Carbacanthographis Multiseptata

''Carbacanthographis'' is a genus of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichens in the family Graphidaceae. The genus was circumscribed by the German lichenologists Bettina Staiger and Klaus Kalb in 2002. An updated worldwide key to the genus was published in 2022 that added 17 new species. This revision allowed for further identification of undescribed species from other collections, and subsequently, 14 species were added in 2023 from the Amazonian lowland forests of Brazil and the Guianas.

Description

Genus ''Carbacanthographis'' bears a strong resemblance to the genera ''Allographa'' and '' Graphis'', with which it shares several characteristics, such as '' Trentepohlia''-like , a typically (blackened) excipulum, and colourless, transversely septate or ascospores.

One of the main distinguishing features of ''Carbacanthographis'' is its unique apical structure of the . Unlike in ''Allographa'' and ''Graphis'', where the excipulum's two lips close and the extends into the fissure, in ''Carbacanthographis'', the excipulum extends above the hamathecium, leaving an open fissure. This fissure's walls are covered at the tips by warty , which are challenging to observe and rarely seen. Additionally, the excipulum may have somewhat radiating and apically emergent, smooth hyphae.

The growth pattern of the carbonised excipulum in ''Carbacanthographis'' results in less evident striate lirellae compared to many species of ''Graphis'' and ''Allographa''. Clearly striate lirellae in ''Carbacanthographis'' are typically visible only when the excipulum is abraded, as seen in species like '' C. latispora''.

The in ''Carbacanthographis'' also show notable differences. While in ''Allographa'' and ''Graphis'', the spore become rounded to with a strong I+ blue-violet reaction due to deposition, in ''Carbacanthographis'', some species have rounded to lentiform lumina without a positive I-reaction. In other species, there is little or no endospore formation, and the septa remain thin, with ascospores that may or may not exhibit a positive I-reaction.

The hamathecium's inspersion in ''Carbacanthographis'' consists of minute droplets approximately 0.5–1 Î¼m wide, in contrast to the larger, unevenly sized oil-like droplets found in ''Graphis'' and ''Allographa''. This difference in inspersion further aids in distinguishing ''Carbacanthographis'' from its close relatives.

Species

, Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) accept 43 species in ''Carbacanthographis''.

*'' Carbacanthographis acanthoamicta'' – Papua New Guinea
*'' Carbacanthographis acanthoparaphysata'' – Papua New Guinea
*'' Carbacanthographis aggregata'' – Peninsular Malaysia
*''Carbacanthographis albolirellata'' – Tamil Nadu
*''Carbacanthographis alloafzelii'' – South Solomons
*''Carbacanthographis amazonica'' – French Guiana
*''Carbacanthographis amicta''
*''Carbacanthographis aptrootii'' – Yunnan, China
*'' Carbacanthographis brasiliensis'' – São Paulo, Brazil
*'' Carbacanthographis bulbosa'' – Brazil
*'' Carbacanthographis candidata''
*'' Carbacanthographis chionophora''
*'' Carbacanthographis clandestinospora'' – Brazil
*'' Carbacanthographis cleitops''
*'' Carbacanthographis coccospora''
*'' Carbacanthographis crassa''
*''Carbacanthographis cristata'' – Brazil
*''Carbacanthographis denudata'' – Guyana
*'' Carbacanthographis garoana''
*'' Carbacanthographis granulosa'' – Guyana
*'' Carbacanthographis halei'' – Sarawak
*'' Carbacanthographis hertelii'' – Australia
*'' Carbacanthographis hillii''
*'' Carbacanthographis indica'' – Meghalaya
*'' Carbacanthographis induta''
*'' Carbacanthographis inspersa'' – Brazil
*''Carbacanthographis inspersomarcescens'' – Brazil
*'' Carbacanthographis iriomotensis''
*''Carbacanthographis isidiata'' – Guyana
*'' Carbacanthographis latispora'' – Venezuela
*'' Carbacanthographis latisporoides'' – Guyana
*'' Carbacanthographis lucidocleitops'' – Guyana
*'' Carbacanthographis megalospora'' – Espírito Santo
*''Carbacanthographis minutissima'' – Guyana
*'' Carbacanthographis multiseptata'' – Venezuela
*''Carbacanthographis multiseptatoides'' – Guyana
*'' Carbacanthographis muriformis'' – Florida, USA
*'' Carbacanthographis nematoides''
*'' Carbacanthographis nigra'' – Guyana
*''Carbacanthographis nitida'' – Brazil
*'' Carbacanthographis novoguineensis'' – Papua New Guinea
*''Carbacanthographis protocristata'' – Guyana
*'' Carbacanthographis pseudorustica'' – Sarawak
*'' Carbacanthographis salazinica'' – Australia
*'' Carbacanthographis salazinicoides'' – Papua New Guinea
*'' Carbacanthographis sipmaniana'' – Sabah
*'' Carbacanthographis sorediata'' – Tamil Nadu
*'' Carbacanthographis spongiosa'' – Sergipe
*'' Carbacanthographis stictica'' – Amazonas
*'' Carbacanthographis subalbotecta'' – Brazil
*'' Carbacanthographis subchionophora'' – Papua New Guinea
*'' Carbacanthographis submultiseptata'' – Colombia
*'' Carbacanthographis tetrinspersa'' – Brazil
*'' Carbacanthographis triphoroides''
*'' Carbacanthographis uniseptata'' – Australia
*''Carbacanthographis violaceospora'' – Bolivia

Former species;
* ''C. chilensis'' = ''Redonographa chilensis'', Redonographaceae
* ''C. marcescens'' = ''Graphina marcescens'', Graphidaceae
* ''C. saxiseda'' = ''Redonographa saxiseda'', Redonographaceae
* ''C. saxorum'' = ''Redonographa saxorum'', Redonographaceae

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q5037827

Lichen genera
Graphidales genera
Taxa described in 2002
Taxa named by Klaus Kalb
Taxa named by Bettina Staiger