The Carleton and York Regiment was an infantry regiment of the

Non-Permanent Active Militia The Non-Permanent Active Militia (NPAM) was the military reserve force of Canada from 1855 to 1940. It was composed of several dozen infantry battalions (redesignated as regiments in 1900) and cavalry regiments. After the withdrawal of British ...

of the

Canadian Militia The Canadian Militia is a historical title for military units raised for the defence of Canada. The term has been used to describe sedentary militia units raised from local communities in Canada; as well as the regular army for the Province of Ca ...

(now the

Canadian Army The Canadian Army () is the command (military formation), command responsible for the operational readiness of the conventional ground forces of the Canadian Armed Forces. It maintains regular forces units at bases across Canada, and is also re ...

). In 1954, the regiment was amalgamated with The New Brunswick Scottish and

The North Shore (New Brunswick) Regiment The North Shore (New Brunswick) Regiment is a Primary Reserve infantry regiment of the Canadian Army, and is part of the 5th Canadian Division's 37 Canadian Brigade Group. The regiment is headquartered in Bathurst, New Brunswick, with sub-units in ...

to form the two battalions of The New Brunswick Regiment (later renamed as

The Royal New Brunswick Regiment The Royal New Brunswick Regiment (RNBR) is a reserve infantry regiment of the Canadian Army based in New Brunswick. It was formed in 1954 by amalgamation of The Carleton and York Regiment, The New Brunswick Scottish and The North Shore (New Bru ...

Lineage

The Carleton and York Regiment

* Originated on 10 September 1869, in

Woodstock, New Brunswick Woodstock is a town in Carleton County, New Brunswick, Canada on the Saint John River, upriver from Fredericton at the mouth of the Meduxnekeag River. It is near the Canada–United States border and Houlton, Maine and the intersection of Int ...

, as ''The Carleton Light Infantry''. * Redesignated on 5 November 1869, as the ''67th The Carleton Light Infantry''. * Redesignated on 8 May 1900, as the ''67th Regiment Carleton Light Infantry''. * Redesignated on 15 March 1920, as ''The Carleton Light Infantry''. * Amalgamated on 15 December 1936, with The York Regiment and redesignated as ''The Carleton and York Regiment''. * Redesignated on 7 November 1940, as the ''2nd (Reserve) Battalion, The Carleton and York Regiment''. * Redesignated on 1 November 1945, as ''The Carleton and York Regiment''. * Amalgamated on 31 October 1954, with The New Brunswick Scottish and redesignated as the ''1st Battalion, The New Brunswick Regiment (Carleton and York)''. * Redesignated on 18 May 1956, as ''The Royal New Brunswick Regiment''.

The York Regiment

* Originated on 10 September 1869, in

Fredericton, New Brunswick Fredericton (; ) is the capital city of the Provinces and territories of Canada, Canadian province of New Brunswick. The city is situated in the west-central portion of the province along the Saint John River (Bay of Fundy), Saint John River, ...

, as ''The York Provisional Volunteer Battalion''. * Redesignated on 12 November 1869, as the ''71st York Volunteer Battalion''. * Redesignated on 8 May 1900, as the ''71st York Regiment''. * Redesignated on 15 March 1920, as ''The York Regiment''. * Amalgamated on 15 December 1936, with ''The Carleton Light Infantry''.

Perpetuations

12th Battalion, CEF The 12th Battalion, CEF was an infantry battalion of the First World War Canadian Expeditionary Force. History It was authorized on 10 August 1914 and embarked for Britain on 30 September 1914, where it was redesignated the 12th Reserve Infant ...

* 44th Battalion, CEF *

104th Battalion, CEF The 104th Battalion, CEF, was an infantry battalion of the Great War Canadian Expeditionary Force. The 104th Battalion was authorized on 22 December 1915 and embarked for Britain on 28 June 1916, where, on 18 July 1916, its personnel were absorbed ...

* 140th Battalion (St. John's Tigers), CEF

History

Formation

As a result of the 1936 Canadian Militia reorganization, ''The Carleton and York Regiment'' was formed in St. Stephen by the amalgamation of The Carleton Light Infantry and The York Regiment.

Second World War

Europe

On 1 September 1939, The Carleton and York Regiment mobilized ''The Carleton and York Regiment, CASF'' for active service. The battalion was later on 7 November 1940, redesignated as the ''1st Battalion, The Carleton and York Regiment, CASF'' and on 9 December 1939, the battalion Embarked for Great Britain as part of the 3rd Canadian Infantry Brigade,

1st Canadian Infantry Division The 1st Canadian Division (French: ) is a joint operational command and control formation based at CFB Kingston, and falls under Canadian Joint Operations Command. It is a high-readiness unit, able to move on very short notice, and is staffed a ...

