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Bukar or Bukar Kura bin Umar al-Kanemi (c. 1830-c. 1884 or 1885) the '' shehu'' of the
''Travels and Discoveries in North and Central Africa''
(London: Longman, 1857). * Brenner, Louis, ''The Shehus of Kukawa: A History of the Al-Kanemi Dynasty of Bornu'', Oxford Studies in African Affairs (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1973). * Cohen, Ronald, ''The Kanuri of Bornu'', Case Studies in Cultural Anthropology (New York: Holt, 1967). * Isichei, Elizabeth, ''A History of African Societies to 1870'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), pp. 318–320, . * Lange, Dierk, 'The kingdoms and peoples of Chad', in ''General history of Africa'', ed. by Djibril Tamsir Niane, IV (London: Unesco, Heinemann, 1984), pp. 238–265. * Last, Murray, ‘Le Califat De Sokoto Et Borno’, in ''Histoire Generale De l'Afrique'', Rev. ed. (Paris: Presence Africaine, 1986), pp. 599–646.
Lavers, John, "The Al- Kanimiyyin Shehus: a Working Chronology" in ''Berichte des Sonderforschungsbereichs'', 268, Bd. 2, Frankfurt a. M. 1993: 179-186.
* Nachtigal, Gustav, ''Sahara und Sudan : Ergebnisse Sechsjähriger Reisen in Afrika'' (Berlin: Weidmann, 1879). * * Palmer, Herbert Richmond, ''The Bornu Sahara and Sudan'' (London: John Murray, 1936). *
Kanem–Bornu Empire
The Kanem–Bornu Empire was an empire based around Lake Chad that once ruled areas which are now part of Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon, Libya, Algeria, Sudan, and Chad. The empire was sustained by the prosperous trans-Saharan trade and was one of the ...
from 1881 to 1884 or 1885.
Reign of Bukar
Bukar became '' shehu'' in 1881 at the death of his father Umar I ibn Muhammad al-Amin. His three-year reign was marked by a deep economic crisis which forced him to impose a tax on his subjects. InKanuri language
Kanuri () is a Saharan dialect continuum of the Nilo–Saharan language family spoken by the Kanuri and Kanembu peoples in Nigeria, Niger, Chad and Cameroon, as well as by a diaspora community residing in Sudan.
Background
At the turn of the ...
, this tax was called ''kumoreji'' (splitting a calabash in half) which meant that Bukar appropriated half the wealth of his subjects.Louis Brenner, ''The Shehus of Kukawa: A History of the Al-Kanemi Dynasty of Bornu'', Oxford Studies in African Affairs (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1973), pp.86-88.Herbert Richmond Palmer, ''The Bornu Sahara and Sudan'' (London: John Murray, 1936), p. 269.
Bukar as seen by Heinrich Barth
In 1851, a British expedition led byHeinrich Barth
Johann Heinrich Barth (; ; 16 February 1821 – 25 November 1865) was a German explorer of Africa and scholar.
Barth is thought to be one of the greatest of the European explorers of Africa, as his scholarly preparation, ability to speak and wri ...
arrived in Borno. Barth met Bukar when he was around twelve and according to him he was:
Footnotes
Bibliography
* Barth, Heinrich''Travels and Discoveries in North and Central Africa''
(London: Longman, 1857). * Brenner, Louis, ''The Shehus of Kukawa: A History of the Al-Kanemi Dynasty of Bornu'', Oxford Studies in African Affairs (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1973). * Cohen, Ronald, ''The Kanuri of Bornu'', Case Studies in Cultural Anthropology (New York: Holt, 1967). * Isichei, Elizabeth, ''A History of African Societies to 1870'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), pp. 318–320, . * Lange, Dierk, 'The kingdoms and peoples of Chad', in ''General history of Africa'', ed. by Djibril Tamsir Niane, IV (London: Unesco, Heinemann, 1984), pp. 238–265. * Last, Murray, ‘Le Califat De Sokoto Et Borno’, in ''Histoire Generale De l'Afrique'', Rev. ed. (Paris: Presence Africaine, 1986), pp. 599–646.
Lavers, John, "The Al- Kanimiyyin Shehus: a Working Chronology" in ''Berichte des Sonderforschungsbereichs'', 268, Bd. 2, Frankfurt a. M. 1993: 179-186.
* Nachtigal, Gustav, ''Sahara und Sudan : Ergebnisse Sechsjähriger Reisen in Afrika'' (Berlin: Weidmann, 1879). * * Palmer, Herbert Richmond, ''The Bornu Sahara and Sudan'' (London: John Murray, 1936). *
External links
* Royalty of Borno 1830s births 1880s deaths 19th-century monarchs in Africa 19th-century Nigerian people {{Nigeria-hist-stub