The Canon de 65 mm Modèle 1891 & Modèle 1902 were a family of widely used

naval gun Naval artillery is artillery mounted on a warship, originally used only for naval warfare and then subsequently used for more specialized roles in surface warfare such as naval gunfire support (NGFS) and anti-aircraft warfare (AAW) engagements. T ...

s of the

French Navy The French Navy (, , ), informally (, ), is the Navy, maritime arm of the French Armed Forces and one of the four military service branches of History of France, France. It is among the largest and most powerful List of navies, naval forces i ...

that were also used by the

Ottoman Navy The Ottoman Navy () or the Imperial Navy (), also known as the Ottoman Fleet, was the naval warfare arm of the Ottoman Empire. It was established after the Ottomans first reached the sea in 1323 by capturing Praenetos (later called Karamürsel ...

during

World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...

. Guns removed from decommissioned ships also saw use as

coastal artillery Coastal artillery is the branch of the armed forces concerned with operating anti-ship artillery or fixed gun batteries in coastal fortifications. From the Middle Ages until World War II, coastal artillery and naval artillery in the form of ...

and as fortress guns in the

Maginot Line The Maginot Line (; ), named after the Minister of War (France), French Minister of War André Maginot, is a line of concrete fortifications, obstacles and weapon installations built by French Third Republic, France in the 1930s to deter invas ...

fortifications during

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

Construction

The Canon de 65 mm Modèle 1891 & Modèle 1902 were developed and built by Schneider at the

Le Creusot Le Creusot () is a Communes of France, commune and industrial town in the Saône-et-Loire Departments of France, department, Regions of France, region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, eastern France. The inhabitants are known as Creusotins. Formerl ...

works. The guns were constructed of an A tube, a jacket, a wedge breech block, a locking ring, a trunnion hoop and used fixed quick fire ammunition. The Modèle 1891 & Modèle 1902 had similar dimensions, but the Modèle 1902 fired a slightly heavier projectile at a higher muzzle velocity. Both models are sometimes referred to as 9 pounders in English publications.

History

The Canon de 65 mm Modèle 1891 & Modèle 1902 were mainly used as anti-

torpedo boat A torpedo boat is a relatively small and fast naval ship designed to carry torpedoes into battle. The first designs were steam-powered craft dedicated to ramming enemy ships with explosive spar torpedoes. Later evolutions launched variants of ...

defense aboard armored cruisers,

destroyer In naval terminology, a destroyer is a fast, maneuverable, long-endurance warship intended to escort larger vessels in a fleet, convoy, or carrier battle group and defend them against a wide range of general threats. They were conceived i ...

s, ironclads,

pre-dreadnought Pre-dreadnought battleships were sea-going battleships built from the mid- to late- 1880s to the early 1900s. Their designs were conceived before the appearance of in 1906 and their classification as "pre-dreadnought" is retrospectively appl ...

battleships,

protected cruiser Protected cruisers, a type of cruiser of the late 19th century, took their name from the armored deck, which protected vital machine-spaces from fragments released by explosive shells. Protected cruisers notably lacked a belt of armour alon ...

s, seaplane carriers and

torpedo gunboat In the late 19th century, torpedo gunboats were a form of gunboat armed with torpedoes and designed for hunting and destroying smaller torpedo boats. By the end of the 1890s torpedo gunboats were superseded by their more successful contemporaries, ...

Armored cruisers

* Amiral Charner-class - The tertiary armament of this class of four armored cruisers consisted of four M1891 guns in single mounts amidships. * Dupuy de Lôme - The tertiary armament of this ship consisted of four M1891 guns in single mounts amidships. * Edgar Quinet-class - The secondary armament of this class of two armored cruisers consisted of twenty

casemated A casemate is a fortified gun emplacement or armoured structure from which guns are fired, in a fortification, warship, or armoured fighting vehicle.Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary When referring to antiquity, the term "casemate wall" mea ...

M1902 guns in single mounts amidships. *

Ernest Renan Joseph Ernest Renan (; ; 27 February 18232 October 1892) was a French Orientalist and Semitic scholar, writing on Semitic languages and civilizations, historian of religion, philologist, philosopher, biblical scholar, and critic. He wrote wo ...

