C-C chemokine receptor type 4 is a
protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CCR4''
gene.
CCR4 has also recently been designated CD194 (
cluster of differentiation 194).
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the
G protein-coupled receptor family. It is a receptor for the following
CC chemokines:
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CCL2 (MCP-1)
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CCL4 (MIP-1)
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CCL5 (RANTES)
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CCL17 (TARC)
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CCL22 (Macrophage-derived chemokine)
s are a group of small structurally related proteins that regulate cell trafficking of various types of
leukocyte
White blood cells, also called leukocytes or leucocytes, are the cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders. All white blood cells are produced and derived from mult ...
s. The chemokines also play fundamental roles in the development, homeostasis, and function of the
immune system, and they have effects on cells of the
central nervous system as well as on
endothelial cells involved in
angiogenesis
Angiogenesis is the physiological process through which new blood vessels form from pre-existing vessels, formed in the earlier stage of vasculogenesis. Angiogenesis continues the growth of the vasculature by processes of sprouting and splitting ...
or
angiostasis
Angiogenesis is the physiological process through which new blood vessels form from pre-existing vessels, formed in the earlier stage of vasculogenesis. Angiogenesis continues the growth of the vasculature by processes of sprouting and splitting ...
.
CCR4 is a cell-surface protein and should not be confused with the unrelated carbon catabolite repression-negative on TATA-less (
CCR4-Not), a nuclear protein complex that regulates gene expression.
Clinical significance
CCR4 is often expressed on leukemic cells in
cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a class of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, which is a type of cancer of the immune system. Unlike most non-Hodgkin lymphomas (which are generally B-cell-related), CTCL is caused by a mutation of T cells. The cancerous ...
(CTCL).
[''FDA grants priority review to mogamulizumab for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma'' Nov 2017]
/ref>
As a drug target
Mogamulizumab
Mogamulizumab, sold under the brand name Poteligeo, is a humanized, afucosylated monoclonal antibody targeting CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4). The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved it in August 2018 for treatment of relapsed or ...
is a humanised monoclonal antibody targeted at CCR4 and is an investigational drug for CTCL.[
]
References
External links
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Chemokine receptors
Clusters of differentiation
{{transmembranereceptor-stub