, 1910 * '' Ceratina muscatella'' Nurse, 1902 * '' Ceratina namibensis'' Eardley & Daly, 2007 * '' Ceratina nanula'' Cockerell, 1897 * ''

Ceratina nasalis The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Friese, 1905 * '' Ceratina nasiinsignita'' Strand, 1912 * '' Ceratina nativitatis'' Cockerell, 1937 * ''

Ceratina nautlana The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Cockerell, 1897 * '' Ceratina neocallosa'' Daly, 1983 * ''

Ceratina neomexicana The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Cockerell, 1901 * '' Ceratina nigra'' Handlirsch, 1889 * '' Ceratina nigriceps'' Friese, 1905 * '' Ceratina nigrita'' Ashmead, 1900 * ''

Ceratina nigritula The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Michener, 1954 * '' Ceratina nigroaenea'' Gerstäcker, 1869 * ''

'' Friese, 1896 * '' Ceratina nigrolateralis'' Cockerell, 1916 * '' Ceratina nilotica'' Cockerell, 1937 * '' Ceratina nitidella'' Cockerell, 1937 * '' Ceratina nitidifrons'' Roig-Alsina, 2016 * '' Ceratina nyassensis'' Strand, 1912 * '' Ceratina obtusicauda'' Cockerell, 1919 * '' Ceratina okinawana'' Matsumura & Uchida, 1926 * '' Ceratina opaca'' Friese, 1905 * '' Ceratina opipara'' Shiokawa, 2015 * ''

Ceratina oxalidis The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Schrottky, 1907 * '' Ceratina pacifica'' H. S. Smith, 1907 * '' Ceratina pacis'' Cockerell, 1937 * ''

Ceratina palauensis The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Yasumatsu, 1939 * '' Ceratina papuana'' van der Vecht, 1952 * '' Ceratina paraguayensis'' Schrottky, 1907 * ''

'' Smith, 1854 * ''

Ceratina paulyi The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' (Daly, 1988) * '' Ceratina pembana'' Cockerell, 1935 * ''

Ceratina penicillata The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Friese, 1905 * '' Ceratina penicilligera'' Strand, 1912 * '' Ceratina perforatrix'' Smith, 1879 * '' Ceratina perpolita'' Cockerell, 1937 * ''

Ceratina personata The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Friese, 1905 * ''

Ceratina picta ''Ceratina picta'', also known as ''Ceratina (Xanthoceratina) picta'', is a species of bee belonging to the family Apidae subfamily Xylocopinae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka. References External links * http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Cerat ...

'' Smith, 1854 * '' Ceratina pictifrons'' Smith, 1861 * '' Ceratina piracicabana'' Schrottky, 1911 * '' Ceratina placida'' Smith, 1862 * ''

Ceratina polita The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Friese, 1902 * '' Ceratina politifrons'' Cockerell, 1937 * '' Ceratina politula'' Shiokawa, 2006 * '' Ceratina popovi'' Wu, 1963 * ''

Ceratina propinqua The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Cameron, 1897 * '' Ceratina psaenythia'' Engel, 2018 * '' Ceratina pubescens'' Smith, 1879 * '' Ceratina pulchripes'' Shiokawa, 2002 * ''

Ceratina punctaticeps The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Van der Vecht, 1953 * ''

Ceratina punctigena The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Cockerell, 1916 * '' Ceratina punctiventris'' Friese, 1910 * ''

Ceratina punctulata The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Spinola, 1841 * '' Ceratina pusilla'' Roig-Alsina, 2016 * ''

Ceratina quadripunctata The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Wu, 2000 * '' Ceratina quinquemaculata'' Cockerell, 1912 * '' Ceratina raquelitae'' Flórez-Gómez & Ayala, 2022 * '' Ceratina rasmonti'' Terzo, 1998 * '' Ceratina rectangulifera'' Schwarz & Michener, 1954 * '' Ceratina regalis'' Cockerell, 1912 * '' Ceratina rehanae'' Flórez-Gómez & Ayala, 2022 * '' Ceratina rhodura'' Cockerell, 1937 * ''

Ceratina richardsoniae The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Schrottky, 1909 * '' Ceratina ridleyi'' Cockerell, 1910 * ''

Ceratina roseoviridis The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Cockerell, 1937 * '' Ceratina rossi'' (Daly, 1988) * '' Ceratina rothschildiana'' Vachal, 1909 * '' Ceratina rotundiceps'' Smith, 1879 * '' Ceratina rufigastra'' Cockerell, 1937 * ''

Ceratina rufipes The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Smith, 1879 * '' Ceratina rugifrons'' Smith, 1879 * '' Ceratina rugosissima'' Cockerell, 1932 * '' Ceratina rukaina'' Sung & Shiokawa, 2012 * '' Ceratina rupestris'' Holmberg, 1884 * '' Ceratina ruwenzorica'' Cockerell, 1937 * '' Ceratina sakagamii'' Terzo, 1998 * ''

Ceratina sakagamina The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Shiokawa, 2015 * '' Ceratina samburuensis'' Cockerell, 1910 * ''

