Capiz Shell Window

In Philippine architecture, the capiz shell window is a type of window with small panes that use the translucent and durable ''capiz'' shell (windowpane oyster shell) instead of glass. The Chinese were presumably the first to utilize the shell, the dissemination of which use has been credited to the Portuguese; extensive and widespread use of the shell for windows and other handicraft products as a substitute for the then more scarce and more expensive glass was seen in Portuguese settlements as well as in India in the 17th century.

During the length of the Spanish colonization of the Philippines, churches and homes used the ''capiz'' shell for windowpanes, cabinet decorations, and handicrafts starting in 1755, while before this period the seashell was only used widely in the decoration of weapons, clothes, and trading goods. It is believed that the shell was first used architecturally in the making of slide windows for the churches of the Catholic Church in the Philippines. Philippine text history confirms the continued popularity of the ''capiz'' shell as a Philippine architectural element in the 19th century through the entry "Capiz" in the 1860 edition of '' Vocabolario de la lengua tagala'', the first dictionary of the Tagalog language; the entry for "Capiz" refers to it as "la Ventana" (the Window). Today, the shell is also used in the manufacture of decorative items, including mobiles, chandeliers, Christmas lanterns (the ''parol''), and various other products.

Panels from the early centuries of capiz-shell window-making show tight mortise and tenon lap joints on the frames, done using only chisels and hardwood dowels. The lattice work often show the delicate ''capiz'' shell inserted into a less than 1/16" groove.
The flat shells of Capiz, the Philippine province where the oyster is most abundant and after which the Philippine windowpane oyster has been called, can grow to over 150 mm in diameter, reaching maturity between 70 and 100 mm, making the size of the panes of Philippine capiz-shell windows variable."Fisheries and aquaculture of window-pane shells"
Malacological Society of London. Retrieved on 2011-10-23.

On June 12, 2020, the National Museum of the Philippines launched an online exhibition titled "Placuna placenta: Capis Shells and Windows to Indigenous Artistry" alongside other government institutions' celebrations commemorating the 122nd anniversary of Philippine independence.

''Bahay na bato''

In 19th-century Philippine colonial architecture, ''bahay na bato'' houses extensively used the capiz-shell window element. Designed to take advantage of tropical cool breezes, these houses' large windows were built at least a meter high and as wide as five meters. The typically sliding panels with ''conchas'' or lattice work (muntins) that would carry the windows' ''capis'' panes would be drawn shut when there is too much wind, with the house still taking in daylight during the storm.

Shell sources

In the year 2000, there were at least 27 natural ''kapis'' beds in the Philippines, the major sources being in Sapian Bay and Roxas City, Capiz; Oton and Tigbauan, Iloilo; San Miguel Bay in Camarines Norte and Camarines Sur; Hinigaran and Pontevedra, Negros Occidental; Mangarin Bay in Mindoro Occidental; and Panguil Bay in Misamis Occidental.

Gallery

File:JC Fernandez 4.JPG, A man repainting the frames and muntins of three capiz-shell window sashes.
File:Capiz Windows with Grills.jpg, Las Piñas Gabaldon Hall's row of capiz-shell windows with grills
File:Camarines Sur National High Schoolmain Building-capiz window.jpg, A Camarines Sur high-school building's large capiz-shell window
File:Pulong Kabyawan Agricultural Farm 32.jpg, ''Bahay kubo'' interior featuring sliding capiz shell windows
File:Capiz shell window, Taal Basilica side tower.jpg, A capiz shell window on a side tower of the Taal Basilica in Taal, Batangas

See also

* Ventanilla
* Gabaldon School Buildings

References

External links

* {{Commons category-inline, Capiz windows in the Philippines

Guide to capiz shell furniture maintenance

Philippine architectural features
Houses in the Philippines
Bahay na bato
Vernacular architecture
Windows
Window coverings