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Macrotera Portalis
''Macrotera portalis'' is a species of communal, ground nesting, partially bivoltine bees found in arid grasslands and desert regions of North America. An oligolectic bee, ''M. portalis'' gathers pollen only from plants in the genus '' Sphaeralcea'' and has patterns of seasonal emergence to survive the harsh conditions of the desert, with emergence delayed until monsoon rains arrive. Taxonomy and phylogenetics ''Macrotera portalis'' is in the order Hymenoptera, family Andrenidae, genus '' Macrotera''. This species was formerly in ''Perdita'', a very large genusTimberlake"Taxonomy" ‘’Taxonomy Details for ''Perdita portalis''’’, Retrieved on 15 October 2015. that now contains around 600 species of bees which are located primarily in northern Mexico and the arid southwestern United States. Around 30 species removed from ''Perdita'' were placed in the genus ''Macrotera''. Description and identification ''Macrotera portalis'' is a small (~7 mm), dark bee species. Li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bivoltine
Voltinism is a term used in biology to indicate the number of broods or generations of an organism in a year. The term is most often applied to insects, and is particularly in use in sericulture, where silkworm varieties vary in their voltinism. * Univoltine (monovoltine) – (adjective) referring to organisms having one brood or generation per year * Bivoltine (divoltine) – (adjective) referring to organisms having two broods or generations per year *Trivoltine – (adjective) referring to organisms having three broods or generations per year * Multivoltine (polyvoltine) – (adjective) referring to organisms having more than two broods or generations per year * Semivoltine – There are two meanings: :* (''biology'') Less than univoltine; having a brood or generation less often than once per year :* or (adjective) referring to organisms whose generation time is more than one year. Examples The speckled wood butterfly is univoltine in the northern part of its range, e.g. nort ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oviposition
The ovipositor is a tube-like organ used by some animals, especially insects, for the laying of eggs. In insects, an ovipositor consists of a maximum of three pairs of appendages. The details and morphology of the ovipositor vary, but typically its form is adapted to functions such as preparing a place for the egg, transmitting the egg, and then placing it properly. For most insects, the organ is used merely to attach the egg to some surface, but for many parasitic species (primarily in wasps and other Hymenoptera), it is a piercing organ as well. Some ovipositors only retract partly when not in use, and the basal part that sticks out is known as the scape, or more specifically oviscape, the word ''scape'' deriving from the Latin word '' scāpus'', meaning "stalk" or "shaft". In insects Grasshoppers use their ovipositors to force a burrow into the earth to receive the eggs. Cicadas pierce the wood of twigs with their ovipositors to insert the eggs. Sawflies slit th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bees
Bees are winged insects closely related to wasps and ants, known for their roles in pollination and, in the case of the best-known bee species, the western honey bee, for producing honey. Bees are a monophyletic lineage within the superfamily Apoidea. They are presently considered a clade, called Anthophila. There are over 16,000 known species of bees in seven recognized biological families. Some speciesincluding honey bees, bumblebees, and stingless beeslive socially in colonies while most species (>90%)including mason bees, carpenter bees, leafcutter bees, and sweat beesare solitary. Bees are found on every continent except Antarctica, in every habitat on the planet that contains insect-pollinated flowering plants. The most common bees in the Northern Hemisphere are the Halictidae, or sweat bees, but they are small and often mistaken for wasps or flies. Bees range in size from tiny stingless bee species, whose workers are less than long, to '' Megachile pluto'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pharate
A pupa ( la, pupa, "doll"; plural: ''pupae'') is the life stage of some insects undergoing transformation between immature and mature stages. Insects that go through a pupal stage are holometabolous: they go through four distinct stages in their life cycle, the stages thereof being egg, larva, pupa, and imago. The processes of entering and completing the pupal stage are controlled by the insect's hormones, especially juvenile hormone, prothoracicotropic hormone, and ecdysone. The act of becoming a pupa is called pupation, and the act of emerging from the pupal case is called eclosion or emergence. The pupae of different groups of insects have different names such as ''chrysalis'' for the pupae of butterflies and ''tumbler'' for those of the mosquito family. Pupae may further be enclosed in other structures such as cocoons, nests, or shells. Position in life cycle The pupal stage follows the larval stage and precedes adulthood (''imago'') in insects with complete metamorphosi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bivoltinism
Voltinism is a term used in biology to indicate the number of broods or generations of an organism in a year. The term is most often applied to insects, and is particularly in use in sericulture, where silkworm varieties vary in their voltinism. * Univoltine (monovoltine) – (adjective) referring to organisms having one brood or generation per year * Bivoltine (divoltine) – (adjective) referring to organisms having two broods or generations per year *Trivoltine – (adjective) referring to organisms having three broods or generations per year * Multivoltine (polyvoltine) – (adjective) referring to organisms having more than two broods or generations per year * Semivoltine – There are two meanings: :* (''biology'') Less than univoltine; having a brood or generation less often than once per year :* or (adjective) referring to organisms whose generation time is more than one year. Examples The speckled wood butterfly is univoltine in the northern part of its range, e.g. nort ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudomethoca Toumeyi
