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The Carmes Prison (French - ''prison des Carmes'') was a prison of the
The Civil Constitution of the Clergy was adopted on 12 July 1790, setting up a new system for electing priests and bishops and allowing a death sentence against any priests who refused to comply. 126 of 130 bishops and 100,000 out of 130,000 priests refused to swear to it and so on 27 May 1792 a decree of the Legislative Assembly ordered them to be deported.
The monastery's household silver and library were seized and the community was forced to leave the monastery building, which was turned into a prison. 188 priests and three bishops were massacred in particularly violent conditions under commissioner
Account of the Carmes massacre by abbé Berthelet de Barbot
{{DEFAULTSORT:Carmes, Prison des Religion and the French Revolution Prisons in Paris Persecution of Catholics
French Revolution
The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799. Many of its ideas are conside ...
. It was set up in what had been the Carmes Monastery in Paris
Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. ...
. It formed a vast enclosure bounded by rue du Regard, rue du Cherche-Midi and rue Cassette
''Ruta graveolens'', commonly known as rue, common rue or herb-of-grace, is a species of ''Ruta'' grown as an ornamental plant and herb. It is native to the Balkan Peninsula. It is grown throughout the world in gardens, especially for its bluis ...
- it was also bordered to the south by rue de Vaugirard
The Rue de Vaugirard (Street of Vaugirard) is the longest street inside Paris's former city walls, at . It spans the 6th and 15th arrondissements. The Senate, housed in the Palais du Luxembourg, is at 15 Rue de Vaugirard.
Location
The Rue de Vau ...
. It was the site of one of the September Massacres
The September Massacres were a series of killings of prisoners in Paris that occurred in 1792, from Sunday, 2 September until Thursday, 6 September, during the French Revolution. Between 1,176 and 1,614 people were killed by '' fédérés'', g ...
in 1792 and features in the 1927 film ''Napoléon
Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who ...
''.
September Martyrs
History
The Civil Constitution of the Clergy was adopted on 12 July 1790, setting up a new system for electing priests and bishops and allowing a death sentence against any priests who refused to comply. 126 of 130 bishops and 100,000 out of 130,000 priests refused to swear to it and so on 27 May 1792 a decree of the Legislative Assembly ordered them to be deported.
The monastery's household silver and library were seized and the community was forced to leave the monastery building, which was turned into a prison. 188 priests and three bishops were massacred in particularly violent conditions under commissioner Stanislas-Marie Maillard
Stanislas-Marie Maillard (11 December 1763 – 11 April 1794) was a captain of the Bastille Volunteers. As a national guardsman, he participated in the attack on the Bastille, being the first revolutionary to get into the fortress, and also accom ...
, who executed orders from the surveillance committee. At the Abbaye Prison
The Prison de l’Abbaye was a Paris prison in use from 1522 to 1854. The final building was built by Christophe Gamard in 1631 and made up of three floors, flanked by two turrets (or more exactly, ''échauguettes''). It was the scene of a porti ...
the violence lasted until the end of the morning of 4 September, with 21 priests and 151 others killed out of a total of 29 priests and 209 other prisoners - at Carmes it only ended at 6pm, with 116 killed out of between 162 and 172 prisoners. All the monks who refused to take the oath before the tribunal at the prison were bayoneted or impaled on pikes on the threshold. The massacre at Carmes lasted all night..
Jean Marie du Lau d'Allemans
Jean-Marie du Lau d'Allemans (30 October 1738, Biras – 2 September 1792, Paris) was the last Archbishop of Arles, and was one of the Catholic Martyrs of September 1792, killed in the course of the September Massacres which occurred during the ...
(archbishop of Arles), his vicar general Armand de Foucauld de Pontbriand, (bishop of Beauvais) and his brother (bishop of Saintes) were shut up in the monastery church and between 2 and 5 September all three of them were killed in the monastery garden along with the priests André Grasset Blessed André Grasset de Saint-Sauveur (3 April 1758 – 2 September 1792), usually known simply as André Grasset, was a Canadian-born French Catholic priest who was martyred for his faith in Paris during the French Revolution. In 1926 he became ...
, Ambroise Chevreux
Ambroise Chevreux (13 February 1728, in Orléans – 2 September 1792, in Paris) was a French Benedictine. He was the last superior general of the Congregation of Saint Maur
The Congregation of St. Maur, often known as the Maurists, were a congre ...
, and Joseph-Marie Gros
Joseph-Marie Gros (23 May 1742, Lyon - 3 September 1792, Paris) was a French secular cleric and clergy deputy to the Estates-General of 1789
The Estates General of 1789 was a general assembly representing the French estates of the realm: the ...
.
Bibliography
* Gérard Cholvy (editor), ''Un évêque dans la tourmente révolutionnaire, Jean Marie du Lau, archevêque d'Arles, et ses compagnons martyrs, 1792-1992'', colloque du IIe centenaire tenu à Arles les 2-4 octobre 1992, Montpellier, Université Paul Valéry, 1995.References
External links
*Account of the Carmes massacre by abbé Berthelet de Barbot
{{DEFAULTSORT:Carmes, Prison des Religion and the French Revolution Prisons in Paris Persecution of Catholics