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Umar Of Borno
Umar ibn Muhammad al-Amin (; died 1881), or Umar of Borno, was '' shehu'' of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1837–1853 and 1854–1881. Umar was a son of Muhammad al-Amin al-Kanemi. Umar's father had sidelined the '' mai'' (king/emperor), the traditional ruler of the empire. Umar completed this process by abolishing the office of ''mai'' in 1846 and assuming sole ''de jure'' power over the empire, though still with his father's title of ''shehu''. Reign Umar came to power at the death of his father in 1837.Herbert Richmond Palmer, ''The Bornu Sahara and Sudan'' (London: John Murray, 1936), p. 269. Umar did not match his father's vitality and gradually allowed the kingdom to be ruled by advisers ('' wazirs''). Umar's rise to become ''shehu'' had been opposed by the ''mai'' (king/emperor) Ibrahim IV, though Ibrahim failed to reassert the power and influence of his office. In 1846, Ibrahim hatched a new plan to restore his power and invited an external army from the Wadai Sultanate ...
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Gustav Nachtigal
Gustav Nachtigal (; born 23 February 1834 – 20 April 1885) was a German military surgeon and explorer of Central and West Africa. He is further known as the German Empire's consul-general for Tunisia and Commissioner for West Africa. His mission as commissioner resulted in Togoland and Kamerun becoming the first colonies of a German colonial empire. The ''Gustav-Nachtigal-Medal'', awarded by the Berlin Geographical Society, is named after him. Life and travels Gustav Nachtigal, the son of a Lutheran pastor, was born at Eichstedt in the Prussian province of Saxony-Anhalt. His father died of Phthisis pulmonum in 1839. After medical studies at the universities of Halle, Würzburg and Greifswald, he practised for several years as a military surgeon. He worked in Cologne, Germany. Nachtigal contracted a lung disease and relocated to Annaba in Algeria in October, 1862. He travelled to Tunis in 1863, where he studied Arabic, and took part as surgeon in several expeditions into C ...
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Shehu Of Borno
The ''shehu'' (sheikh) was the ruler of the late Kanem–Bornu Empire, at this stage often referred to as just Bornu or Borno, from 1809 (''de facto'') or 1846 (''de jure'') to the end of the empire in 1902. The ''shehu''s belonged to the al-Kameni dynasty, the descendants of the scholar and military leader Muhammad al-Amin al-Kanemi. Al-Kameni became the effective ruler of Bornu in the aftermath of the Fula jihads, supplanting the power of the earlier line of rulers (the ''mai''s). The ''mai'' continued to be a figurehead ruler until 1846, when the last ''mai'' was killed and al-Kanemi's son Umar assumed full power over the empire. After 1902, the line of ''shehu''s has continued to rule the non-sovereign Borno Emirate in Nigeria, one of the country's traditional states. A junior branch of the family also serves as ''shehu''s of the Dikwa Emirate, also established in 1902. Numbering The ''shehu''s are numbered after uninterrupted periods of rule. The turbulent reigns of ''s ...
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Nigerian Muslims
Islam is one of the major religions in Nigeria, with a history that spans over a millennium. While some scholars suggest that Islam was introduced to the region as early as the 9th century,it is more commonly accepted that the religion began to take root in what is now modern-day Nigeria around the 11th century. The spread of Islam was primarily facilitated by trade routes across the Sahara and the influence of Muslim merchants and scholars. By the 19th century, the Sokoto Caliphate, founded through the Fulani Jihad led by Usman dan Fodio, established Islam as the predominant religion in northern Nigeria. The religion also spread to the southwest among the Yoruba through trade and cultural exchange. Islam remains a major religion in Nigeria today, practised by approximately 47–54% of the population. The variance in estimations reflects the differences in survey methodologies and the absence of an official national religious census since 1963. The majority of Nigerian Musl ...
