Candi Kethek
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Candi Kethek is a terraced
megalithic A megalith is a large Rock (geology), stone that has been used to construct a prehistoric structure or monument, either alone or together with other stones. More than 35,000 megalithic structures have been identified across Europe, ranging ...
pyramid A pyramid () is a structure whose visible surfaces are triangular in broad outline and converge toward the top, making the appearance roughly a pyramid in the geometric sense. The base of a pyramid can be of any polygon shape, such as trian ...
-shaped 15th-16th century
Hindu Hindus (; ; also known as Sanātanīs) are people who religiously adhere to Hinduism, also known by its endonym Sanātana Dharma. Jeffery D. Long (2007), A Vision for Hinduism, IB Tauris, , pp. 35–37 Historically, the term has also be ...
temple on the northwest slope of
Mount Lawu The Lawu (), or Mount Lawu () is a massive compound stratovolcano straddling the border between East Java and Central Java, Indonesia. The north side is deeply eroded and the eastern side contains parasitic crater lakes and parasitic cones. A ...
in Anggrasmanis village of Gumeng subdistrict in Jenawi district of
Karanganyar Regency Karanganyar Regency () is a Regencies of Indonesia, regency in the Indonesian province of Central Java. It covers an area of 767.79 km2 and had a population of 813,196 at the 2010 CensusBiro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. and 931,963 at th ...
in
Central Java Central Java (, ) is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia, located in the middle of the island of Java. Its administrative capital is Semarang. It is bordered by West Java in the west, the Indian Ocean and the Special Region of Yogya ...
of
Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, ...
., p. 424., p. 26. The temple has seven terraces facing west, each terrace is connected by stone steps.Flame Rozario
Pyramids in Indonesia? It's not just Gunung Padang
30 May 2016.
There is an alternative path to the top terrace on the south side. Kethek Temple is located northeast of the fifteenth-century Javanese-Hindu
Ceto Temple The Ceto () is a fifteenth-century Javanese-Hindu temple that is located on the western slope of Mount Lawu ( elev. 1495 m above sea level) on the border between Central and East Java provinces. Cetho is one of several temples built on the nor ...
. To reach Candi Kethek, visitors must take a 300 m footpath from Ceto Temple in the direction of the path leading to Puri Taman Saraswati.


Etymology

Kethek in Javanese means monkey, the name given by residents to this temple because there used to be many monkeys in this area. ''Candi'' means
Hindu temple A Hindu temple, also known as Mandir, Devasthanam, Pura, or Kovil, is a sacred place where Hindus worship and show their devotion to Hindu deities, deities through worship, sacrifice, and prayers. It is considered the house of the god to who ...
built during the ''Zaman Hindu-Buddha'' or " Hindu-Buddhist period", between the 4th and 15th centuries.


History

The existence of this temple has been reported since 1842. In 2005, excavations were carried out by the Central Java Archaeological Heritage Preservation Agency in collaboration with the Department of Archeology of
Gadjah Mada University Gadjah Mada University (; , abbreviated as UGM) is a public research university located in Sleman, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Officially founded on 19 December 1949, Gadjah Mada University is one of the oldest and largest institut ...
and the Karanganyar Regency Government. A statue of a tortoise, the incarnation of the Hindu deity Lord Vishnu, denoting Samudramanthana, was found on the lowest terrace, which confirmed that Candi Kethek is a Hindu place of worship. Research on the Kethek Temple is still ongoing to obtain more information history of the temple by studying the layout of the temple, and inscriptions and artifacts found at the site.


Architecture

This temple is similar to the Ceto temple and 15th-century Javanese-Hindu
Sukuh Sukuh (, ) is a 15th-century Javanese-Hindu temple ( candi) that is located in Berjo, Ngargoyoso district, Karanganyar Regency, Central Java, Indonesia on the western slope of Mount Lawu (elevation ). This temple has a height of 8,7 meters. Suk ...
temple (candi) found in this area on the terraces, all of which are considered to be the hallmark of Megalith cultural heritage buildings in the archipelago. Based on this similarity, the time of Candi Kathek's establishment was estimated to be almost the same as the other two temples, i.e. around the 15th to 16th centuries CE. On the first terrace of the temple, there is a building on the northeast side. The second and third terraces each have two buildings on the north and south sides. Whereas the fourth terrace, the top terrace, is thought to be the site of the main temple building, which is now has a small "stana" with a golden crown, clad in Balinese Poleng Fabric.