''Pseudomethoca'' is a genus of velvet ants in the family Mutillidae. There are at least 20 described species in ''Pseudomethoca''. Species These 24 species belong to the genus ''Pseudomethoca'': * '' Pseudomethoca anthracina'' * '' Pseudomethoca athamas'' * ''Pseudomethoca bequaerti'' (striped velvet ant) * '' Pseudomethoca brazoria'' * '' Pseudomethoca contumax'' * ''Pseudomethoca diligibilis'' Mickel, 1952 * ''Pseudomethoca donaeanae'' * ''Pseudomethoca flammigera'' * ''Pseudomethoca frigida'' * '' Pseudomethoca oceola'' * ''Pseudomethoca oculata'' * ''Pseudomethoca paludata'' * ''Pseudomethoca pergrata'' Cresson, 1902 * ''Pseudomethoca plagiata'' (Gerstäcker, 1874) * ''Pseudomethoca praeclara'' * ''Pseudomethoca propinqua'' (Cresson, 1865) * ''Pseudomethoca puchella'' Mickel, 1952 * ''Pseudomethoca pumila'' Burmeister, 1855 * ''Pseudomethoca quadrinotata'' * ''Pseudomethoca sanbornii'' * ''Pseudomethoca simillima'' (Smith, 1855) * ''Pseudomethoca torrida'' Krombein, 1954 * ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudomethoca
''Pseudomethoca'' is a genus of velvet ants in the family Mutillidae. There are at least 20 described species in ''Pseudomethoca''. Species These 24 species belong to the genus ''Pseudomethoca'': * '' Pseudomethoca anthracina'' * '' Pseudomethoca athamas'' * '' Pseudomethoca bequaerti'' (striped velvet ant) * '' Pseudomethoca brazoria'' * '' Pseudomethoca contumax'' * '' Pseudomethoca diligibilis'' Mickel, 1952 * '' Pseudomethoca donaeanae'' * '' Pseudomethoca flammigera'' * ''Pseudomethoca frigida'' * '' Pseudomethoca oceola'' * ''Pseudomethoca oculata'' * ''Pseudomethoca paludata'' * ''Pseudomethoca pergrata'' Cresson, 1902 * ''Pseudomethoca plagiata'' (Gerstäcker, 1874) * ''Pseudomethoca praeclara'' * ''Pseudomethoca propinqua'' (Cresson, 1865) * ''Pseudomethoca puchella'' Mickel, 1952 * ''Pseudomethoca pumila'' Burmeister, 1855 * ''Pseudomethoca quadrinotata'' * ''Pseudomethoca sanbornii'' * ''Pseudomethoca simillima'' (Smith, 1855) * ''Pseudomethoca torrida'' Krombein, 195 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mutillidae
The Mutillidae are a family of more than 7,000 species of wasps whose wingless females resemble large, hairy ants. Their common name velvet ant refers to their dense pile of hair, which most often is bright scarlet or orange, but may also be black, white, silver, or gold. Their bright colors serve as aposematic signals. They are known for their extremely painful stings, (the sting of the species '' Dasymutilla klugii'' rated a 3 on the Schmidt pain index and lasts up to 30 minutes), and has resulted in the common name "cow killer" or "cow ant" being applied to the species ''Dasymutilla occidentalis.'' However, mutillids are not aggressive and sting only in defense. In addition, the actual toxicity of their venom is much lower than that of honey bees or harvester ants. Unlike true ants, they are solitary, and lack complex social systems. Distribution Mutillidae can be found worldwide with about 230 genera or subgenera and around 8,000 species worldwide. Over 400 species ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solenopsis Molesta
''Solenopsis molesta'' is the best known species of '' Solenopsis'' thief ants. They get their names from their habit of nesting close to other ant nests, from which they steal food. They are also called grease ants because they are attracted to grease. Nuptial flight in this species occur from late July through early fall. Appearance ''S. molesta'' range anywhere from 1/32 of an inch (0.5 mm) to 1/8 of an inch (3 mm) long. Queens in this species measure at just over 5mm in length and range from a yellow to a light brown color. Workers are yellow and occasionally pale brown in appearance. They have very small eyes and are covered in erect and sub-erect yellow hairs. These ants have a two-segmented petiole (a petiole and postpetiole) connecting their abdomen to the thorax. They have 10 segments in their antennae, which end in large segmented clubs. Thief ants possess small stingers on their oblong abdomens. Worker ants have large jaws for carrying food, usually other ant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meloidae
Blister beetles are beetles of the family Meloidae, so called for their defensive secretion of a blistering agent, cantharidin. About 7,500 species are known worldwide. Many are conspicuous and some are aposematically colored, announcing their toxicity to would-be predators. Description Blister beetles are hypermetamorphic, going through several larval stages, the first of which is typically a mobile triungulin. The larvae are insectivorous, mainly attacking bees, though a few feed on grasshopper eggs. While sometimes considered parasitoids, in general, the meloid larva apparently consumes the immature host along with its provisions, and can often survive on the provisions alone; thus it is not an obligatory parasitoid, but rather a facultative parasitoid, or simply a kleptoparasite. The adults sometimes feed on flowers and leaves of plants of such diverse families as the Amaranthaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Solanaceae. Cantharidin, a poisonous chemical that causes b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communality
Sense of community (or psychological sense of community) is a concept in community psychology, social psychology, and community social work, as well as in several other research disciplines, such as urban sociology, which focuses on the ''experience'' of community rather than its structure, formation, setting, or other features. The latter is the province of public administration or community services administration which needs to understand how structures influence this feeling and psychological sense of community. Sociologists, social psychologists, anthropologists, and others have theorized about and carried out empirical research on community, but the psychological approach asks questions about the individual's perception, understanding, attitudes, feelings, etc. about community and his or her relationship to it and to others' participation—indeed to the complete, multifaceted community experience. In his seminal 1974 book, psychologist Seymour B. Sarason proposed that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
