Cakung River
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Cakung River is a river in the
Bekasi Bekasi (, ) is the List of regencies and cities of Indonesia, city with the largest population in the province of West Java, Indonesia, located on the eastern border of Jakarta. It serves as a commuter town, commuter city within the Jakarta m ...
,
West Java West Java (, ) is an Indonesian Provinces of Indonesia, province on the western part of the island of Java, with its provincial capital in Bandung. West Java is bordered by the province of Banten and the country's capital region of Jakarta to t ...
, and the eastern part of the
Special Capital Region of Jakarta Jakarta (; , Betawi language, Betawi: ''Jakartè''), officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta (; ''DKI Jakarta'') and formerly known as Batavia, Dutch East Indies, Batavia until 1949, is the capital and largest city of Indonesia and ...
, Indonesia. The lower portions of the original river have been channelized and directed into the eastern flood canal, " Banjir Kanal Timur", which continues to flow to the Java Sea in the district of Marunda, Cilincing,
North Jakarta North Jakarta (; ), abbreviated as Jakut, is one of the five administrative cities (''kota administrasi'') which form Special Capital Region of Jakarta, Indonesia. North Jakarta is not self-governed and does not have a city council, hence it is ...
. The river regularly causes flooding in the cities of
Bekasi Bekasi (, ) is the List of regencies and cities of Indonesia, city with the largest population in the province of West Java, Indonesia, located on the eastern border of Jakarta. It serves as a commuter town, commuter city within the Jakarta m ...
and Jakarta.Kali Cakung Lama Jadi Penyebab Tiga Kecamatan di Jakarta Utara Ini Tergenang
Tribun News. 1 Mar 2017.


History

Cakung and the other two nearby rivers: Jatikramat and Buaran, flow from Bekasi and interconnect until draining into the Jakarta Bay in the district of Marunda through Cakung Drain and currently through Banjir Kanal Timur. In the past, the three rivers supplied water for drinking and agriculture in the area.Tiga Sungai Menghidupkan Timur Jakarta
Kompas.com - 28 Mei 2016.
Some leftover rice fields can still be seen in Cipinang Melayu, the District of Makasar, and the District of Cakung. In 1990, more people occupied Pulogebang, and the rice fields were transformed into houses. Since then, the Cakung River often overflows during the rainy season and causes high floods. Research by Pieter J Kunu and H Lelolterry of Pattimura University, Ambon, showed that the development of the city changed 85% of land in Jakarta to be waterproof, unable to absorb surface water, and resulted in regular floods. One of the solutions was to construct a flood-control canal, Banjir Kanal Timur. The flow of the Cakung, Buaran, Jati Kramat, Sunter, and Cipinang rivers was cut to drain into the canal, thereby reducing the occurrence of floods. After the old Cakung River flow in Pulogebang was cut by the flood-control canal, Banjir Kanal Timur, in the old maps there was still a small stream flowing away from the canal, identified as the Cakung River. However, in reality, this stream resembles a street gutter with a width of 1 meter, flowing out starting about 300 meters from the bank of Kanal Timur. The flow of this new Cakung widens a few hundred meters to the north, as can be seen in Rawa Kuning Street, Ujung Menteng, District of Cakung, East Jakarta, reaching a width of 3 meters. Currently, the old river flowing to Banjir Kanal Timur has a function as
drainage Drainage is the natural or artificial removal of a surface's water and sub-surface water from an area with excess water. The internal drainage of most agricultural soils can prevent severe waterlogging (anaerobic conditions that harm root gro ...
from industrial and household waste. It badly affects the river quality, resulting in darkened water and an unpleasant smell.Kanal Timur yang Mengubah Alur Sungai
Kompas.com - 24 Mei 2016.
Kesadaran Menjaga Sungai yang Semakin Runtuh
Kompas.com - 08 Jun 2016.


Hydrology

Cakung River has a length of , with a watershed area (Indonesian: ''Daerah Aliran Sungai'') of 154.78 km². The average daily rainfall is 142 mm, with the peak debit at 60 m³. BBWS Ciliwung Cisadane. ''Pengendalian Banjir dan Perbaikan Sungai Ciliwung Cisadane'' (PBPS CC). https://konservasidasciliwung.wordpress.com/kebijakan-tentang-ciliwung/bbws-ciliwung-cisadane/ Archived in ''Konservasi DAS Ciliwung''] - April 2012.


Geography

The river flows in the northwest area of Java with a predominantly
tropical rainforest climate A tropical rainforest climate or equatorial climate is a tropical climate sub-type usually found within 10 to 15 degrees latitude of the equator. There are some other areas at higher latitudes, such as the coast of southeast Florida, United States ...
(designated as ''Af'' in the Köppen-Geiger climate classification). The annual average temperature in the area is 26 °C. The warmest month is August, when the average temperature is around 28 °C, and the coldest is April, at 24 °C. The average annual rainfall is 3674 mm. The wettest month is December, with an average of 456 mm of rainfall, and the driest is September, with 87 mm of rainfall.


Normalisation

Anticipating the flood in 2017, the government of Jakarta widened 1.5 km of the old Cakung River in Pegangsaan Dua, District of Kelapa Gading and Sukapura, Semper Barat, District of Cilincing. The dredging is necessary to remove the mud sedimentation that rapidly narrows the stream. , PosKota News. 8 Juli 2017.


See also

*
List of drainage basins of Indonesia This is a list of river catchment areas, also known as drainage basins, in Indonesia. Based on the National River Basin Classification map, Indonesia has a total of 42,210 river basins organized as a basis for determining watershed management poli ...


References

{{Rivers of Java Rivers of Jakarta Drainage basins of the North Coast of Java