. After serving in the UK on anti-invasion duties, on 10 July 1943, the battalion landed in Sicily as part of

Operation Husky Operation or Operations may refer to: Arts, entertainment and media * ''Operation'' (game), a battery-operated board game that challenges dexterity * Operation (music), a term used in musical set theory * ''Operations'' (magazine), Multi-Man ...

where it fought for 38 days. The battalion would then on 3 September 1943, take part in the invasion of Italy and would serve with the rest of the

I Canadian Corps I Canadian Corps was one of the two corps fielded by the Canadian Army during the Second World War. History From December 24, 1940, until the formation of the First Canadian Army in April 1942, there was a single unnumbered Canadian Corps. I Ca ...

in the Italian Campaign. On 16 March 1945, the battalion along with the rest of the I Canadian Corps moved to North-West Europe as part of

Operation Goldflake Operation Goldflake was the administrative move of I Canadian Corps (in essence, almost all Canadian combatant units) and the British 5th Infantry Division from Italy to Northwestern Europe during the Second World War. British-led forces had been ...

, and where upon arrival, the battalion fought until the end of the war. On 30 September 1945, the overseas battalion of The Carleton and York Regiment was disbanded.

Pacific

On 1 June 1945, a second CASF component of the regiment was mobilized for service in the Pacific theatre of operations with the re-raised

6th Canadian Infantry Division The 6th Canadian Infantry Division was an infantry division of the Canadian Army, formed in 1942 during the Second World War. It was attached to Pacific Command. The division had a brigade sent to the Aleutian Islands Campaign, particularly at ...

(Canadian Army Pacific Force) for service as part of the proposed

Commonwealth Corps The Commonwealth Corps was the name given to a proposed British Commonwealth army formation, which was scheduled to take part in the planned Allied invasion of Japan during 1945 and 1946. The corps was never formed, however, as the Japanese sur ...

for the planned Invasion of Japan. This unit was designated as the ''2nd Canadian Infantry Battalion, (The Carleton and York Regiment), CASF''. On 1 November 1945, the battalion was disbanded.

Post War

On 4 May 1951, The Carleton and York Regiment mobilized two temporary Active Force / Regular Force companies designated "E" and "F" Companies respectively. "E" Company was reduced to nil strength upon its personnel being incorporated into the 1st Canadian Infantry Battalion (later the 3rd Battalion, The Canadian Guards) for service in Germany with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization as part of the 27th Canadian Infantry Brigade. On 29 July 1953, the company was disbanded. "F" Company was initially used as a reinforcement pool for "E" Company. On 15 May 1952, the company was reduced to nil strength, upon its personnel being absorbed by the newly formed 2nd Canadian Infantry Battalion (later the 4th Battalion, The Canadian Guards) for service in Korea with the United Nations as part of the 25th Canadian Infantry Brigade. On 29 July 1953, the company was disbanded.

Amalgamation

As a result of the

Kennedy Report on the Reserve Army The Kennedy Report on the Reserve Army was a report released in 1954 that reorganized the reserve forces of the Canadian Army. The report was issued by a three-person board, invoked by Chief of the General Staff Guy Simonds, and chaired by Major ...

, on 31 October 1954, The Carleton and York Regiment was amalgamated along with The New Brunswick Scottish and

to form The New Brunswick Regiment (later redesignated as

). The Carleton and York Regiment along with The New Brunswick Scottish would form the ''1st Battalion, The New Brunswick Regiment (Carleton and York)'' and The North Shore (New Brunswick) Regiment would form the ''2nd Battalion, The New Brunswick Regiment (North Shore)'' from 1954 until 2012 when it was reorganized once again as a separate infantry regiment.

Organization

The Carleton and York Regiment (15 December 1936)

* Regimental Headquarters (

St. Stephen, New Brunswick St. Stephen is a Canadian town in Charlotte County, New Brunswick, situated on the east bank of the St. Croix River around the intersection of New Brunswick Route 170 and the southern terminus of New Brunswick Route 3. The St. Croix River m ...

) * HQ Company ( Woodstock, NB) * A Company (

Fredericton, NB Fredericton (; ) is the capital city of the Canadian province of New Brunswick. The city is situated in the west-central portion of the province along the Saint John River, also known by its Indigenous name of Wolastoq, which flows west to ea ...

) * B Company (Woodstock, NB) * C Company (St. Stephen, NB) * D Company ( Edmundston, NB)

Alliances

* - The East Yorkshire Regiment (The Duke of York's Own) (1936-1954) * -

The Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regiment The Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regiment was a line infantry regiment of the British Army based in the county of Kent in existence from 1881 to 1961. The regiment was created on 1 July 1881 as part of the Childers Reforms, originally as the Queen' ...

(1936-1954)

Battle honours

South African War

South Africa, 1900 The Second Boer War (, , 11 October 189931 May 1902), also known as the Boer War, Transvaal War, Anglo–Boer War, or South African War, was a conflict fought between the British Empire and the two Boer republics (the South African Republic an ...

