C-C chemokine receptor type 4 is a
protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residue (biochemistry), residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including Enzyme catalysis, catalysing metab ...
that in humans is encoded by the ''CCR4''
gene
In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protei ...
.
CCR4 has also been designated CD194 (
cluster of differentiation 194).
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the
G protein-coupled receptor family. It is a receptor for the following
CC chemokines:
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CCL2 (MCP-1)
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CCL4 (MIP-1)
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CCL5 (RANTES)
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CCL17 (TARC)
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CCL22 (Macrophage-derived chemokine)
s are a group of small structurally related proteins that regulate cell trafficking of various types of
leukocytes. The chemokines also play fundamental roles in the development, homeostasis, and function of the
immune system
The immune system is a network of biological systems that protects an organism from diseases. It detects and responds to a wide variety of pathogens, from viruses to bacteria, as well as Tumor immunology, cancer cells, Parasitic worm, parasitic ...
, and they have effects on cells of the
central nervous system
The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system consisting primarily of the brain, spinal cord and retina. The CNS is so named because the brain integrates the received information and coordinates and influences the activity o ...
as well as on
endothelial cells involved in
angiogenesis or
angiostasis.
CCR4 is a cell-surface protein and should not be confused with the unrelated carbon catabolite repression-negative on TATA-less (
CCR4-Not), a nuclear protein complex that regulates gene expression.
Clinical significance
CCR4 is often expressed on leukemic cells in
cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL).
[''FDA grants priority review to mogamulizumab for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma'' Nov 2017]
/ref>
As a drug target
Mogamulizumab is a humanised monoclonal antibody
A monoclonal antibody (mAb, more rarely called moAb) is an antibody produced from a cell lineage made by cloning a unique white blood cell. All subsequent antibodies derived this way trace back to a unique parent cell.
Monoclonal antibodie ...
targeted at CCR4 and is an investigational drug for CTCL.[
]
References
External links
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Chemokine receptors
Clusters of differentiation
{{transmembranereceptor-stub