See also

; Pyramid temples in Indonesia *
Gunung Padang Megalithic Site Gunung Padang is an Archaeology, archaeological site located in Karyamukti, Campaka, Karyamukti, West Java, Indonesia, southwest of Cianjur. Located at above sea level, the site covers a hill—an extinct volcano—in a series of five terraces ...
, 5 terraces *
Lebak Cibedug Lebak Cibedug temple, is a terraced pyramid shaped sacred megalithic site on the bank of Cibedug river near Citorek village in Banten Province at the west end of the island of Java, Indonesia. There are other megalithic menhirs and dolmens on th ...
, 9 terraces *
Pugung Raharjo Pugung Raharjo (sometimes called Pugungraharjo) is a 30 hectares archaeological site in the regency of East Lampung regency of Lampung Province in South Sumatra in Indonesia. The site was discovered in 1957. There is an ancient Terrace (earthwor ...
, 5 terraces *
Candi Sukuh Sukuh (, ) is a 15th-century Javanese-Hindu temple ( candi) that is located in Berjo, Ngargoyoso district, Karanganyar Regency, Central Java, Indonesia on the western slope of Mount Lawu (elevation ). This temple has a height of 8,7 meters. Suk ...
, 3 terraces ; Related topics in Java *
Candi Ceto The Ceto () is a fifteenth-century Javanese people, Javanese-Hindu temple that is located on the western slope of Mount Lawu (elevation, elev. 1495 m above sea level) on the border between Central Java, Central and East Java provinces. Cetho is ...
*
Candi of Indonesia A candi (, ) is a Hindu temple, Hindu or Buddhist temple in Indonesia, mostly built during the ''Zaman Hindu-Buddha'' or "Indianized kingdom, Hindu-Buddhist period" between circa the 4th and 15th centuries. The ''Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia'' ...
* Prambanan Temple, 6th-9th century UNESCO heritage Hindu temple in Central Java. *
Sunda Kingdom The Sunda Kingdom ( , ) was a Sundanese people, Sundanese Hindu kingdom located in the western portion of the island of Java from 669 to around 1579, covering the area of present-day Banten, Jakarta, West Java, Lampung, and the western part of ...
, 7th-16th century Indianised Hindu kingdom in Western and Central Java. * Taruma Kingdom, 2nd-6th century Indianised Hindu kingdom of Western Java. ; Other related topics *
Greater India Greater India, also known as the Indian cultural sphere, or the Indic world, is an area composed of several countries and regions in South Asia, East Asia and Southeast Asia that were historically influenced by Indian culture, which itself ...
*
Indianisation Indianisation also known as Indianization, may refer to the spread of Indian languages, culture, diaspora, cuisines, economic reach and impact. History Ancient era Indianisation took place in Southeast Asia mainly from the first mille ...
*
History of Indian influence on Southeast Asia Southeast Asia was in the Indian sphere of cultural influence from 290 BCE to the 15th century CE, when Hindu-Buddhist influences were incorporated into local political systems. Kingdoms in the southeast coast of the Indian subcontinent had esta ...
*
Hinduism in Indonesia Hinduism is the third-largest religion in Indonesia, based on civil registration data in 2023 from Ministry of Home Affairs, is practised by about 1.68% of the total population, and almost 87% of the population in Bali. Hinduism was the dom ...
*
Buddhism in Indonesia Buddhism has a long history in Indonesia, and it is one of the six recognized religions in the country, along with Islam, Christianity (Protestantism and Catholicism), Hinduism and Confucianism. According to 2023 estimates roughly 0.71% of the ...
* List of places with columnar jointed volcanics


References


External links

{{DEFAULTSORT:Candi Of Indonesia * Javanese culture Cultural Properties of Indonesia in Central Java Tourist attractions in Central Java Archaeological sites in Indonesia * Places in Hindu worship History of Central Java Archaeology of Indonesia