''Buglossoporus'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

fungi A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one ...

in the family

Fomitopsidaceae The Fomitopsidaceae are a family (biology), family of fungi in the order Polyporales. Most species are parasitic on woody plants, and tend to cause Wood-decay fungus#Brown rot, brown rots. The name comes from ''Fomitopsis'' (meaning "looking like ...

. The genus was circumscribed in 1966 by Czech mycologists František Kotlába and Zdeněk Pouzar, with '' Buglossoporus quercinus'' as the

type species In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the spe ...

. In some works, ''Buglossoporus'' has been treated as a

synonym A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that means precisely or nearly the same as another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. For example, in the English language, the words ''begin'', ''start'', ''commence'', and ''initiate'' are a ...

of '' Piptoporus''. '' Buglossoporus magnus'', known from only three locations in old growth lowland

rainforest Rainforests are forests characterized by a closed and continuous tree Canopy (biology), canopy, moisture-dependent vegetation, the presence of epiphytes and lianas and the absence of wildfire. Rainforests can be generally classified as tropi ...

Peninsular Malaysia Peninsular Malaysia, historically known as Malaya and also known as West Malaysia or the Malaysian Peninsula, is the western part of Malaysia that comprises the southern part of the Malay Peninsula on Mainland Southeast Asia and the list of isla ...

, is considered a

vulnerable species A vulnerable species is a species which has been Conservation status, categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as being threatened species, threatened with extinction unless the circumstances that are threatened species, ...

by the

IUCN The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natural resources. Founded in 1948, IUCN has become the global authority on the status ...

, and appears on their Red List.

Description

The fruit bodies of ''Buglossoporus'' are annual. They have a

cap A cap is a flat headgear, usually with a visor. Caps have crowns that fit very close to the head. They made their first appearance as early as 3200 BC. The origin of the word "cap" comes from the Old French word "chapeau" which means "head co ...

, and a variable attachment to the substrate—in some species the cap is attached directly, while others have a stipe. The cap surface ranges in colour from pink, cinnamon, orange to brown, with a texture that is either felt-like or smooth, without zone lines. The pore surface on the cap underside is white, cream, buff to brown. Pores are small, with a round to angular shape. The

context In semiotics, linguistics, sociology and anthropology, context refers to those objects or entities which surround a ''focal event'', in these disciplines typically a communicative event, of some kind. Context is "a frame that surrounds the event ...

is white, cream, buff, orange to brown, corky, and thicker than the tubes. It sometimes has a pellicle (a thin membrane) at the upper surface. The tubes are thin and fragile. ''Buglossoporus'' has a

hypha A hypha (; ) is a long, branching, filamentous structure of a fungus, oomycete, or actinobacterium. In most fungi, hyphae are the main mode of vegetative growth, and are collectively called a mycelium. Structure A hypha consists of one o ...

l system that is dimitic in the context, but monomitic in the trama. Generative hyphae have clamp connections, while the skeletal hyphae are thick-walled. There are no

cystidia A cystidium (: cystidia) is a relatively large cell found on the sporocarp of a basidiomycete (for example, on the surface of a mushroom gill), often between clusters of basidia. Since cystidia have highly varied and distinct shapes that are o ...

in the

hymenium The hymenium is the tissue layer on the hymenophore of a fungal fruiting body where the cells develop into basidia or asci, which produce spores. In some species all of the cells of the hymenium develop into basidia or asci, while in oth ...

, but thin-walled cystidioles are typically present.

Spores In biology, a spore is a unit of sexual (in fungi) or asexual reproduction that may be adapted for dispersal and for survival, often for extended periods of time, in unfavourable conditions. Spores form part of the life cycles of many plant ...

produced by ''Buglossoporus'' range in shape from

ellipsoid An ellipsoid is a surface that can be obtained from a sphere by deforming it by means of directional Scaling (geometry), scalings, or more generally, of an affine transformation. An ellipsoid is a quadric surface; that is, a Surface (mathemat ...

, to cylindrical, to spindle-shaped. They are

hyaline A hyaline substance is one with a glassy appearance. The word is derived from , and . Histopathology Hyaline cartilage is named after its glassy appearance on fresh gross pathology. On light microscopy of H&E stained slides, the extracellula ...

, thin-walled, and smooth, showing no reaction to Melzer's reagent. The fungus grows on

angiosperm Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Greek words (; 'container, vessel') and (; 'seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed within a fruit ...

wood and causes a brown rot.

Molecular phylogenetic Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...

analysis shows ''Buglossoporus'' be closely related to ''

Neolentiporus ''Neolentiporus'' is a fungal genus in the family Fomitopsidaceae. It contains '' Neolentiporus squamosellus'' and the type species '' N. maculatissimus''. The genus was circumscribed by mycologist Mario Rajchenberg in 1995. Description '' ...

''. This latter genus, however, has a dimitic hyphal system in trama with irregularly thick-walled generative hyphae, and skeletal hyphae that are metachromatic.

Species list

*'' Buglossoporus americanus'' D.A.Reid (1976) – Costa Rica *'' Buglossoporus brunneiflavus'' Corner (1984) *'' Buglossoporus eucalypticola'' M.L.Han, B.K.Cui & Y.C.Dai (2016) – China *'' Buglossoporus flavus'' Corner (1984) *'' Buglossoporus heritierae'' Corner (1984) *'' Buglossoporus magnus'' Corner (1984) *'' Buglossoporus malesianus'' Corner (1984) – Asia *'' Buglossoporus marmoratus'' Corner (1984) *'' Buglossoporus quercinus'' (Schrad.) Kotl. & Pouzar (1966) In a later study of Corner's Asian and West Pacific collections, Tsutomu Hattori concluded that both ''B. brunneiflavus'' and ''Buglossoporus flavus'' were "dubious species" due to "poor or sterile conditions", and that ''Buglossoporus matangensis'' and ''B. rufescens'' are

synonyms A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that means precisely or nearly the same as another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. For example, in the English language, the words ''begin'', ''start'', ''commence'', and ''initiate'' are a ...

of ''B. malesianus''. This latter synonymy was supported in a 2016 study.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q4986228 Fomitopsidaceae Polyporales genera Taxa described in 1966