- The tertiary armament of this class of two armored cruisers consisted of sixteen casemated M1902 guns in single mounts amidships.

Destroyers

* Arquebuse-class - The primary armament of this class of twenty ships consisted of one M1891 gun. * Bisson-class - The secondary armament of this class of six ships consisted of four M1902 guns in single mounts. * Bouclier-class - The secondary armament of this class of twelve ships consisted of four M1902 guns in single mounts. * Branlebas-class - The primary armament of this class of ten ships consisted of one M1902 gun. * Chasseur-class - The primary armament of this class of six ships consisted of six M1902 guns. The destroyer ''Actée'' from this class was sold to Peru before completion. * Claymore-class - The primary armament of this class of thirteen ships consisted of one M1902 gun. * Durandal-class - The primary armament of this class of four ships consisted of one M1891 gun. The Ottoman Navy ordered four destroyers in 1906 which they called the ''Samsun-class'' which were nearly identical. * Enseigne Roux-class - The secondary armament of this class of two ships consisted of four M1902 guns. * Framée-class - The primary armament of this class of four ships consisted of one M1891 gun. * Pertuisane-class - The primary armament of this class of four ships consisted of one M1891 gun. *

Spahi-class destroyer The ''Spahi'' class consisted of seven destroyers built for the French Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. One ship was lost during the First World War, but the others survived to be scrapped afterwards. Design and description The ''Spah ...

- The primary armament of this class of seven ships consisted of six M1902 guns. * Voltigeur-class - The primary armament of this class of two ships consisted of six M1902 guns.

Ironclads

* Amiral Duperré - The quaternary armament of this ship consisted of two M1891 guns in single mounts after 1890s refits. * Dévastation-class - The quaternary armament of class this ship consisted of two or four M1891 guns in single mounts after 1890s refits. * Hoche - The quaternary armament of this ship consisted of four M1891 guns in single mounts after 1890s refits. * Hydra-class - The quaternary armament of this class of three Greek ships consisted of eight casemated M1891 guns in single mounts after 1890s refits. * Marceau-class - The tertiary armament of this class of three ships consisted of six casemated M1891 guns in single mounts. * Redoutable - The tertiary armament of this ship consisted of five M1891 guns in single mounts after 1890s refits.

Pre-dreadnought battleships

French battleship Brennus ''Brennus'' was the first pre-dreadnought battleship built for the (French Navy). Completed in 1896, she was the sole member of her ship class, class, with a main battery of heavy guns mounted on the centerline (nautical), centerline and the f ...

- The tertiary armament of this ship consisted of four M1891 guns in single mounts. *

French battleship Charles Martel ''Charles Martel'' was a pre-dreadnought battleship of the French Navy built in the 1890s. Completed in 1897, she was a member of a group of five broadly similar battleships ordered as part of the French response to a major British naval const ...

- The quaternary armament of this ship consisted of four M1891 guns in single mounts. * French battleship Carnot - The quaternary armament of this ship consisted of four M1891 guns in single mounts. * French battleship Jauréguiberry - The quaternary armament of this ship consisted of four M1891 guns in single mounts. * - The tertiary armament of this class of two battleships included thirteen M1902 guns in single mounts. *

Liberté-class battleship The ''Liberté'' class consisted of four pre-dreadnought battleships built for the French Navy in the early 1900s. The class comprised , , , and . They were ordered as part of a naval expansion program directed at countering German Empire, Germa ...

- The tertiary armament of this class of four battleships consisted of thirteen M1902 guns in single mounts.>

Protected cruisers

* - The tertiary armament of this class of two protected cruisers consisted of two M1891 guns in single mounts. *

Seaplane carrier

* Foudre - The secondary armament of this ship consisted of four M1891 guns in single mounts.

Torpedo gunboat

* Nadezhda - The secondary armament of this ship consisted of two M1891 guns in single mounts.

Notes

References

* *

External links

* http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNFR_26-50_m1888.php {{DEFAULTSORT:Canon de 65 mm Modèle 1891 World War I naval weapons Naval guns of France 65 mm artillery Naval guns of the Ottoman Empire