The Charmier-Dupuy 10 was a French parasol-winged single seat light aircraft designed for low-cost flying. The sole example was first flown in 1924. Over a long career, it was fitted with three different engines and remained on the French register until after

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

Design

In the early 1920s there was considerable interest in both France and the UK in small single seat aircraft, designed to be cheap to buy and run and thus increase the civil light aircraft market. In France these were often referred to as avionettes; the Carmier avionette, which later was later named the Carmier-Depuy 10 or Carmier T.10 was one example at the high powered end of the range. Charles Carmier was helped in its design by Dupuy and in its construction by an experienced pilot, Chalambel. The Carmier was a

parasol monoplane A monoplane is a fixed-wing aircraft configuration with a single mainplane, in contrast to a biplane or other types of multiplanes, which have multiple wings. A monoplane has inherently the highest efficiency and lowest drag of any wing config ...

, with a two-part rectangular plan wing braced to the lower

fuselage The fuselage (; from the French language, French ''fuselé'' "spindle-shaped") is an aircraft's main body section. It holds Aircrew, crew, passengers, or cargo. In single-engine aircraft, it will usually contain an Aircraft engine, engine as wel ...

by pairs of parallel struts out to the

spruce A spruce is a tree of the genus ''Picea'' ( ), a genus of about 40 species of coniferous evergreen trees in the family Pinaceae, found in the northern temperate and boreal ecosystem, boreal (taiga) regions of the Northern hemisphere. ''Picea'' ...

wing spars at about 40% span. They were thick in section, with a thickness/ chord ratio of 18%, and strongly cambered. The wings were

plywood Plywood is a composite material manufactured from thin layers, or "plies", of wood veneer that have been stacked and glued together. It is an engineered wood from the family of manufactured boards, which include plywood, medium-density fibreboa ...

covered and carried full span, narrow

ailerons An aileron (French for "little wing" or "fin") is a hinged flight control surface usually forming part of the trailing edge of each wing of a fixed-wing aircraft. Ailerons are used in pairs to control the aircraft in roll (or movement around ...

which could operate together as

flap Flap may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media * ''Flap'' (film), a 1970 American film * Flap, a boss character in the arcade game '' Gaiapolis'' * Flap, a minor character in the film '' Little Nemo: Adventures in Slumberland'' Biology and h ...

s or conventionally. The fuselage was built around four wooden

longerons In engineering, a longeron or stringer is a load-bearing component of a framework. The term is commonly used in connection with aircraft fuselages and automobile chassis. Longerons are used in conjunction with stringers to form structural frame ...

, though frames and stringers formed a circular cross-section. The covering was in

duralumin Duralumin (also called duraluminum, duraluminium, duralum, dural(l)ium, or dural) is a trade name for one of the earliest types of age hardening, age-hardenable aluminium–copper alloys. The term is a combination of ''Düren'' and ''aluminium'' ...

at the nose and tail, with

fabric Textile is an umbrella term that includes various fiber-based materials, including fibers, yarns, filaments, threads, and different types of fabric. At first, the word "textiles" only referred to woven fabrics. However, weaving is no ...

in the central,

cockpit A cockpit or flight deck is the area, on the front part of an aircraft, spacecraft, or submersible, from which a pilot controls the vehicle. The cockpit of an aircraft contains flight instruments on an instrument panel, and the controls th ...

region. The Carmier was initially powered by a three-cylinder,

Anzani Anzani was an engine manufacturer founded by the Italian Alessandro Anzani (1877–1956), which produced proprietary engines for aircraft, cars, boats, and motorcycles in factories in Britain, France and Italy. Overview From his native Italy, ...

radial engine The radial engine is a reciprocating engine, reciprocating type internal combustion engine, internal combustion engine configuration in which the cylinder (engine), cylinders "radiate" outward from a central crankcase like the spokes of a wheel. ...

dating from 1911. The open cockpit was under the

trailing edge The trailing edge of an aerodynamic surface such as a wing is its rear edge, where the airflow separated by the leading edge meets.Crane, Dale: ''Dictionary of Aeronautical Terms, third edition'', page 521. Aviation Supplies & Academics, 1997. ...

of the wing, where there was a cut-out to improve upward visibility, and had a long streamlined headrest which topped the fuselage as it tapered strongly to the tail. Mounted at mid-fuselage height, the horizontal tail was all-moving and rectangular in plan apart from a large cut-out for rudder movement. The

fin A fin is a thin component or appendage attached to a larger body or structure. Fins typically function as foils that produce lift or thrust, or provide the ability to steer or stabilize motion while traveling in water, air, or other fluids. F ...

was triangular, with a tall, round tipped, parallel-sided

rudder A rudder is a primary control surface used to steer a ship, boat, submarine, hovercraft, airship, or other vehicle that moves through a fluid medium (usually air or water). On an airplane, the rudder is used primarily to counter adverse yaw ...

which extended well below the fuselage underside. The Carmier had fixed, conventional

landing gear Landing gear is the undercarriage of an aircraft or spacecraft that is used for taxiing, takeoff or landing. For aircraft, it is generally needed for all three of these. It was also formerly called ''alighting gear'' by some manufacturers, s ...