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People From Borno State
The term "the people" refers to the public or common mass of people of a polity. As such it is a concept of human rights law, international law as well as constitutional law, particularly used for claims of popular sovereignty. In contrast, a people is any plurality of persons considered as a whole. Used in politics and law, the term "a people" refers to the collective or community of an ethnic group or nation. Concepts Legal Chapter One, Article One of the Charter of the United Nations states that "peoples" have the right to self-determination. Though the mere status as peoples and the right to self-determination, as for example in the case of Indigenous peoples (''peoples'', as in all groups of indigenous people, not merely all indigenous persons as in ''indigenous people''), does not automatically provide for independent sovereignty and therefore secession. Indeed, judge Ivor Jennings identified the inherent problems in the right of "peoples" to self-determination, as i ...
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Royalty Of Borno
Royalty may refer to: * the mystique/prestige bestowed upon monarchs ** one or more monarchs, such as kings, queens, emperors, empresses, princes, princesses, etc. *** royal family, the immediate family of a king or queen-regnant, and sometimes his or her extended family * royalty payment for use of such things as intellectual property, music, or natural resources Music * The Royalty (band), a 2005–2013 American rock band * Royalty Records, a Canadian record label Albums * ''Royalty'' (Chris Brown album), 2015 * ''Royalty'' (EP), by EarthGang, 2018 * ''Royalty'' (mixtape), by Childish Gambino (Donald Glover), 2012 * ''The Royalty'' (album), by the Royal Royal, 2012 * '' The Royalty: La Realeza'', by R.K.M & Ken-Y, 2008 Songs * "Royalty" (Down with Webster song), 2012 * "Royalty" (XXXTentacion song), 2019 * "Royalty", by Conor Maynard, 2015 * "Royalty", by Nas from ''The Lost Tapes 2'', 2019 Theatres * Royalty Theatre, a demolished theatre in Soho, London, England * Roya ...
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1881 Deaths
Events January * January 1– 24 – Siege of Geok Tepe: Russian troops under General Mikhail Skobelev defeat the Turkomans. * January 13 – War of the Pacific – Battle of San Juan and Chorrillos: The Chilean army defeats Peruvian forces. * January 15 – War of the Pacific – Battle of Miraflores: The Chileans take Lima, capital of Peru, after defeating its second line of defense in Miraflores. * January 24 – William Edward Forster, chief secretary for Ireland, introduces his Coercion Bill, which temporarily suspends habeas corpus so that those people suspected of committing an offence can be detained without trial; it goes through a long debate before it is accepted February 2. Note that Coercion bills had been passed almost annually in the 19th century, with a total of 105 such bills passed from 1801 to 1921. * January 25 – Thomas Edison and Alexander Graham Bell form the Oriental Telephone Company. February * Febru ...
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Year Of Birth Unknown
A year is a unit of time based on how long it takes the Earth to orbit the Sun. In scientific use, the tropical year (approximately 365 solar days, 5 hours, 48 minutes, 45 seconds) and the sidereal year (about 20 minutes longer) are more exact. The modern calendar year, as reckoned according to the Gregorian calendar, approximates the tropical year by using a system of leap years. The term 'year' is also used to indicate other periods of roughly similar duration, such as the lunar year (a roughly 354-day cycle of twelve of the Moon's phasessee lunar calendar), as well as periods loosely associated with the calendar or astronomical year, such as the seasonal year, the fiscal year, the academic year, etc. Due to the Earth's axial tilt, the course of a year sees the passing of the seasons, marked by changes in weather, the hours of daylight, and, consequently, vegetation and soil fertility. In temperate and subpolar regions around the planet, four seasons ar ...
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Laminu Njitiya
Laminu Njitiya (died 1871) was a 19th-century Shuwa Arab aristocrat who served as an influential adviser to Umar bin Muhammad al-Kanemi, the Shehu of Bornu. He was often described as the most powerful figure in Bornu during the second reign of Umar (1854 to 1881). Initially a highway bandit, Laminu became a follower of influential courtiers of the Shehu, including Mallam Tirab, and later his son, al-Hajj Bashir. As the chief assistant of Bashir, he was infamous for carrying out the dirty work of his master, which he did with ruthless efficiency. After Bashir's death in 1853, Laminu became Umar's closest adviser. This position granted him considerable influence and wealth in Bornu. He was known for his competence as an administrator and is remembered as the greatest 19th-century fief-holder in Magumeri. Early life Laminu Njitiya was of mixed Shuwa Arab and Kanembu descent. He began his career as a highwayman in Magumeri, a fief of Mallam Tirab, an influential adviser to ...