Ceratina sapphira The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Flórez-Gómez & Ayala, 2022 * '' Ceratina satoi'' Yasumatsu, 1936 * '' Ceratina saundersi'' Daly, 1983 * '' Ceratina sauteri'' Strand, 1913 * '' Ceratina schwarzi'' Kocourek, 1998 * '' Ceratina schwarziana'' Terzo, 1998 * ''

Ceratina sclerops The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Schrottky, 1907 * '' Ceratina sculpturata'' Smith, 1858 * '' Ceratina seikii'' Sung & Shiokawa, 2012 * '' Ceratina senegalensis'' Strand, 1912 * '' Ceratina sequoiae'' Michener, 1936 * '' Ceratina sericea'' Friese, 1910 * ''

Ceratina shinnersi The cosmopolitan bee genus ''Ceratina'', often referred to as small carpenter bees, is the sole lineage of the tribe Ceratinini, and is not closely related to the more familiar carpenter bees. The genus presently contains over 300 species in 23 s ...

'' Daly, 1973 * ''Ceratina silvicola'' Shiokawa, 2015 * ''Ceratina simillima'' Smith, 1854 * ''Ceratina smaragdula'' (Fabricius, 1787) * ''Ceratina spectata'' Shiokawa, 2015 * ''Ceratina speculifrons'' Cockerell, 1920 * ''Ceratina speculina'' Cockerell, 1937 * ''Ceratina spilota'' Cockerell, 1932 * ''Ceratina spinipes'' Shiokawa, 2009 * ''Ceratina splendida'' Shiokawa, 2008 * ''Ceratina stilbonota'' Moure, 1941 * ''Ceratina strenua'' Smith, 1879 * ''Ceratina stuckenbergi'' Eardley & Daly, 2007 * ''Ceratina subcarinata'' Roig-Alsina, 2013 * ''Ceratina subquadrata'' Smith, 1854 * ''Ceratina subscintilla'' Cockerell, 1937 * ''Ceratina sutepensis'' Cockerell, 1929 * ''Ceratina tabescens'' Cockerell, 1912 * ''Ceratina taborae'' Strand, 1912 * ''Ceratina takasagona'' Shiokawa & Hirashima, 1982 * ''Ceratina takeshii'' Shiokawa, 2008 * ''Ceratina tanganyicensis'' Strand, 1911 * ''Ceratina tanoi'' Shiokawa, 2010 * ''Ceratina tantilla'' (Moure, 1941) * ''Ceratina tarsata'' Morawitz, 1872 * ''Ceratina tawangensis''Ghosh, Jobiraj, Subramanian, 2023 * ''Ceratina tejonensis'' Cresson, 1864 * ''Ceratina tenkeana'' Cockerell, 1937 * ''Ceratina tepetlana'' Flórez-Gómez et al., 2022 * ''Ceratina teunisseni'' Terzo & Rasmont, 1997 * ''Ceratina texana'' Daly, 1973 * ''Ceratina tibialis'' Morawitz, 1895 * ''Ceratina timberlakei'' Daly, 1973 * ''Ceratina titusi'' Cockerell, 1903 * ''Ceratina triangulifera'' Cockerell, 1914 * ''Ceratina tricolor'' Michener, 1954 * ''Ceratina trimaculata'' Friese, 1917 * ''Ceratina tropica'' Crawford, 1910 * ''Ceratina truncata'' Friese, 1905 * ''Ceratina tucumana'' Roig-Alsina, 2013 * ''Ceratina turgida'' (Moure, 1941) * ''Ceratina umbricosta'' Roig-Alsina, 2013 * ''Ceratina unicolor'' Friese, 1911 * ''Ceratina unimaculata'' Smith, 1879 * ''Ceratina velthuisi'' Terzo & Rasmont, 2001 * ''Ceratina verhoeffi'' Terzo & Rasmont, 1997 * ''Ceratina vernoniae'' Schrottky, 1920 * ''Ceratina virescens'' Friese, 1910 * ''Ceratina viridicincta'' Cockerell, 1931 * ''Ceratina viridifrons'' Cockerell, 1934 * ''Ceratina viridis'' Guérin-Méneville, 1844 * ''Ceratina volitans'' Schrottky, 1907 * ''Ceratina wagneri'' Friese, 1910 * ''Ceratina waini'' (Shiokawa & Sakagami, 1969) * ''Ceratina warnckei'' Terzo, 1998 * ''Ceratina whiteheadi'' Eardley & Daly, 2007 * ''Ceratina xanthocera'' (Moure, 1941) * ''Ceratina xanthostoma'' Cockerell, 1912 * ''Ceratina yamanei'' Sung & Shiokawa, 2012 * ''Ceratina yasumatsui'' Hirashima, 1971 * ''Ceratina yonagunensis'' Shiokawa, 2011 * ''Ceratina yucatanica'' Cockerell, 1931 * ''Ceratina zandeni'' Terzo, 1998 * ''Ceratina zeteki'' Cockerell, 1934 * ''Ceratina zwakhalsi'' Terzo & Rasmont, 1997 * extinct, † ''Ceratina disrupta'' (Cockerell 1906)

References

External links

Guide to the ''Ceratina'' of Eastern North America.
USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center. {{Taxonbar, from=Q1938968 Ceratina, Bee genera