Café Procope

The Café Procope (), also known as Le Procope (), on the Rue de l'Ancienne Comédie, is a café in the 6th arrondissement of Paris. The original café was opened in 1686 by the Sicilian chef Procopio Cutò (also known by his Italian name Francesco Procopio dei Coltelli and his French name François Procope); it became a hub of the Parisian artistic and literary community in 18th and 19th centuries. It sometimes is erroneously called the oldest café in the world in continuous operation; (the Queen's Lane Coffee House in Oxford England has been in continuous operation since 1654) however, the original café closed in 1872 and the space was used in various ways before 1957, when the current incarnation (not a café but a restaurant) was opened; so the claim of "oldest café in continuous operation" is not supported.

Background

Procopio Cutò first apprenticed under the leadership of an Armenian immigrant named Pascal who had a kiosk (', ) on rue de Tournon selling refreshments, including lemonade and coffee.Fitch, p. 43 Pascal's attempt at such a business in Paris was not successful and he went to London in 1675, leaving the stall to Procopio.

''The first Paris cafe was probably Le Procope, opened about 1675 (it moved to its present location in 1686) by a Sicilian, who helped turn France into a coffee-drinking society.'' ''Literary Cafes of Paris'' by Noel Riley Fitch, Starrhill Press, Washington & Philadelphia

History

Cutò relocated his kiosk in 1686 to ''rue des Fossés-Saint-Germain-des-Prés''. At the beginning, it was referred to as an "antre" (cavern or cave) because it was so dark inside, even when there was bright sunshine outside. Cutò purchased a bath house and had its unique fixtures removed; he installed in his new café items now standard in modern European cafés (crystal chandeliers, wall mirrors, marble tables).

It was a place where gentlemen of fashion might drink coffee, the exotic beverage that had previously been served in taverns, or eat a sorbet, served up in porcelain cups by waiters in exotic "Armenian" garb. The escorted ladies, who appeared at the Café Procope in its earliest days, soon disappeared.

In 1689, the Comédie-Française opened its doors in a theatre across the street from his caféhence the street's modern name.THE CAFE PROCOPE by Addison May Rothrock; Lippincott's Monthly Magazine (1886–1915); Jun 1906; 77, 462; American Periodicals Series Online, pg. 702 By this stroke of fortune, the café attracted many actors, writers, musicians, poets, philosophers, revolutionaries, statesmen, scientists, dramatists, stage artists, playwrights, and literary critics. It was to the Procope, on 18 December 1752, that Rousseau retired, before the performance of '' Narcisse'', his last play, had even finished, saying publicly how boring it all was on the stage, now that he had seen it mounted.

It was the unexampled ''mix'' of habitués that surprised visitors, though no-one remarked on the absence of women. Louis, chevalier de Mailly, in ''Les Entretiens des caffés'', 1702, remarked:

In 1702, Cutò changed his name to the gallicized François Procope, and renamed the business to Café Procope, the name by which it is still known today. Prior to that, it had been known only as the "boutique at the sign of the Holy Shroud of Turin", which was the name of the previous business at the location.

Throughout the 18th century, the brasserie Procope was the meeting place of the intellectual establishment, and of the ''nouvellistes'' of the scandal-gossip trade, whose remarks at Procope were repeated in the police reports. Not all the '' Encyclopédistes'' drank forty cups of coffee a day like Voltaire, who mixed his with chocolate, but they all met at Café Procope, as did Benjamin Franklin, John Paul Jones and Thomas Jefferson.

There are words above the door at Cutò's establishment that read: ''Café à la Voltaire''. Voltaire is known to have said, "Ice cream is exquisite. What a pity it isn’t illegal."

The birthplace of the ''Encyclopédie'', conceived by Denis Diderot and Jean le Rond d'Alembert, is said to be at Café Procope.

Alain-René Lesage described the hubbub at Procope in ''La Valise Trouvée'' (1772): "There is an ebb and flow of all conditions of men, nobles and cooks, wits and sots, pell mell, all chattering in full chorus to their heart's content", indicating an increasingly democratic mix. Writing a few years after the death of Voltaire, Louis-Sébastien Mercier noted:

During the Revolution, the Phrygian cap, soon to be the symbol of Liberty, was first displayed at the Procope. The Cordeliers, Robespierre, Danton and Marat all used the café as a meeting place. After the Restoration, another famous customer was Alexander von Humboldt who, during the 1820s, lunched there every day from 11am to noon. The Café Procope retained its literary cachet; Alfred de Musset, George Sand, Gustave Planche, the philosopher Pierre Leroux, M. Coquille, editor of ''Le Monde'', Anatole France

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