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Takai
Takai is a Local Government Area in Kano State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Takai to the north of the area on the A237 highway. It has an area of 598 km and a population of 202,743 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 712. Geography Takai Local Government Area has an average temperature of 33 degrees Celsius with a total area of 598 square kilometers. The dry and wet seasons are the two main seasons experienced by the Local Government Area; the dry seasons often persist longer than the rainy seasons. Religion The two main religions practice in Takai are Islam and Christianity. Economy In Takai Local Government Area, farming is a major economic activity. A range of crops, including rice, groundnuts, millet, and sorghum, are grown there. In the Local Government Area, a range of animals are also raised and marketed, including sheep, goats, and cows. The people of Takai Local Government Area also engage in significant trading, food proces ...
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Umar Ibn Muhammad Of Borno
Umar ibn Muhammad al-Kanemi (1872–1967), known as Sanda Kyarimi, was the ''shehu'' of the Dikwa Emirate between 1917 and 1937 and the '' shehu'' of the Borno Emirate from 1937 to 1968. Reign In 1955, Umar attended the great durbar in Kaduna during the visit of Elizabeth II. The same year, he went on pilgrimage to Mecca. During his tenure as Shehu of Dikwa, the District Officer of Dikwa advised him that one of his armed guards was no longer fit for duty due to his age. At the time, Borno faced a significant issue with robbers, and in Dikwa, there were several posts manned by guards armed with old rifles who patrolled the area. The particular armed guard in question was ninety years old and had previously served as a soldier in Rabih az-Zubayr's army. Despite this guard having once been a part of the army that had killed the Shehu's father, the Shehu chose not to replace him as'....he was Rabih's mightiest leader in battle; he killed a score of men with his own right arm; his na ...
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Borno Emirate
The Borno Emirate or Sultanate, sometimes known as the Bornu Emirate, is a traditional Nigerian state that was formed at the start of the 20th century. It is headed by the descendants of the rulers of the Bornu Empire, founded before 1000. The rulers have the title Shehu of Borno (var. Shehu of Bornu, Sultan of Borno/u). The traditional emirate of Borno maintains a ceremonial rule of the Kanuri people, based in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria, but acknowledged by the 4 million Kanuri in neighbouring countries. The current ruling line, the al-Kanemi dynasty, dates to the accession of Muhammad al-Amin al-Kanemi in the early 19th century, displacing the Sayfawa dynasty which had ruled from around 1300. History The old Bornu Empire collapsed in 1893 when the Funj warlord Rabih Zubayr ibn Fadlallah seized power and transferred the capital to Dikwa. When the French, then expanding in West Africa, defeated and killed Rabih they installed Shehu Sanda Kura, a member of the old ...
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Usman Dan Fodio
Shehu Usman dan Fodio (; full name; 15 December 1754 – 20 April 1817). (Uthman ibn Muhammad ibn Uthman ibn Saalih ibn Haarun ibn Muhammad Ghurdu ibn Muhammad Jubba ibn Muhammad Sambo ibn Maysiran ibn Ayyub ibn Buba Baba ibn Musa Jokolli ibn Imam Dembube`) was a Fulani scholar, Islamic religious teacher, poet, revolutionary and a philosopher who founded the Sokoto Caliphate and ruled as its first caliph. After the successful revolution, the "Jama'a" gave him the title Amir al-Mu'minin (commander of the faithful). He rejected the throne and continued calling to Islam. Born in Gobir, Usman was a descendant of the Torodbe clans of urbanized ethnic Fulani people living in the Hausa Kingdoms since the early 1400s. In early life, Usman became well educated in Islamic studies and soon, he began to preach Sunni Islam throughout territories that would later become parts of independent Nigeria and Cameroon. He wrote more than a hundred books concerning religion, government, cultur ...
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