, with its mainwheels on a single axle mounted via rubber

shock absorbers A shock absorber or damper is a mechanical or hydraulic device designed to absorb and damp shock impulses. It does this by converting the kinetic energy of the shock into another form of energy (typically heat) which is then dissipated. Most sho ...

to a pair of cross-braced tube steel V-struts from the lower fuselage. A long tailskid from the fuselage underside was fixed to a lower extension of the rudder hinge, protecting the otherwise-vulnerable rudder.

Operational history

The date of the Carmier's first flight is not known but early development was proceeding in June 1924 at

Orly Orly () is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, Île-de-France. It is located from the center of Paris. The name of Orly came from Latin ''Aureliacum'', "the villa of Aurelius". Orly Airport partially lies on the territory of the c ...

, flown by Paul Carmier, the designer's brother. It was registered as ''F-EESF''. Despite the initial use of a propeller that was not ideally matched to the Anzani engine, it readily climbed to and speeds above appear to have been reached. The Carmier's first competitive event was the ''Tour de France des avionettes'', held in August 1924, for which it was fitted with a larger two litre (120 cubic inch), Anzani with a Levasseur propeller. Piloted by Paul Carmier, it was one of only three of fifteen entrants to qualify for the final, three stage event and won the first stage. Carmier was forced to drop out in the second stage by a broken oil pipe. Two years later, in June 1926, it was flying at Orly in a Civil Pilot's Union event with the same 45 hp engine. A further ten years later, after a period without notable public appearances, it was a contestant in the annual ''12 heures d'Angers'' event in the under two litre category, powered by a 1.08 litre (648 cu in)

Ava 4A Ava or AVA may refer to: Places Asia and Oceania * Ava Kingdom, in upper Burma from 1364 to 1555 ** Inwa, formerly Ava, the capital of Ava Kingdom ** Earl of Ava, a British colonial earldom in Burma * Ava, Iran, Gilan Province, a village * Iv ...

flat-four engine A flat-four engine, also known as a horizontally opposed-four engine or boxer engine, is a four-cylinder piston engine with two banks of cylinders lying on opposite sides of a common crankshaft. The most common type of flat-four engine is the box ...

. It did not finish amongst the winners. In 1936 its engine was changed for the last time, when a Train 4T four-cylinder, inverted, air-cooled inline engine was installed. The Carmier survived

and was briefly on the French prototypes register as ''F-WBBG''.

Specifications (T-10 - Train 4A)

References

{{reflist, 2, refs= {{cite book , title=Les Avions Français de 1944 à 1964, last=Gaillard, first=Pierre, year=1990, publisher=Éditions EPA, location=Paris, isbn=2 85120 350 9, pages=41 {{cite journal, date=7 August 1924 , title=The French ''Tour de France des Aviettes'', journal=

Flight Flight or flying is the motion (physics), motion of an Physical object, object through an atmosphere, or through the vacuum of Outer space, space, without contacting any planetary surface. This can be achieved by generating aerodynamic lift ass ...

, volume=XVI , issue=1438 , pages=502 , url= https://www.Flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1924/1924%20-%200502.html {{cite journal, date=16 July 1936 , title=The Six Hours of Angers , journal=

, volume=XX , issue=33 , pages=100 , url= https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1936/1936%20-%202007.html {{cite journal , last=Frachet , first=André , date=26 June 1924, title=L'avionnette Pierre Carmier , journal=Les Ailes, issue=158 , pages=2 , url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6556104n/f2 {{cite journal , date=3 June 1926, title=A Orly, la fête de l'U.P.C. a eu lieu dimanche, journal=Les Ailes, issue=259 , pages=2 , url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k65682912/f2 {{cite journal , date=17 July 1936, title=Picture caption, journal=Les Ailes, issue=787 , pages=11 , url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6555227p/f11 {{cite journal , date=10 September 1936, title=Picture caption, journal=Les Ailes, issue=795 , pages=11 , url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k65552357/f14 {{cite journal , date=3 July 1936, title=La liste des engagés, journal=L'Aéro, issue=1466 , pages=5 , url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5713086d/f5 {{cite web , url=https://www.aviafrance.com/aviafrance1.php?ID=9968&ID_CONSTRUCTEUR=1502&ANNEE=0&ID_MISSION=0&MOTCLEF=, title=Carmier Dupouy T.10 , author=Bruno Parmentier , date=11 October 2005 , access-date=25 February 2005 Parasol-wing aircraft 1920s French sport aircraft Aircraft first flown in 1924 Single-engined tractor aircraft