The Great War

Ypres, 1915 The Second Battle of Ypres was fought from 22 April – 25 May 1915, during the First World War, for control of the tactically-important high ground to the east and the south of the Flemish town of Ypres, in western Belgium. The First Batt ...

, '17 *

Festubert, 1915 The Battle of Festubert (15–25 May 1915) was an attack by the British army in the Artois region of France on the western front during World War I. The offensive formed part of a series of attacks by the French Tenth Army and the British ...

Mount Sorrel The Battle of Mont Sorrel (Battle of Mount Sorrel) was a local operation in World War I by three divisions of the German 4th Army and three divisions of the British Second Army in the Ypres Salient, near Ypres in Belgium, from 2 to 13 June ...

Somme, 1916 The Battle of the Somme (; ), also known as the Somme offensive, was a battle of the First World War fought by the armies of the British Empire and the French Third Republic against the German Empire. It took place between 1 July and 18 Nove ...

, ‘18 *

Ancre Heights The Ancre (; ) is a river of Picardy, France. Rising at Miraumont, a hamlet near the town of Albert, it flows into the Somme at Corbie. It is long. For most of its length it flows through the department of Somme. For a short stretch near Puisi ...

* Ancre, 1916 *

Arras, 1917 The Battle of Arras, also known as the Second Battle of Arras, was a British offensive on the Western Front during the First World War. From 9 April to 16 May 1917, British troops attacked German defences near the French city of Arras on the We ...

, ‘18 *

Vimy, 1917 The Battle of Vimy Ridge was part of the Battle of Arras, in the Pas-de-Calais department of France, during the First World War. The main combatants were the four divisions of the Canadian Corps in the First Army, against three divisions of ...

Hill 70 The Battle of Hill 70 took place in the First World War between the Canadian Corps and attached units against five divisions of the German 6th Army. The battle took place along the Western Front on the outskirts of Lens in the Nord-Pas-de-Ca ...

* Passchendaele *

Amiens Amiens (English: or ; ; , or ) is a city and Communes of France, commune in northern France, located north of Paris and south-west of Lille. It is the capital of the Somme (department), Somme Departments of France, department in the region ...

Scarpe, 1918 The Battle of the Scarpe was a World War I battle that took place during the Hundred Days Offensive between 26 and 30 August 1918. 26 August The Canadian Corps advanced over 5 kilometres and captured the towns of Monchy-le-Preux and Wancourt. L ...

* Drocourt-Quéant *

Hindenburg Line The Hindenburg Line (, Siegfried Position) was a German Defense line, defensive position built during the winter of 1916–1917 on the Western Front (World War I), Western Front in France during the First World War. The line ran from Arras to ...

Canal du Nord The Canal du Nord (, literally ''Canal of the North'') is a long canal in northern France. The canal connects the Canal latéral à l'Oise in Pont-l'Évêque to the Sensée Canal in Arleux. The French government, in partnership with coal-min ...

Valenciennes Valenciennes (, also , , ; ; or ; ) is a communes of France, commune in the Nord (French department), Nord Departments of France, department, Hauts-de-France, France. It lies on the Scheldt () river. Although the city and region experienced ...

* France and Flanders, 1916-18

The Second World War

* Landing in Sicily * Valguarnera * Sicily, 1943 * Landing at Reggio * Gambatesa * The Sangro * The Gully * Point 59 * Cassino II *

Gustav Line The Winter Line was a series of German and Italian military fortifications in Italy, constructed during World War II by Organisation Todt and commanded by Albert Kesselring. The series of three lines was designed to defend a western section of ...

Liri Valley The Valle del Liri (''Liri valley'') is a valley and a geographical region of southern Lazio and part of the larger Latin Valley, located in the province of Frosinone, crossed by the Liri river (as well as the Valle Roveto in Abruzzo, which is inc ...

Hitler Line The Hitler Line was a German Army defensive line in central Italy during the Second World War. The strong points of the line were at Piedimonte, Pontecorvo, and Aquino. In May 1944, the line was renamed the Senger Line, after General Fridoli ...

* Melfa Crossing *

Gothic Line The Gothic Line (; ) was a German and Italian defensive line of the Italian Campaign of World War II. It formed Field Marshal Albert Kesselring's last major line of defence along the summits of the northern part of the Apennine Mountains du ...

* Lamone Crossing * Rimini Line * San Fortunato * Naviglio Canal * Italy, 1943–1945 * Apeldoorn * North-West Europe, 1945

Notable members

* Major-General Hardy N. Ganong * Major Rowland Frazee,

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carleton and York Regiment Infantry regiments of Canada Royal New Brunswick Regiment Military units and formations of New Brunswick Infantry regiments of Canada in World War II Military units and formations of Canada in World War II